Biochar Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3

Yajie Gao, Yuan Gao, Aimin Li

{"title":"Effect mechanism of H3PO4 on the formation and transformation of persistent free radicals in biochar","authors":"Yajie Gao, Yuan Gao, Aimin Li","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00405-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Persistent free radicals (PFRs) in biochar have attracted wide attention due to their multifaceted roles in the environment. The regulation of PFRs in biochar is not only beneficial to broaden its application potential, but also eliminates its environmental risks. However, as a common biochar modification reagent, phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) has not been studied in the field of PFRs regulation. Herein, this study systematically investigated the effect of H 3 PO 4 on PFRs in biochar under various conditions. The results indicated that H 3 PO 4 promoted the formation of PFRs in biochar at low pyrolysis temperature (< 500 °C), owing to the positive effect of catalytic cross-linking on the degradation of biomass precursor. Yet, H 3 PO 4 reduced PFRs in biochar at high pyrolysis temperature (≥ 500 °C), since the capture of H∙ or HO∙ by PO∙ and the steric hindrance changed by H 3 PO 4 , which caused the rearrangement and polycondensation of carbon structure. H 3 PO 4 also favored carbon-centered PFRs as the dominant type. The ingredients of biomass precursor, including cellulose, Fe, Ti, protein, etc., contributed to different effects on PFRs under H 3 PO 4 modification. This study provided new insights into the roles of H 3 PO 4 on the formation and transformation of PFRs in biochar, coupled with regulation strategies in the practical application. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":503893,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Collaborative modification strategy to improve the formation of biochar-derived persistent free radicals for aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate activation 协同改性策略：通过过氧单硫酸盐活化改善生物炭衍生的持久性自由基的形成，以去除苯胺

Biochar Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00416-0

Zilong Zhao, Shuting Zhu, Shuyu Qi, Ting Zhou, Yang Yang, Feng Wang, Qi Han, Wenyi Dong, Hongjie Wang, Feiyun Sun

{"title":"Collaborative modification strategy to improve the formation of biochar-derived persistent free radicals for aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"Zilong Zhao, Shuting Zhu, Shuyu Qi, Ting Zhou, Yang Yang, Feng Wang, Qi Han, Wenyi Dong, Hongjie Wang, Feiyun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00416-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00416-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores a novel approach to biochar modification aimed at increasing persistent free radical (PFR) formation on biochar surfaces, thereby enhancing aniline removal via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. By adjusting pyrolysis temperatures and doping ratios, optimal conditions were established. Spearman's analysis highlighted the importance of C=C bonds, the I D /I G ratio, and pyridinic N in generating PFRs. The modified biochar derived at 500 ℃ (MB500), in conjunction with the PMS system demonstrated impressive efficiency, achieving 92% aniline removal within 30 min. Detailed adsorption tests and active species detection indicated that aniline degradation occurred through both direct oxidation by PFRs and indirect oxidation by reactive species, particularly superoxide radicals (O₂⋅⁻). Furthermore, the synergistic effects of heteroatom nitrogen and Na 2 CO 3 modifications significantly impacted PFR formation and stability. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of PFR-mediated catalytic oxidation, highlighting the key roles of pyridinic rings, with or without oxygenated groups, in enhancing catalytic performance of biochar. This research advances the understanding of biochar surface chemistry and presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance biochar-based catalysts for environmental remediation, addressing the limitations of unmodified biochar through targeted surface modifications. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":503893,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-024-00416-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Biochar application to soils can regulate soil phosphorus availability: a review 生物炭对土壤磷有效性的调控研究进展

Biochar Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00415-1

Lixin Zhang, Lei Chang, Huijia Liu, María de Jesús Puy Alquiza, Yuefen Li

{"title":"Biochar application to soils can regulate soil phosphorus availability: a review","authors":"Lixin Zhang, Lei Chang, Huijia Liu, María de Jesús Puy Alquiza, Yuefen Li","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00415-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00415-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phosphorus (P) is essential for basic natural processes and can limit the productivity of entire ecosystems. However, agricultural lands worldwide currently suffer from P deficiency. The application of P fertilizers is not only poorly utilized, but also results in the gradual accumulation of P. Biochar, a substance produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen levels, is frequently used as a soil amendment. It provides P in a form that is readily available for plant uptake, and thus addresses both short- and long-term soil P deficiencies. In this paper, we systematically reviewed relevant studies on “biochar and soil” or “biochar and soil P” published in the past decade (2013–2023). A synthesis of the reported results revealed that analyzing the effect of biochar on soil P through changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities has gradually emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential effects of biochar addition on soil P availability, including the clarification of the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that although biochar application generally exerts a positive effect on soil P availability, there are differences in the extent of effects based on application conditions. Shifting to mechanisms, biochar application not only directly increases the available phosphorus (AP) content of soil, but also indirectly influences soil P availability via changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. To summarize, biochar application can affect soil P availability to different degrees through direct or indirect pathways. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":503893,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-024-00415-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Biomaterial-derived porous carbon doped with heteroatoms as a separator coating for high-energy–density Zn-I batteries 掺杂杂原子的生物材料衍生多孔碳作为高能量密度Zn-I电池的隔膜涂层

