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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute最新文献

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Optimization of a Scintillation Detector for Positron Emission Tomography 优化正电子发射断层扫描的闪烁探测器
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600645
M. V. Belov, M. V. Zavertyaev, V. A. Kozlov, V. S. Tskhay
{"title":"Optimization of a Scintillation Detector for Positron Emission Tomography","authors":"M. V. Belov,&nbsp;M. V. Zavertyaev,&nbsp;V. A. Kozlov,&nbsp;V. S. Tskhay","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600645","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report simulation and resolution evaluation of monolithic position sensitive detectors with different surfaces. The best result was obtained using a combination of rough polishing of the crystal surface and a Teflon wrapper with a resolution in the interaction depth of <i>dZ</i> = 0.89 ± 0.01 mm. The best planar resolution <i>dX</i> = 0.53 ± 0.01 mm is obtained for a finely polished plate with an ESR film. The diffuse reflector also demonstrates an increase in light collection by 33% compared to the specular one.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 7","pages":"268 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generation of Spiral Beams Based on a Linear Combination of Displaced Gaussian Beams 基于位移高斯波束线性组合的螺旋波束的生成
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600256
V. K. Uryupina, K. A. Tselogorodtsev, N. N. Losevsky, E. V. Razueva
{"title":"Generation of Spiral Beams Based on a Linear Combination of Displaced Gaussian Beams","authors":"V. K. Uryupina,&nbsp;K. A. Tselogorodtsev,&nbsp;N. N. Losevsky,&nbsp;E. V. Razueva","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600256","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper demonstrates a method for calculating spiral beams of a given configuration based on a linear combination of displaced Gaussian beams. A new method for generating spiral beams is implemented. The effect of scaling the phase distribution on the quality of the generated light fields is experimentally investigated. The synthesized fields are tested in an experiment on optical manipulation of ensembles of single microparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 7","pages":"250 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ionization Waves Initiating Single-Electrode Breakdown in Long Discharge Tubes 引发长放电管中单电极击穿的电离波
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600268
A. I. Shishpanov, V. V. Zaletov, P. S. Bazhin
{"title":"Ionization Waves Initiating Single-Electrode Breakdown in Long Discharge Tubes","authors":"A. I. Shishpanov,&nbsp;V. V. Zaletov,&nbsp;P. S. Bazhin","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600268","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionization waves (IWs) of positive polarity are studied experimentally in several sealed discharge tubes containing neon at pressures of 0.6‒15 Torr and surrounded with a grounded metal screen. The IWs arise at the stage single-electrode breakdown development at moderate overvoltage conditions, and belong to “slow” ionization waves (velocity of 10<sup>5</sup>‒10<sup>8</sup> cm/s). The wave propagation is accompanied by a monotonic loss of velocity and the electric potential magnitude at the IW front, indicating its significant spatial attenuation. The IWs are studied by recording <i>x</i>‒<i>t</i> diagrams supplemented with measurements of instantaneous velocities, front potentials, and attenuation coefficients at various pressures and applied voltages. An exponential nature of a decrease in the front potential and instantaneous velocity of the IWs with the distance traveled is established. It is found that the scales of the exponential decrease in both quantities do not coincide. The obtained results can be useful in planning experiments on breakdown in long tubes, ionization wave modeling, as well as their technological implementation</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 7","pages":"256 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-Organization of Particles during the Evaporation of Droplets of a Colloidal Solution of a Nanostructure Placed on a Quartz Substrate 置于石英基底上的纳米结构胶体溶液液滴蒸发过程中的颗粒自组织
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600487
I. V. Moryakov, Z. A. Zakletsky, N. G. Gusein-zade, A. M. Anpilov
{"title":"Self-Organization of Particles during the Evaporation of Droplets of a Colloidal Solution of a Nanostructure Placed on a Quartz Substrate","authors":"I. V. Moryakov,&nbsp;Z. A. Zakletsky,&nbsp;N. G. Gusein-zade,&nbsp;A. M. Anpilov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600487","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An experimental study of self-organization processes that arise during evaporation of droplets of a colloidal solution of nanocarbon in ethanol from the surface of quartz glass is presented. The influence of the distilled-water content in the colloidal solution and the temperature gradient on the substrate on the distribution of nanoparticles and their agglomerates over the contact area of the drop with the surface are discussed. The evaporation of a multicomponent droplet is examined and described from the viewpoint of mass transfer by identifying the characteristic mechanisms of fluid motion in the droplet as the main cause of motion of nanocarbon nanoparticles. A detailed analysis of nanolayers and nanoparticle agglomerates deposited by droplet coating is performed, and the optimal conditions in terms of the substrate temperature and the pure-water content are determined, under which the most uniform spatial distribution of nanoparticles over the contact area of the droplet with the substrate is observed, as well as additional regimes with spatially uniform distributions of nanoparticle agglomerates (more than 10 μm).</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"206 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Testing of an Electronic Barometer for Stratospheric Cosmic Ray Radiosondes 开发和测试用于平流层宇宙射线辐射计的电子气压计
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335623602200
A. N. Kvashnin, D. S. Teslenko
{"title":"Development and Testing of an Electronic Barometer for Stratospheric Cosmic Ray Radiosondes","authors":"A. N. Kvashnin,&nbsp;D. S. Teslenko","doi":"10.3103/S1068335623602200","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335623602200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As part of the program for upgrading a stratospheric radiosonde for cosmic rays, an electronic barorelay was developed using modern circuitry elements. This article considers its design and characteristics. The results of test flights with the electronic barorelay and flights with a mechanical barorelay during similar solar activity in 1978 are also compared. According to the results of all tests, it is recommended to use an electronic barorelay in the radiosonde circuit.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"221 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison оf Secondary Nucleation Processes during Diamond Synthesis in Microwave Plasma in H2–CH4–N2 and H2–CH4–NH3 Gas Mixtures 微波等离子体在 H2-CH4-N2 和 H2-CH4-NH3 混合气体中合成金刚石的二次成核过程比较
