Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Addressing the essentials of the recent guidelines for managing patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Dimitrios S Karagiannakis, Katerina Stefanaki, Stavroula A Paschou, Margarita Papatheodoridi, Sotirios Tsiodras, Nikolaos Papanas","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00625-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00625-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation in the Western world, with an approximate prevalence of 30% worldwide which is continuously rising. It is characterized by intrahepatic fat deposition along with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. MASLD consists of a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple liver steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Recently, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) released the latest guidelines regarding the management of patients with MASLD. This article highlights the critical points of these guidelines and emphasizes problematic issues that need further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"487-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in diabetes management: transformative potential, challenges, and opportunities in healthcare.","authors":"Arnabjyoti Deva Sarma, Moitrayee Devi","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00644-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00644-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by ineffective blood sugar regulation, affects millions of people worldwide, with its prevalence projected to more than double in the next 30 years. Diabetes-related complications are severe and sometimes life-threatening, including cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and blindness, this posing a significant challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into diabetes management, emphasizing its transformative potential in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the role of AI in enhancing diabetes management and to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted by analyzing the literature published from January 2020 to May 2024. This review focused on the application of AI in diabetes diagnosis, personalization of treatment, and predictive analytics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ability of AI to analyze large datasets and identify complex patterns shows promise in improving diabetes management. AI-assisted diagnostic tools enhance diagnostic accuracy, enable early detection, and support personalized treatment plans, thereby reducing human error. AI has also facilitated research breakthroughs in genomics and drug discovery. Furthermore, AI-powered predictive analytics enhances clinical decision-making and supports precision medicine. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in such issues as data quality, technical infrastructure, and ethical considerations, emphasizing the need for responsible AI development that focuses on patient privacy and transparency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI has significant potential to revolutionize diabetes management and healthcare delivery. Combining AI's analytical processes with clinical expertise can substantially improve the quality of care. Addressing data, technology, and ethical challenges is crucial for fully harnessing AI's potential, thereby enhancing patient well-being and healthcare outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"307-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Somogyi hypothesis: a parallelism with Michael Somogyi's life.","authors":"Tomás González-Vidal, Jessica Ares-Blanco, Elías Delgado, Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00624-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00624-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Michael Somogyi (Somogyi Mihály, 1883-1971) was a Hungarian biochemist who developed his scientific career in Europe and, primarily, the United States. He gave the name to the eponymous Somogyi effect or Somogyi hypothesis (in short, rebound hyperglycemia after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, particularly nocturnal), which was an axiom in the treatment of diabetes for decades. Although it is currently debated whether the Somogyi hypothesis is a real or relevant phenomenon in patients with diabetes, Somogyi's other significant career achievements are often overlooked. The aim of this historical note is to compile and highlight Michael Somogyi's scientific achievements. Michael Somogyi was a pioneer in the administration of insulin to patients with diabetes in the United States and in devising a method for insulin production. In addition, he highlighted the relevance of diet in patients with diabetes and was one of the first chemists to be integrated into clinical laboratories. There, Somogyi standardized long-lasting biological determinations, such as that of amylase, and he was one of the first scientists to combine basic research (from his training as a biochemist) with clinical research in close collaboration with physicians caring for patients, which is what we know today as translational research. Notably, the trajectory of his scientific career resembles the rebound effect of Somogyi's hypothesis: after reaching a low point of work activity well below his professional qualifications, his effort and tenacity led to the aforementioned achievements, and he became part of the history of hypoglycemia and diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"499-506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of CB1 receptor antagonism on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic health: a systematic review of preclinical studies.","authors":"Newton Kleber de Abreu Júnior, Izabel Fabro Feltrin, Débora Maria Russiano Pereira, Poliana Penasso Bezerra, Aderbal S Aguiar","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00628-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00628-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocannabinoid system (ECS), regulating such processes as energy homeostasis, inflammation, and muscle function, centers around cannabinoid receptors, including CB1. These receptors are mainly located in the central nervous system and skeletal muscles. Hyperactivity of CB1 receptors is linked to metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for muscle hypertrophy and metabolic health. This systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023462735), follows PRISMA-P guidelines and uses the PICO framework. It evaluates the effects of CB1 receptor antagonism on muscle hypertrophy in animal models and cell lines. Interventions include pharmacological antagonists, genetic modifications, and exercise-induced antagonism. A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, supplemented by gray literature and reference lists, yielded 571 references. From these, ten studies were selected, involving 338 rodents, using CB1 antagonists like rimonabant and AM251. The findings suggest that CB1 receptor antagonism enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, reduces body fat, and promotes muscle growth through pathways such as PI3K/Akt and mTOR, as well as by improving autophagy and mitochondrial function. This review proposes CB1 receptor antagonism as a promising approach for enhancing muscle hypertrophy and improving metabolic health, with potential applications in treating such conditions as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and sarcopenia. Future research should aim to standardize intervention protocols and explore integrated therapies to fully harness the benefits of CB1 modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the complex biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin.","authors":"H Mohammed Asif Hussein","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00623-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00623-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"565-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exceptionally rare case of a giant parathyroid adenoma with carcinoma-like presentation.","authors":"Paraskevi Kazakou, Dionysios Vrachnis, Stavroula A Paschou, Konstantinos Nastos, Helen Sarlani, Kanella Kantreva, Katerina Stefanaki, Theodora Psaltopoulou, George Kyriakopoulos, Penelope Korkolopoulou, Katerina Saltiki","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00627-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00627-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and may sometimes mimic parathyroid carcinoma (PC). Parathyroid carcinoma is also a very rare entity. Both preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of the two conditions remains a challenge. The purpose of this article is to present the diagnostic and therapeutic approach used for a 76-year-old female patient with a GPA