Evolutionary Human Sciences最新文献

Climate, Climate Change and the Global Diversity of Human Houses 气候、气候变化与全球人类住宅的多样性

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.5

Robert R. Dunn, K. Kirby, Claire Bowern, C. Ember, Russell D. Gray, J. McCarter, Patrick H. Kavanagh, Michelle Trautwein, Lauren M. Nichols, M. Gavin, Carlos A Botero

{"title":"Climate, Climate Change and the Global Diversity of Human Houses","authors":"Robert R. Dunn, K. Kirby, Claire Bowern, C. Ember, Russell D. Gray, J. McCarter, Patrick H. Kavanagh, Michelle Trautwein, Lauren M. Nichols, M. Gavin, Carlos A Botero","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Globally, human house types are diverse, varying in shape, size, roof type, building materials, arrangement, decoration, and many other features. Here we offer the first rigorous, global evaluation of the factors that influence the construction of traditional (vernacular) houses. We apply macroecological approaches to analyze data describing house features from 1900 to 1950 across 1000 societies. Geographic, social and linguistic descriptors for each society were used to test the extent to which key architectural features may be explained by the biophysical environment, social traits, house features of neighbouring societies, or cultural history. We find strong evidence that some aspects of the climate shape house architecture, including floor height, wall material, and roof shape. Other features, particularly ground plan, appear to also be influenced by social attributes of societies, such as whether a society is nomadic, polygynous, or politically complex. Additional variation in all house features was predicted both by the practices of neighboring societies and by a society's language family. Collectively, the findings from our analyses suggest those conditions under which traditional houses offer solutions to architects seeking to reimagine houses in light of warmer, wetter or more variable climates.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formalising prestige bias: Differences between models with first-order and second-order cues 声望偏差的形式化：一阶线索模型与二阶线索模型的区别

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.12

Seiya Nakata, Akira Masumi, Genta Toya

{"title":"Formalising prestige bias: Differences between models with first-order and second-order cues","authors":"Seiya Nakata, Akira Masumi, Genta Toya","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge and behaviour are transmitted from one individual to another through social learning and eventually disseminated across the population. People often learn useful behaviours socially through selective bias rather than random selection of targets. Prestige bias, or the tendency to selectively imitate prestigious individuals, has been considered an important factor in influencing human behaviour. Although its importance in human society and culture has been recognised, the formulation of prestige bias is less developed than that of other social learning biases. To examine the effects of prestige bias on cultural evolution theoretically, it is imperative to formulate prestige and investigate its basic properties. We reviewed two definitions: one based on first-order cues, such as the demonstrator's appearance and job title, and the other based on second-order cues, such as people's behaviour towards the demonstrator (e.g. people increasingly pay attention to prestigious individuals). This study builds a computational model of prestige bias based on these two definitions and compares the cultural evolutionary dynamics they generate. Our models demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between the two types of formalisation, because they can have different influences on cultural evolution.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"1 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolating a culture of son preference among Armenian, Georgian, and Azeri Parents in Soviet-era Russia 隔离苏联时期俄罗斯亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚和阿塞拜疆父母的重男轻女文化

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.9

Matthias Schief, Sonja Vogt, E. Churilova, Charles Efferson

{"title":"Isolating a culture of son preference among Armenian, Georgian, and Azeri Parents in Soviet-era Russia","authors":"Matthias Schief, Sonja Vogt, E. Churilova, Charles Efferson","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A basic hypothesis is that cultural evolutionary processes sustain differences between groups, these differences have evolutionary relevance, and they would not otherwise occur in a system without cultural transmission. The empirical challenge is that groups vary for many reasons, and isolating the causal effects of culture often requires appropriate data and a quasi-experimental approach to analysis. We address this challenge with historical data from the final Soviet census of 1989, and our analysis is an example of the epidemiological approach to identifying cultural variation. We find that the fertility decisions of Armenian, Georgian, and Azeri parents living in Soviet-era Russia were significantly more son-biased than those of other ethnic groups in Russia. This bias for sons took the form of differential stopping rules; families with sons stopped having chil- dren sooner than families without sons. This finding suggests that the increase in sex ratios at birth in the Caucasus, which began in the 1990s, reflects a cul- tural preference for sons that predates the end of the Soviet Union. This result also supports one of the key hypotheses of gene-culture coevolution, namely that cultural evolutionary processes can support group-level differences in selection pressures that would not otherwise occur in a system without culture.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hunter-gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues 狩猎采集者遗传学研究：重要性和途径

