Holocene最新文献

{"title":"The role of fire disturbances, human activities and climate change for long-term forest dynamics in upper-montane forests of the central Dinaric Alps","authors":"E. Cagliero, L. Paradis, N. Marchi, Zsuzsa Lisztes-Szabó, M. Braun, Katalin Hubay, P. Sabatier, M. Čurović, V. Spalević, R. Motta, E. Lingua, W. Finsinger","doi":"10.1177/09596836231163515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231163515","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first high-resolution Holocene pollen, plant-macrofossil, and charcoal records from the upper-montane zone in the central Dinaric Alps. Drawing on these new records from well-dated lacustrine sediments of Zminje Jezero (ca. 1500 m a.s.l.; Montenegro) and on independent chironomid-inferred summer temperatures, we explore long-term ecosystem responses to variations in climate, fire disturbances and land use, as well as legacy effects of past environmental changes. A mixed spruce-fir forest established in the upper-montane zone around 9500 cal BP, and Fagus sylvatica became co-dominant with the two conifers after 5000 cal BP. Prehistoric land-use pressure was overall remarkably low, but increased since 2000 cal BP and was highest after the Middle Ages. We found a significant positive relationship between biomass burning and summer temperature, indicating that fires were mostly climate driven. Picea abies was insensitive to summer temperature, biomass burning and human impact, which supports the view that spruce forests may not be significantly impacted by fire. In contrast, Abies alba and other disturbance-sensitive trees (Tilia, Ulmus, Fraxinus excelsior-type) show significant negative responses to land-use pressure and positive responses to summer temperature. This supports the notion that these species may be well-adapted to warmer-than present summer temperatures and that their populations declined in recent millennia due to land-use activities. Conversely, F. sylvatica was sensitive to summer temperatures but was promoted by low biomass burning, indicating that its expansion in the spruce-fir dominated forest was enhanced by the onset of cooler and possibly also moister climatic conditions as well as by fire disturbances.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"827 - 841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Neolithic agricultural and land-use models in southern Poland: A case-study of the long-term settlement in Mozgawa","authors":"Marta Korczyńska-Cappenberg, M. Nowak, A. Mueller-Bieniek, J. Wilczyński, Sylwia Pospuła, Krzysztof Wertz, T. Kalicki, Piotr Biesaga, P. Szwarczewski, Magda Kapcia, K. Cappenberg, A. Wacnik, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157065","url":null,"abstract":"Palaeoecological and archaeological studies conducted in Mozgawa (southern Poland) demonstrated a long-term sustainable land-use by inhabitants of a large settlement occupied during the second half of the fourth millennium BC. The Middle Neolithic society established a settlement that covered an area of about 30–35 ha and functioned during at least three centuries, as validated by the absolute chronology. A thorough analysis based on the fuzzy-logic principle combined with archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data showed that the subsistence model was based on agricultural practices, related with both crop cultivation and animal husbandry, together with an important component of hunting, fishing and gathering. Ecological requirements of plants and animals represented by fossil remains suggested that the exploited area included a variety of habitats. In the open landscape, wet and dry grasslands, used partly as pastures, cultivated fields and marshes were present. Wooded areas included deciduous lime-oak-elm forests, also of open canopy type, and riparian forests. This was due to the transitional location of the Mozgawa site on a loess-mantled hill, covered with fertile soils, but right on the border with a vast alluvial plain of the Nida River. Such ecologically diversified micro-region became a managed landscape, which provided rich resources for seasonal diets of the settlement’s inhabitants. The case study of the Mozgawa site offers a unique insight into the palaeoeconomy of the Funnel Beaker culture in central Europe.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"619 - 635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43342041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene deglaciation and glacier readvances on the Fildes Peninsula and King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo), South Shetland Islands, NW Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"Pablo Heredia Barión, S. Roberts, C. Spiegel, S. Binnie, L. Wacker, J. Davies, Imogen Gabriel, V. Jones, S. Blockley, E. Pearson, Louise C. Foster, S. Davies, T. Roland, Emma P. Hocking, M. J. Bentley, D. Hodgson, C. Hayward, R. McCulloch, J. Strelin, G. Kuhn","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157059","url":null,"abstract":"To provide insights into glacier-climate dynamics