Paolo Maria Rossini, Luca Rossini, Florinda Ferreri
{"title":"Brain-behavior relations: transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review.","authors":"Paolo Maria Rossini, Luca Rossini, Florinda Ferreri","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, noninvasive brain stimulation methods have been proposed as the next-generation technology to probe and eventually interfere with brain function. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a 20-year-old technique originally introduced to investigate nervous propagation along the corticospinal tract, spinal roots, and peripheral nerves in humans. TMS is extensively used in clinical neurophysiology, including rehabilitation and intraoperative monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microscopic Image Analysis for Life Science Applications (Rittscher, J. et al., Eds.; 2008) [Book Reviews]","authors":"D. Moratal","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935460","url":null,"abstract":"This well-edited, multi-authored (77), 19-chapter book provides an in-depth exploration of issues related to automated image analysis applied to life sciences. This is not an encyclopedic review of the state of the art but a presentation of a wide range of applications, from the detection of signalling events in subcellular structures to the automated analysis of tissue structures, the dynamics of cell populations, or in vivo microscopy.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health-care reform.","authors":"Michael R Neuman","doi":"10.1109/memb.2009.935458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memb.2009.935458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/memb.2009.935458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28758912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomedical engineering and the obesity epidemic: treatments for weight reduction.","authors":"Jesse Jayne Rutherford","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is becoming increasingly common, with at least 400 million obese adults worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) projecting that this statistic will reach 700 million in another five years. Ironically, despite the fact that a majority of adults in developed nations are overweight or obese, society stigmatizes the obese severely. Still, obese people have more than just social motivations for losing weight; obesity commonly goes hand in hand with life-threatening comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer. It severely threatens quality of life, limiting the ability to move and work, navigate public places, and provide care for others and is a factor in musculoskeletal disorders like osteoarthritis. Both obesity and its comorbidities lead obese patients to hospitals at greater rates than patients of normal weight, and these factors, along with social pressures, motivate patients and their physicians to pursue solutions for obesity, its comorbidities, or both.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological Database Modeling (Chen, J. and Sidhhu, A.S.; 2008) [Book Review]","authors":"Zhengwu Lu","doi":"10.1109/memb.2009.935706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memb.2009.935706","url":null,"abstract":"This book is quite extensive, covering basic bioinformatics concepts, biological data modeling techniques, and real-world integration/system interoperability challenges. It is an excellent reference for bioinformatics graduate students, researchers, clinical scientists, clinical data architects, and drug discovery professionals interested in managing postgenome biological data and systems.","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/memb.2009.935706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62475985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The energetics of obesity: a review: monitoring energy intake and energy expenditure in humans.","authors":"Edward S Sazonov, Stephanie Schuckers","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Writing about obesity research is a challenging task. While the rising obesity epidemic drastically raised public awareness of the problem, the causes behind the epidemic are still poorly understood. The etiology of obesity is a subject of ongoing scientific debate with widely varying views and strong opinions. Is it mostly genetic or environmental in nature? Is obesity caused by changes in our diet or changes in lifestyle and physical activity or both? Modern research literature quite often offers conflicting findings. Publications in popular media like the one in Time magazine add to the controversy by making quick and strongly worded summaries of academic research. Although the root causes of obesity remains a topic of active research, this review concentrates on the fundamental components of weight regulation in humans and their relative contribution to the energy equation. A better understanding of the energetics of obesity may provide some insight into the etiology of the obesity epidemic. The energetics of obesity also showcases an engineering challenge: development of techniques to accurately measure individual components of the energy equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of metabolic fuel selection: modeling human metabolism and body-weight change.","authors":"Kevin D Hall","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Casual observation of any magazine rack or browsing the diet section of any bookshop provides convincing evidence that weight loss is of great interest to the U.S. population. Americans spend more than US$30 billion/year on weight-loss products, and the health cost of obesity was recently estimated to be as high as US$147 billion/year. Understanding the development of obesity and how excess weight can be lost requires knowledge of the physiological mechanisms by which the body uses food to provide fuel for metabolism and how the body copes with imbalances between fuel delivery and utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invasive or noninvasive: understanding brain-machine interface technology.","authors":"José del R Millán, Jose M Carmena","doi":"10.1109/memb.2009.935475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memb.2009.935475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/memb.2009.935475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28758909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Presidential Patent [Patents].","authors":"Maurice Klee","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is only one U.S. president who is also a patentee. One might guess that the president is Thomas Jefferson, who invented many things and considered himself to be an inventor. Or, we might guess George Washington whose work as a surveyor and planter, not to mention commander-in-chief of the army, brought him into contact with the latest technology of the 18th century.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29356498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image-guided therapy: evolution and breakthrough.","authors":"Pascal Haigron, Jean-Louis Dillenseger, Limin Luo, Jean-Louis Coatrieux","doi":"10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond the advances made in computer-assisted interventions and robotic systems, the demand for more efficient and safer therapies remains challenging. Thus, if it is possible to improve the instrument tracking, steering, and target localization, to miniaturize the sensors and actuators, and to conduct preoperatively planned minimally invasive therapies, we still need new resources to achieve permanent destruction of abnormal tissues or suppression of pathological processes. Most of the physics-based (or energy-based) therapeutic principles at our disposal have been established a long time ago, but their actions on basic cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. They all have a wide spectrum of clinical targets in terms of organs and pathologies, modes of application (external, interstitial, intraluminal, etc.) with advantages and side-effect drawbacks, proven indications, and contraindications. Some of them may still face controversies regarding their outcomes. This short article, mainly focused on tumor destruction, briefly reviews in its first part some of these techniques and sketches the next generation under investigation. The former include radio frequency (RF), high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU), microwaves, and cryotherapy, of which all are temperature based. Laser-based approaches [e.g., photodynamic therapy (PDT) at large] are also discussed. Radiotherapy and its variants (hadrontherapy, brachytherapy, Gamma Knife, and CyberKnife) remain, of course, as the reference technique in cancer treatment. The next breakthroughs are examined in the second part of the article. They are based on the close association between imaging agents, drugs, and some stimulation techniques. The ongoing research efforts in that direction show that, if they are still far from clinical applications, strong expectations are made. From the point of view of interventional planning and image guidance, all of them share a lot of concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50391,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MEMB.2009.935459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28731694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}