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00399-y

Shanshuai Chen, Liu Tian, Xiaoqiang Feng, Huanyu Bao, Hongliang Wang

{"title":"Biomaterial-derived porous carbon doped with heteroatoms as a separator coating for high-energy–density Zn-I batteries","authors":"Shanshuai Chen, Liu Tian, Xiaoqiang Feng, Huanyu Bao, Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00399-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00399-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chitin and phytic acid are abundant sustainable resources commonly found in shrimp shells, crab shells, and various plants. However, they are underutilized, and their biomass value is frequently underestimated. To address this, the current study developed a strategy to synthesize efficient separator coatings for zinc-iodine (Zn-I) batteries using chitin and phytic acid as carbon sources (biochar). First, nanosheets of porous carbon doped with N and P (NP-PC), featuring multiple active sites, are synthesized through in situ carbonization of chitin and phytic acid. Subsequently, the synthesized materials are coated onto the surfaces of glass fiber (GF) separators, effectively addressing several persistent challenges associated with Zn-I batteries. Notably, the modified separator (NP-PC@GF) enhanced the rapid-discharge capability of the involved battery, effectively inhibited the diffusion of intermediate polyiodide species, stabilized the electrolyte interface, suppressed irreversible dendrite formation, and increased I utilization efficiency. Consequently, the battery demonstrated high electrochemical performance, with an initial capacity of 7.8 mAh cm –2 at 20 mA cm –2 , an initial specific capacity of 8.9 mAh cm –2 under high I loading, and a retention rate of 56% (5.1 mAh cm –2 ) at the 174th cycle. Overall, this research demonstrates the effective use of biochar for separator modification, facilitating the development of high-performance Zn-I batteries. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":503893,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-024-00399-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Preparation of nano Cu-Mo2C interface supported on ordered mesoporous biochar of ultrahigh surface area for reverse water gas shift reaction 超高表面积有序介孔生物炭负载纳米Cu-Mo2C界面的制备及反水气转换反应

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00392-5

Xueyuan Pan, Hao Sun, Mingzhe Ma, Haiquan Liao, Guowu Zhan, Kui Wang, Mengmeng Fan, Jingcheng Xu, Linfei Ding, Kang Sun, Jianchun Jiang

{"title":"Preparation of nano Cu-Mo2C interface supported on ordered mesoporous biochar of ultrahigh surface area for reverse water gas shift reaction","authors":"Xueyuan Pan, Hao Sun, Mingzhe Ma, Haiquan Liao, Guowu Zhan, Kui Wang, Mengmeng Fan, Jingcheng Xu, Linfei Ding, Kang Sun, Jianchun Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00392-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00392-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High conversion rate and selectivity are challenges for CO 2 utilization through catalytic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Herein, a novel mesoporous biochar (MB) supported Cu-Mo 2 C nano-interface was prepared by consecutive physical activation of coconut shells followed by carbothermal hydrogen reduction of bimetal. As compared with traditional carbon materials, this MB exhibited ultra-high specific surface area (2693 m 2 g –1 ) and mesopore volume of mesopore (0.81 cm 3 g –1 ) with a narrow distribution (2–5 nm), responsible for the high dispersion of binary Cu-Mo 2 C sites, CO 2 adsorption and mass transfer in the reaction system. Moderate carbothermal reduction led to the sufficient reduction of Mo ion with carbon matrix of MB and dispersive growth of nano Cu-Mo 2 C binary sites (~ 6.1 nm) on the surface of MB. Cu + species were formed from Cu 0 via electron transfer and showed high dispersion with simultaneous boosted bimetal loading due to the strong interaction between nano Mo 2 C and Cu. These were advantageous to the intrinsic activity and stability of the Cu-Mo 2 C binary sites and their accessibility to the reactant molecules. Under the RWGS reaction conditions of 500 °C, atmospheric pressure, and 300,000 ml/g/h gas hour space velocity, the CO 2 conversion rate over Cu-Mo 2 C/MB reached 27.74 × 10 –5 mol CO2 /g cat /s at very low H 2 partial pressure, which was more than twice that over traditional carbon supported Cu-Mo 2 C catalysts. In addition, this catalyst exhibited 99.08% CO selectivity and high stability for more than 50 h without a decrease in activity and selectivity. This study offers a new development strategy and a promising candidate for industrial RWGS. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":503893,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42773-024-00392-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Unravelling superior photodegradation ability and key photoactive structures of hydrochar particle to typical emerging contaminant than corresponding bulk hydrochar from food waste 揭示水碳颗粒对典型新出现污染物的光降解能力和关键光活性结构优于相应的厨余散装水碳

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00361-y

Wenjing Guo, Zhiyong Zhang, Yanfang Feng, Guodong Fang, Shiying He, Shaopeng Rong

引用次数: 0

Green supercapacitor patterned by synthesizing MnO/laser-induced-graphene hetero-nanostructures on wood via femtosecond laser pulses 通过飞秒激光脉冲在木材上合成氧化锰/激光诱导石墨烯异质纳米结构图案化的绿色超级电容器

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00320-7

Young-Ryeul Kim, Han-Ku Nam, Younggeun Lee, Dongwook Yang, Truong‐Son Dinh Le, Seung-Woo Kim, Sangbaek Park, Young‐Jin Kim

引用次数: 0

Biochar impacts on soil water dynamics: knowns, unknowns, and research directions 生物碳对土壤水动态的影响：已知、未知和研究方向

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00323-4

Bharat Sharma Acharya, S. Dodla, Jim J. Wang, K. Pavuluri, M. Darapuneni, Sanku Dattamudi, B. Maharjan, G. Kharel