of the South Shetland Islands (SSI), NW Antarctic Peninsula, we present a new deglaciation and readvance model for the Bellingshausen Ice Cap (BIC) on Fildes Peninsula and for King George Island/Isla 25 de Mayo (KGI) ~62°S. Deglaciation on KGI began after c. 15 cal. ka BP and had progressed to within present-day limits on the Fildes Peninsula, its largest ice-free peninsula, by c. 6.6–5.3 cal. ka BP. Probability density phase analysis of chronological data constraining Holocene glacier advances on KGI revealed up to eight 95% probability ‘gaps’ during which readvances could have occurred. These are grouped into four stages – Stage 1: a readvance and marine transgression, well-constrained by field data, between c. 7.4 and 6.6 cal. ka BP; Stage 2: four probability ‘gaps’, less well-constrained by field data, between c. 5.3 and 2.2 cal. ka BP; Stage 3: a well-constrained but restricted ‘readvance’ between c. 1.7 and 1.5 cal. ka BP; Stage 4: two further minor ‘readvances’, one less well-constrained by field data between c. 1.3 and 0.7 cal. ka BP (68% probability), and a ‘final’ well-constrained ‘readvance’ after <0.7 cal. ka BP. The Stage 1 readvance occurred as colder and more negative Southern Annular Mode (SAM)-like conditions developed, and marginally stronger/poleward shifted westerly winds led to more storms and precipitation on the SSI. Readvances after c. 5.3 cal. ka BP were possibly more frequent, driven by reducing spring/summer insolation at 62°S and negative SAM-like conditions, but weaker (equatorward shifted) Westerlies over the SSI led to reduced storminess, restricting readvances within or close to present day limits. Late Holocene readvances were anti-phased with subaquatic freshwater moss layers in lake records unaffected by glaciofluvial inputs. Retreat from ‘Neoglacial’ glacier limits and the recolonisation of lakes by subaquatic freshwater moss after 1950 CE is associated with recent warming/more positive SAM-like conditions.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"636 - 658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47672218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watering the desert: Oasis hydroarchaeology, geochronology and functionality in Northern Arabia","authors":"C. Lüthgens, M. Luciani, S. Prochazka, Gustav Firla, P. Hoelzmann, A. M. Abualhassan","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157292","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of very extended desert oases settlements, mega-sites featuring complex irrigation systems and monumental walls has long been observed in Northern Arabia. In the past, it has been linked to the settling down of nomadic components of the population and dated through archaeological material to the Late Bronze or Iron Ages (late second to mid-first millennium BCE). Since 2014 we have been investigating this development through the case study of the oasis of Qurayyah, a walled site of over 300 ha (Tabuk, NW Saudi Arabia). After mapping the geomorphological and hydroarchaeological layout of this ancient settlement, we established the age of key locations of the site through OSL and radiometric measurements from controlled stratigraphic excavations. We could thus confirm that a major – the largest so far documented in Arabia – flood protection and surface water harvesting system (SWHS) was developed already during the Early Bronze Age (2900–2600 calBCE) onto the relict late Pleistocene playa landscape. This sophisticated anthropogenic hydraulic infrastructure enabled the foundation of the river oasis and construction of the permanent walled settlement. Since different components of the SWHS erected on the site (dam, inlet, canals, weirs, outlet, etc.) resulted being synchronic, they are understood as functional elements of one and the same system. A test of the functionality of the identified SWHS for different rainfall scenarios has confirmed that the volume of its catchment’s surface-water supply was sufficient for irrigation, productive and drinking needs of the large oasis since its Early Bronze Age creation.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"562 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytolith analyses of tropical plants and topsoil from western Peninsular Malaysia and their implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction","authors":"Lu Dai, Yu Bai, S. Y. Foong, Zhongjing Cheng","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157064","url":null,"abstract":"The underrepresentation of many important rainforest species in pollen records still hinders accurate paleovegetation reconstructions in tropical Southeast Asia. In this study, we conducted a modern phytolith study of 141 plant and 15 surface soil samples around the forests of Jerai Hill in western Peninsular Malaysia to evaluate the potential of phytolith assemblages as a proxy for indicating tropical vegetation types. In the plant samples, including many Dipterocarpaceae species, tracheary annulate/helical phytoliths occur most commonly, followed by silicified epidermis, silicified stomata, elongate