Holocene最新文献

{"title":"Late-Holocene changes in vegetation composition and fire regimes in the subalpine western Nanling Mountains in subtropic China","authors":"Mingying Quan, Wei Zhong, Xiaojun Wang, Bingxiang Wang, Tianhang Li","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157058","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the responses of vegetation composition to climate, fire regimes and human disturbance is crucial to provide valuable insights to protect current and future ecosystems. However, relevant studies were poorly performed on the heavily forested montane areas in subtropic East Asia. In this study, we present pollen and charcoal records from a 95-cm long peat core in the subalpine Daping swamp in the western Nanling Mountains in subtropic China, to discuss the possible interactions among vegetation, fire, climatic change, and human activities in the late-Holocene. Our results suggest that the vegetation in the study area was composed of deciduous–evergreen mixed forests with few fire events during 3140–630 cal yr BP, and its changes were mainly controlled by climate with rare human impacts reflected by low concentrations of charcoals, low proportions of Poaceae pollen, and high AP/NAP ratios. After 630 cal yr BP, pollen data indicate an obvious shift from dense forests to more open landscape. The sharp increase of charcoal concentrations, the extremely low AP/NAP and increased Poaceae percentages suggest that this vegetation shift is not only impacted by the dry climate conditions, but also by the intensified deforestation due to enhanced human activities such as the slash-and-burn cultivation, etc. This study reveals a vital transitional timing from the natural to the superimposed anthropogenic forcing of vegetation composition and fire regimes at ~630 cal yr BP. Regional comparison of charcoal records indicates that the onset timing of intensified human disturbance in the inland montane areas is much later than that in the coastal areas in subtropic China. We infer the obstacle impacts of the montane terrain and the different responses of the dissemination of agriculture and enhanced population migration have played a crucial role in this asynchronous spreading pattern.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"707 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current sika deer effective population size is near to reaching its historically highest level in the Japanese archipelago by release from hunting rather than climate change and top predator extinction","authors":"H. Iijima, J. Nagata, A. Izuno, K. Uchiyama, N. Akashi, Daisuke Fujiki, Takeo Kuriyama","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157063","url":null,"abstract":"Deer species were repeatedly overexploited and protected for their meat and fur and they had strong impacts on ecosystems and human society by damaging crops and planted trees, altering vegetation, deer vehicle collision, and increasing ticks that vector zoonosis. To accomplish appropriate population management, the historical demography and its main driver need to be clarified. In this study, we estimated the historical demography of effective population size (Ne) of sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) in Hokkaido and Hyogo Prefectures of the Japanese archipelago. We estimated Ne of >100 generations from present (2020) by folded single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) frequency spectra and, within 100 generations from present, by linkage disequilibrium between SNP. In Hokkaido, Ne drastically increased around 3.0 ky BP and decreased around 100–150 years ago with the assumption of their generation length as 4 or 9 years. The Ne decreased by a 10th before the recent bottleneck. In Hyogo, Ne increased around 80 and 1 ky BP and decreased around 100–250 years ago. Ne decreased by a 100th before the recent bottleneck. After these recent bottlenecks, Ne of both regions recovered and the current Ne has nearly reaches the highest level of the last 100 ky BP. Literature survey and paleoclimate indicates that the decrease and increase of Ne of sika deer in Japanese archipelago may be caused by variations in the hunting activity of humans rather than climate change or the top predator extinction.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"718 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48943356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation variability, vegetation turnover, and anthropogenic disturbance over the last millennium in the Atacama highlands of northern Chile (19°S)","authors":"Alejandra I. Domic, M. E. de Porras, J. Capriles, Andrés Zamora-Allendes, S. Ivory, A. Maldonado","doi":"10.1177/09596836231151834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231151834","url":null,"abstract":"The Late-Holocene history of hydroclimatic variability in the Atacama Desert offers insights into the effects of precipitation and humans on ecosystems in one of the most extremely arid regions of the world. However, understanding the effects of regional precipitation variability in relation to local ecological stressors remains to be fully resolved. Here, we present a pollen-based qualitative precipitation reconstruction derived from fossil rodent middens recovered from two sites near Laguna Roja (LRO; n = 25) and Isluga (ISL; n = 15) in the Atacama highlands (19°S) of northern Chile. At LRO, the fossil pollen record shows multi-centennial hydroclimatic anomalies during the last millennium, with wetter than present phases at 1155–1130, 865–670, and 215–80 cal yrs BP, and similar to present conditions between 1005 and 880 cal yrs BP. In contrast, the ISL record shows a wet phase during 1115–840 cal yrs BP, suggesting that meso-ecological processes were as important in vegetation turnover as regional hydroclimate anomalies. Wetter conditions derived from LRO partially overlap with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (865–670 cal yrs BP) and with the latest part of the Little Ice Age (215–80 cal yrs BP). Furthermore, no strong anthropogenic signal was identified possibly related to the remote location of the records. Palynological diversity analyses evidence increasing diversification of plant communities during wet events at both sites. In correlation to existing regional hydroclimatic records from the Western Andes, our precipitation reconstruction verifies that centennial-scale changes in the strength of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) and partial influence of El Niño-like (ENSO) conditions drove vegetation turnover in the Atacama Desert during the last millennium.