measuring 5.4 × 2.3 cm, mimicking PC. The patient was referred to our clinic for the management of severe hypercalcemia revealed during the neurological evaluation of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, confusion, weakness, and bone pain. PHPT was confirmed based on the patient's biochemical profile, which showed extremely high levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Wholebody computed tomography revealed a large nodule below the inferior pole of the right lobe of the thyroid gland and no further pathology in other organs. En bloc resection of the tumor with removal of the ipsilateral hemithyroid and other involved tissues was performed. Histopathological evaluation was diagnostic for a GPA. Post-surgery hungry bone syndrome (HBS) developed and was treated. However, the patient succumbed 3 weeks later due to septic shock. GPA is an exceptionally rare endocrine tumor that should be suspected along with PC in patients with significantly elevated levels of PTH and calcium, and/or palpable neck mass. In our case, diagnosis was based principally on histopathological examination together with clinical presentation, biochemical profile, and imaging studies. Resection of the tumor remains the treatment of choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"575-580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turner syndrome: the promise of fertility via stem cell technology.","authors":"Anna Szeliga, Agnieszka Malcher, Olga Niwczyk, Marta Olszewska, Maciej Kurpisz, Blazej Meczekalski, Eli Y Adashi","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00647-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00647-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common female sex chromosome disorder, occurring in one out of every 2500 to 3000 live female births. It is caused by the partial or complete loss of one X chromosome. TS is associated with certain physical and medical features, including short stature, estrogen deficiency, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and congenital heart defects. The majority of women with TS are infertile as a result of gonadal dysgenesis and primary ovarian insufficiency causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Several reproductive options are available for TS patients. The recent use of stem cells (SCs) was found to constitute a promising new alternative in cases of infertility treatment in this group. SCs are undifferentiated cells that exist in embryos, fetuses, and adults and that produce differentiated cells. They can be used in infertility treatment for ovarian regeneration and oocyte generation. However, additional studies scrutinizing their efficiency and safety are needed. In our review, we present reproductive options that are currently available for women with TS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"323-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): a case report and literature review.","authors":"Michelle Bombonato, Guglielmo Beccuti, Andrea Benso, Beatrice Giannone, Silvana Bertaina, Fabio Broglio, Fabio Bioletto","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00632-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00632-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sulfonylureas constitute the standard therapy for patients with HNF1A-MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) but are characterized by an increased risk of hypoglycemia. While SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may potentially represent a useful therapeutic option, data from the literature are scant.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a young woman affected by HNF1A-MODY who was successfully and safely treated with an SGLT2i in addition to sulfonylurea. After SGLT2i initiation, an improvement in the patient's glycemic control was observed and was maintained over time. No adverse effects were noted and, in particular, no increase in ketonemia or ketonuria occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of SGLT2i under controlled circumstances may represent a useful therapeutic option in patients with HNF1A-MODY.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"495-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the thyroid hormone sensitivity index with triglycerides in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shang-An Si, Rui-Ning Lu, Gui-Ju Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42000-025-00645-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-025-00645-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inconsistent findings have emerged from studies examining the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and triglycerides (TGs), especially in pediatric and adolescent cohorts. The present study investigates this relationship within adolescent populations in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data spanning three periods from 2007 to 2012 were analyzed, including 1813 participants. The thyroid hormone sensitivity index was calculated and weighted multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationships between TG levels and individual thyroid hormone sensitivity indices. Subgroup analyses were conducted as needed and smooth curve fitting plots visualized the linear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FT3/FT4 ratio was positively correlated with TG (β = 0.649, 95% CI: 0.360-0.938, P < 0.001). This correlation persisted after adjusting for all variables (β = 0.439, 95% CI: 0.154-0.725, P < 0.01). The relationship between the TFQI score and TG concentration demonstrated a significant negative correlation, which remained after controlling for all covariates (β = -0.153, 95% CI: -0.239-0.067, P < 0.01). When stratified into quartiles, the FT3/FT4 ratio and TG exhibited a positive correlation only in the Q3 and Q4 groups. Conversely, the TFQI was significantly correlated with TG exclusively in the Q4 group's positive values. Stratified analyses by sex and age showed clearer associations in female adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study confirmed the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and TGs. Maintaining the FT3/FT4 ratio within a specific range may reduce TG levels. The TFQI may predict TG levels when actual TSH values exceed expected values based on FT4. These findings were most pronounced in female adolescents, highlighting the importance of early monitoring of thyroid health in this group. These results point to the need for improved thyroid function testing in predicting TG levels and preventing hypertriglyceridemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"377-387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metachronous metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma to the parotid gland: a case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Asterios Antoniou, Dimitris Tatsis, Stavroula Papadopoulou, Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou, Konstantinos Vahtsevanos","doi":"10.1007/s42000-024-00619-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42000-024-00619-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We present a case of metachronous metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma to the parotid gland, this being an extremely rare metastasis, and a literature review.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 56-year-old female patient presented with a history of a slowly growing mass on the left side of the neck. The patient reported a medical history of thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma 23 years previously and neck dissection for lymph node metastases 10 years previously, with additional therapy using radioactive iodine in both cases. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck revealed a single nodular solid mass in the tail of the left parotid gland which showed heterogeneous intake of contrast agent. FNA biopsy of the left parotid gland revealed cells typical of papillary thyroid carcinoma with positive immunochemistry for TTF-1. Due to this new metastasis, a total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was performed and additional therapy with radioactive iodine was administered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the fact that papillary thyroid carcinoma has a low incidence of regional and distant metastases, there are a few rare cases with distant metastases reported in the literature. Thus, awareness, especially among endocrinologists, and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to ensure early detection and efficient treatment of these rare cases, distant metastases being the main cause of mortality and of reduction of overall survival rate among these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50399,"journal":{"name":"Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"367-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}