entire, sclereid, trichomes, irregular. A few diagnostic phytoliths with unique morphological features are found in dicotyledonous trees, palms, and ferns, such as spheroid ornate (sph_orn) and spheroid echinate (sph_ech). In contrast, the phytolith assemblage of surface sediment is dominated by sph_orn, sph_ech, and spheroid psilate. This suggests that similar to pollen, the contribution from dominating forest vegetation rich in Dipterocarpaceae species is obscure in phytolith deposits. However, phytolith analysis highlights the representation of monocotyledons and a few dicotyledonous trees. The more sensitive indication of Poaceae short-cell phytoliths than pollen for parent plants implies that their ratio to forest indicator phytoliths might be a valuable proxy of landscape openness. Additionally, the statistical analysis confirms that phytolith assemblages in the heath forest are slightly different from those in the lowland dipterocarp forest, exhibiting their potential to indicate various vegetation types.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"659 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47613067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-Holocene wildfire record from the Stagmo peat section, Leh valley, NW Himalaya","authors":"Sumit Sagwal, Dipanwita Sengupta, Adarsh Kumar, S. Dutt, P. Srivastava, R. Agnihotri, S. K. Gahlaud, Partha Sarathi Jena, A. Shivam, R. Bhushan","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157066","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfire is an integral component of the terrestrial ecosystem that plays a significant role in regulating the vegetation cover. The paleofire records stored in lacustrine, peat, or marine sedimentary deposits along with environmental proxy records provide temporal information on fire activity and contemporary climatic conditions on a regional scale. A ~2.8m long peat sedimentary profile from Stagmo, Indus Valley, Ladakh Himalaya was examined for sedimentology and charcoal microfossil contents to investigate fire characteristics and reconstruct wildfires which are compared with paleoclimatic changes and past human activities to assess their significance in biomass burning. Charcoal count (CC) analysis provides a suitable method for investigating climatic and vegetation changes with human intervention when no direct evidence is available in the Late-Holocene Trans Himalaya records. The results bring new insight into the interaction between vegetation, fire, and human activity in the Ladakh Himalaya during the past ~2.8 cal kyr BP. An event characterized by high CC at ~2.8 cal kyr BP is distinct from the whole sequence and cannot easily be explained as only the result of a climatic event. This first high charcoal count phase (2.81–2.55 cal kyr BP) could be a natural response to the expansion of forest and dense vegetation with human management interruption. This paleo wildfire event likely corresponds with the time of the Tibetan Plateau’s immediate human occupation. In the second phase, a relatively low charcoal count (1.65–1.54 cal kyr BP) is supported by the high fuel availability during a transitional phase. The third phase of wildfire reconstruction in Ladakh Himalaya is identified at ~1.38 cal kyr BP. This phase can be correlated with the intensified Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) advancing to Trans-Himalaya leading to increased human settlement in the region.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"685 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene book review: Landscapes and Landforms of Scotland (World Geomorphological Landscapes book series)","authors":"S. Lukas","doi":"10.1177/09596836221149586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836221149586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"484 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46241055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating possible links between Holocene environmental changes and cultural transitions across India","authors":"D. Behera, P. Chauhan","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157060","url":null,"abstract":"From the early Holocene onward, the Indian Subcontinent has accommodated a range of diverse human cultures and associated ecological adaptations and lifestyles. Around 10 kyrs ago, the Subcontinent has witnessed the development of later Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and their subsequent regional transitions to pastoralist (Neolithic) and agricultural (Chalcolithic) lifeways. The Holocene climate records reveal discrepancies in the timing and duration of climatic events, which can be attributed to a vast geographic isolation, the influence of height, elevation, and local climatic conditions. These changing climatic patterns including the development of a geographically variable monsoon directly impacted these various cultures including the Harappans and their contemporaries as well as younger Historical and Medieval empires across India, at various levels. In some regions, environmental