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"536 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46213213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Holocene dietary patterns on the Neolithic Jeju Island, South Korea: Evidence from stone tools and stable carbon isotope analysis","authors":"Seungki Kwak, K. Park, Gyoung-Ah Lee","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157061","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates Neolithic subsistence on Jeju Island in Korea during the Early Holocene. Gosanri, our main site, provides evidence of the Early Holocene peopling to the Island by 10,000 cal. BP with pottery making tradition, while the Neolithic sites appeared in the Korean peninsula only 2000 years later. Gosanri and most of the Early Holocene sites, collectively called the Incipient Neolithic (10,000–8000 cal. BP), are located along the coastal lines of Jeju, and thus Incipient Neolithic people were assumed to conduct marine-based subsistence activities. This assumption has not been tested partly as most sites did not preserve any organic remains that can reflect diet. We examine this unanswered question by providing direct evidence on diet through the compound specific isotope analysis on pottery and by examining the stone tool compositions for procuring food. Our analyses suggest that Early Holocene islanders relied on terrestrial resource substantially. The proximity to the coast is not a self-sufficient evidence for the assumption of marine-oriented diet. Instead, the seasonality of food resources, the seasonal climate fluctuation, and the locational merit to a quarry, all equally affected Jeju islanders’ diet preference and subsistence practice. Overall Gosanri provides another convincing case of the broad-spectrum resource use to the transition to the Early Holocene.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"695 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-Holocene fynbos-forest dynamics in Orange Kloof, Table Mountain National Park, South Africa","authors":"Sabine Prader, L. Gillson, B. Chase, M. Hoffman","doi":"10.1177/09596836231151823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231151823","url":null,"abstract":"Fynbos and afrotemperate forest exist as alternate stable states in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. In parts of Table Mountain National Park, afrotemperate forest has expanded in recent decades. The aim of this project was to explore the drivers of this change and distinguish whether this expansion represents a recovery of forest after previous clearance during the 18th century or is a novel expansion of forest range that resulted from policies of fire suppression in the 20th century. To determine the relationships between forest and fynbos and its key drivers, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, stable isotope ratios (δ13C) and major and trace elements were analysed from late-Holocene sediments extracted from Orange Kloof. Pollen data show that forest cover has fluctuated over the past 3690 years. At the start of the record, under drier conditions from 1670 BCE to ~170 CE, forests contracted, and dry, asteraceous fynbos dominated the landscape. Around ~170 CE there was a shift to ericaceous fynbos as water availability increased. Weak signals of Khoekhoen pastoralists may be visible in the record around 50 CE, indicated by increased spores and charcoal. A regime shift towards increased dominance of the forest occurred ~250 CE, associated with wetter climate. Clear anthropogenic signals are associated with European settlement from 1650 CE. Reinforced by human clearance of forest, fynbos expanded during the cool conditions of the late phase of Little Ice Age (~1750–1850 CE). Forest expansion in the 20th century likely reflects fire suppression and recovery from past forest clearance. Fire needs to be managed accordingly if further expansion of forest into fynbos is to be curbed.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"592 - 604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene book review: Arctic Ecology","authors":"Helen Hallang","doi":"10.1177/09596836221109368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836221109368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"366 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43108809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volcanic, tectonic and climate controls on lacustrine sedimentary supplies over the last millenia in NE Chilean Patagonia (Lake Esponja, Aysen, 45°S)","authors":"N. Fagel, P. Pedreros, Denisse Álvarez, Isabel Israde Alcántara, Ignacio Vega Alay, O. Namur, A. Araneda, S. Schmidt, G. Lepoint, R. Urrutia","doi":"10.1177/09596836231151828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231151828","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental variability of Northern Chilean Patagonia during the last millennia is evaluated using a multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores from Lake Esponja (45°S 72°W) to decipher if the sediment deposition is controlled by volcanic eruptions, landslides induced by earthquake or heavy rainfall. The lake is located in a glacio-tectonic