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S106833562460044X
A. K. Martyanov, I. A. Tyazhelov, A. F. Popovich, V. G. Ralchenko, S. S. Savin, V. S. Sedov
{"title":"Comparison оf Secondary Nucleation Processes during Diamond Synthesis in Microwave Plasma in H2–CH4–N2 and H2–CH4–NH3 Gas Mixtures","authors":"A. K. Martyanov,&nbsp;I. A. Tyazhelov,&nbsp;A. F. Popovich,&nbsp;V. G. Ralchenko,&nbsp;S. S. Savin,&nbsp;V. S. Sedov","doi":"10.3103/S106833562460044X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106833562460044X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the first time, the secondary diamond nucleation processes are compared during the growth of polycrystalline diamond films by the MPCVD method with addition of nitrogen and ammonia. An ammonia molecule (NH<sub>3</sub>) has a lower ionization energy than a nitrogen molecule (N<sub>2</sub>) in microwave plasma. It has been established that when using ammonia, the transition to the nanocrystalline structure of diamond occurs at significantly lower concentrations than when using nitrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"195 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Electric Field in Co-Linear Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment Chamber 共线性脉冲电场 (PEF) 处理室中电场的晶格玻尔兹曼模拟
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600025
Kum-Hae Ham, Kyong-Nam Pae, Kyong-Chol Jang
{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Electric Field in Co-Linear Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment Chamber","authors":"Kum-Hae Ham,&nbsp;Kyong-Nam Pae,&nbsp;Kyong-Chol Jang","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600025","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The treatment efficacy of PEF processing is directly subject to its electric field distribution in the treatment zone. A reliable and efficient model to predict the distribution plays a crucial role for clarifying the treatment mechanism and for improving the treatment effect. A lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) to describe the electric field distribution in a co-linear PEF processing was developed. Based on the assumption that PEF does not cause a time varying magnetic field, the simulation was carried out by using the charge conservation equation. For a two-dimensional LBM, we specified the macroscopic boundary condition for electric potential at high voltage and ground electrodes, and bounce-back boundary condition for electric potential at the insulator. Our model was validated by comparing with previous results based on the finite element method (FEM) for the existing co-linear treatment chambers. We suggested another type of treatment chamber with “holo-elliptical” geometry by which the uniformity of electric field was remarkably improved. Our model encourages further investigation to clear the mechanism of PEF treatment and to design more effective device.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"185 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of Compressed Sampling in Single-Pixel Imaging 单像素成像中的压缩采样优化
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600463
D. V. Sych
{"title":"Optimization of Compressed Sampling in Single-Pixel Imaging","authors":"D. V. Sych","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600463","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Compressed sampling allows to accurately reconstruct a sparse signal even in case of incomplete signal measurements. In this paper, we apply this method to single-pixel imaging and explore the possibilities of image reconstruction by sampling it with an incomplete set of binary light patterns. Using computer simulation, we optimize the image sampling process and find parameters of light patterns such that single-pixel imaging works best.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"202 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Millimetron Observatory Capabilities in Interferometer Mode Using Multifrequency Synthesis 利用多频合成评估毫米波天文台在干涉仪模式下的能力
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600414
A. G. Rudnitskiy, M. A. Shchurov
{"title":"Evaluation of Millimetron Observatory Capabilities in Interferometer Mode Using Multifrequency Synthesis","authors":"A. G. Rudnitskiy,&nbsp;M. A. Shchurov","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600414","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper examines the possibilities of using the multifrequency synthesis method to improve the quality of images obtained by the space-ground very long baseline radio interferometer mode of the Millimetron observatory. Simulation of imaging observations for the close vicinity of the supermassive black hole M87 was carried out. The advantages of multifrequency synthesis compared to single-frequency observations are shown. The requirements and limitations of its applicability to space-ground interferometry with the Millimetron observatory are formulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"214 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Spectrum of Geomagnetic Radio Emission from Extensive Air Showers in a Kinetic Model 论动力学模型中广泛气流的地磁无线电发射频谱
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3103/S1068335624600372
G. A. Gusev, Z. G. Guseva
{"title":"On the Spectrum of Geomagnetic Radio Emission from Extensive Air Showers in a Kinetic Model","authors":"G. A. Gusev,&nbsp;Z. G. Guseva","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624600372","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624600372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geomagnetic radio emission from an extensive atmospheric shower (EAS) is calculated in a kinetic model where, in contrast to previous models, the radiation of each electron and positron of the shower disk is calculated taking into account their spatial distribution in the disk, the disk evolution along the EAS track, energy spectrum and multiple scattering. Radio emission spectra are found at distances of 100 and 800 m from the vertical EAS axis in the frequency range of 40 to 340 MHz with a resolution of 20 MHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 6","pages":"181 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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