changes led to uneven cultural transitions, geographic migrations, and the development of regionally-distinct material cultures along with establishment of sedentary life-ways. This paper attempts to present a review broadly correlating general climatic patterns throughout the Holocene period of India with regional cultural dynamics. All geomorphic-climatic zones of the Subcontinent showed strong inter-proxy coherence between 9 and 5 kyrs in response to increased precipitation. After this warming period ends, we see a moderate dry period as a result of a weakening monsoon and an overall tendency toward aridity throughout all zones (after 4 kyrs). The temporal variation of human habitation and respective adaptive responses suggest broad linkages to the varying climatic and physiographic features at a regional scale. Learning how this shaped human eco-dynamics in the past can help us expand our understanding of human history and implement lessons for the present as well as the future.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"3 3","pages":"728 - 745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41296670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant peat deposit provides clues to the inundated cultural landscapes of Kepa Kurl, southwestern Australia","authors":"I. Ward, Tjaltjraak Healthy Country Program Team, David R. Guilfoyle, A. O’Donnell, Chae Byrne, M. Macphail, S. Hopper","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157067","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2021 several tree stumps embedded in a remnant peat deposit were found in the intertidal zone of Wharton Beach, southwestern Australia by Esperance Tjaltjraak Rangers. Attempts were made to identify the tree using both dendrochronological and anthracological methods but were limited by the lack of reference information from tree species in the southwestern Australia. Radiocarbon dates from one stump indicates the tree lived for approximately 200 years, growing into the peaty sediments sometime before ca. 7340 cal yrs BP and died directly or indirectly as a result of marine transgression. The peat deposit is dated to 7608–7429 cal yrs BP but its exposed seaward edge was unconformably underlain by younger sand, dated by OSL to around 3550 years, which may have intruded as a result of a storm event. An OSL age of 12,600 years was obtained from the base of a laminated dune sequence behind the exposed peat deposit, and is significant given a similar age for a previously documented infant burial site in the area. Together these records provide a rare insight into the former wetland landscape and a cultural and scientific link to the drowned coastal plain. A need for more integrative research along this cultural corridor is clear but this preliminary study has demonstrated the value of combining Cultural Knowledge Systems and Western Science, for Tjaltjraak Healthy Country Program and analogous Aboriginal ‘caring for country’ programmes throughout Australia.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"671 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46025375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How much organic carbon have UK lakes stored in the Holocene? A preliminary estimate","authors":"Mengyao Du, V. Jones, M. van Hardenbroek, Louisa Matthews, Kejia Ji","doi":"10.1177/09596836231157062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231157062","url":null,"abstract":"Temperate lake sediments store a substantial amount of organic carbon (OC) over millennia. Despite the importance of quantifying terrestrial carbon budgets for Nature-based Solutions, the long-term accumulation of OC in European temperate lakes is poorly constrained. In this study, we analyzed 30 lake sediment records to generate a preliminary first-order estimate of Holocene OC accumulation rate (OCAR) and OC storage in UK lakes. We also examined the environmental variables that influence OCAR and produced synthesized Holocene records of %OC and z-scores of log-transformed OCAR and sediment accumulation rate (SAR) at 500-year resolution. Based on our estimation, we report an average Holocene OCAR of 7.4 ± 5.5 g C m−2 yr−1 and a Holocene total OC storage of 0.24 ± 0.18 Pg C in UK lakes. Apart from latitude, no relationship was found between the average Holocene OCAR and the various environmental variables (i.e. temperature, precipitation, surface area, catchment area, depth, altitude, and geology type). During the Holocene, OCAR closely resembles variations in SAR, whereas the increase in %OC is likely explained by the warming climate. Early Holocene variations in OCAR were primarily climate-driven. In contrast, the anthropogenic impact on the landscape exerted a predominant influence on OC burial during the middle-late Holocene. Our results improve the current understanding of terrestrial carbon budgets in the UK and demonstrate the under-appreciated importance of lakes as long-term OC stores.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"746 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}