valley in Patagonia. The organic-rich clayey silt sediment with low biogenic silica content was analysed for grain size, magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, biogenic silica content and diatom assemblages, mineralogy (X-ray diffraction), organic (IRMS C and N analyses) and inorganic (XRF core-scanner) geochemistry and glass shard major composition (Microprobe, SEM). The combination of 210Pb, 137Cs, 14C and tephrochronology indicates an averaged accumulation rate of 0.4 mm/year, leading to a record of ~3.5 kyr within 154 cm. The sedimentary geochemistry records changes in volcanic supplies, diatom productivity and detrital inputs. The sediments were interrupted by millimetric to centimetric layers corresponding to tephra deposition related to explosive eruptions of nearby volcanoes Macá, Melimoyu and Hudson. Concerning the diatoms, the dominant planktonic species (80–150 cm) are replaced by benthic species in a transition interval (55–80 cm) and then by Surirella spp. in the upper core. This last genus indicates a closure of the basin ~2 ka ago, probably related to an uplift linked to a rejuvenation of the Mañihuales fault. This local change could reflect regional tectonic instability. Indeed, a partial earthquake rupture occurred around ~AD100 along the southern part of the Valdivia segment, recorded as a mass transport deposit in Aysén fjord sedimentation. The fine detrital input varies over time with more variable Si/Al values in the lower part of the LEs14 core than in the upper 80 cm. The higher values may reflect wetter conditions, leading to an higher lake level and more turbid conditions in agreement with changes in diatom assemblages.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"518 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A humification-based method toward refining Holocene radiocarbon chronologies: Wetland records from southeastern China","authors":"Nannan Li, F. Yu, F. Chambers, Zhaoquan Huang, Wen-Chiang Lin, Zilong Zhu, Huanjie Yang, Jiaqi Lin","doi":"10.1177/09596836231151821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231151821","url":null,"abstract":"Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions and comparisons largely rely on accurate age-depth modeling. However, uncertainties in chronology, such as those caused by sparse radiocarbon dates, will hamper inter-core comparisons and correlations, and might result in misleading “cause and consequence” conclusions. This study aimed to find a solution to increase the comparability and minimize the uncertainty of wetland chronology as much as possible. Sediment cores were recovered and radiocarbon dated from the Lianhuachi wetland located in Southeastern China. Humification degree and loss-on-ignition (LOI) were determined using colorimetric and combustion methods respectively. Our data were compared with previously published datasets obtained in the same wetland. The results show that independent humification profiles from the Lianhuachi wetland displayed high similarities. This high similarity between the humification profiles allowed us to transfer radiocarbon ages from one core to another using sequence slotting correlation. Applying the humification-based chronology refinement method to all sediment cores resulted in an improvement in the correlation coefficients between the same but independently measured proxy sequences from the wetland, which suggests both the inter- and intra-core comparability was improved. Because determining peat humification degree is easy, inexpensive, and time-saving, we suggest that humification can serve as a tool that can be used to correlate different cores and to transfer published radiocarbon ages within the same wetland (peatland) or in a comparable geological setting, to establish a more robust chronology of these comparable cores. The degree of peat humification can thus serve as a relative dating technique to refine the chronology of wetland (including peatland) records.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"605 - 615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47461197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transition from an Indigenous to a European influenced fire regime at Lake Werri Berri, south-east Australia","authors":"M. Constantine, Xiaohong Zhu, Haidee R. Cadd, S. Mooney","doi":"10.1177/09596836231151827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231151827","url":null,"abstract":"The drivers of fire regimes prior to the European occupation of Australia are still contentious, with some advocating regimes dominated by anthropogenic ignitions and others advocating a climate source or mixture of these elements. Here, we examine an 850-year history of fire regimes at Lake Werri Berri in south-east Australia, prior to and following European occupation. Macroscopic charcoal and FTIR spectroscopy were used to infer broad changes of the fire regime in proximity to the lake. We found little change through much of the 850-year period and most interesting, no apparent change following the initial displacement of Indigenous peoples and the introduction of farming and woodcutting to the region by Europeans. From the mid-20th Century onwards, there was an increase in both area burnt and fire severity or intensity, likely the result of increased fuel load and connectivity following an extended period of increased precipitation and heavier recreational land usage, which likely led to an increase in anthropogenic ignitions.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"505 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgement 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s41603-023-00204-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41603-023-00204-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"486 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45566048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}