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.7

Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias, Inez Derkx

{"title":"Hunter-gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues","authors":"Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias, Inez Derkx","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Major developments in the field of genetics in the past few decades have revolutionised notions of what it means to be human. Although currently only a few populations around the world practise a hunting and gathering lifestyle, this mode of subsistence has characterised members of our species since its very origins and allowed us to migrate across the planet. Therefore, the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer populations, dependence on local ecosystems, and connections to past populations and neighbouring groups has provided unique insights into our evolutionary origins. However, given the vulnerable status of hunter-gatherers worldwide, the development of the field of anthropological genetics requires that we reevaluate how we conduct research with these communities. Here, we review how the inclusion of hunter-gatherer populations in genetics studies has advanced our understanding of human origins, ancient population migrations and interactions as well as phenotypic adaptations and adaptability to different environments, and the important scientific and medical applications of these advancements. At the same time, we highlight the necessity to address yet unresolved questions and identify areas in which the field may benefit from improvements.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hunter-gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues 狩猎采集者遗传学研究：重要性和途径

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.7

Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias, Inez Derkx

{"title":"Hunter-gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues","authors":"Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias, Inez Derkx","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Major developments in the field of genetics in the past few decades have revolutionised notions of what it means to be human. Although currently only a few populations around the world practise a hunting and gathering lifestyle, this mode of subsistence has characterised members of our species since its very origins and allowed us to migrate across the planet. Therefore, the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer populations, dependence on local ecosystems, and connections to past populations and neighbouring groups has provided unique insights into our evolutionary origins. However, given the vulnerable status of hunter-gatherers worldwide, the development of the field of anthropological genetics requires that we reevaluate how we conduct research with these communities. Here, we review how the inclusion of hunter-gatherer populations in genetics studies has advanced our understanding of human origins, ancient population migrations and interactions as well as phenotypic adaptations and adaptability to different environments, and the important scientific and medical applications of these advancements. At the same time, we highlight the necessity to address yet unresolved questions and identify areas in which the field may benefit from improvements.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural Evolution: A Review of Theoretical Challenges 文化进化：理论挑战综述

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.2

Ryan Nichols, Mathieu Charbonneau, Azita Chellappoo, Taylor Davis, Miriam Haidle, Erik O. Kimbrough, Henrike Moll, Richard Moore, Thom Scott-Philips, B. Purzycki, José Segovia-Martín

{"title":"Cultural Evolution: A Review of Theoretical Challenges","authors":"Ryan Nichols, Mathieu Charbonneau, Azita Chellappoo, Taylor Davis, Miriam Haidle, Erik O. Kimbrough, Henrike Moll, Richard Moore, Thom Scott-Philips, B. Purzycki, José Segovia-Martín","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of cultural evolutionary science, its expansion into numerous fields, its use of diverse methods, and several conceptual problems have outpaced corollary developments in theory and philosophy of science. This has led to concern, exemplified in results from a recent survey conducted with members of the Cultural Evolution Society, that the field lacks ‘knowledge synthesis’, is poorly supported by ‘theory’, has an ambiguous relation to biological evolution, and uses key terms (e.g. ‘culture’, ‘social learning’, ‘cumulative culture’) in ways that hamper operationalization in models, experiments, and field studies. Though numerous review papers in the field represent and categorize its empirical findings, the field's theoretical challenges receive less critical attention even though challenges of a theoretical or conceptual nature underlie most of the problems identified by Cultural Evolution Society members. Guided by the heterogeneous ‘grand challenges’ emergent in this survey, this paper restates those challenges and adopts an organizational style requisite to discussion of them. The paper's goal is to contribute to increasing conceptual clarity and theoretical discernment around the most pressing challenges facing the field of cultural evolutionary science. It will be of most interest to cultural evolutionary scientists, theoreticians, philosophers of science, and interdisciplinary researchers.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural Evolution: A Review of Theoretical Challenges 文化进化：理论挑战综述

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.2

Ryan Nichols, Mathieu Charbonneau, Azita Chellappoo, Taylor Davis, Miriam Haidle, Erik O. Kimbrough, Henrike Moll, Richard Moore, Thom Scott-Philips, B. Purzycki, José Segovia-Martín

{"title":"Cultural Evolution: A Review of Theoretical Challenges","authors":"Ryan Nichols, Mathieu Charbonneau, Azita Chellappoo, Taylor Davis, Miriam Haidle, Erik O. Kimbrough, Henrike Moll, Richard Moore, Thom Scott-Philips, B. Purzycki, José Segovia-Martín","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2024.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of cultural evolutionary science, its expansion into numerous fields, its use of diverse methods, and several conceptual problems have outpaced corollary developments in theory and philosophy of science. This has led to concern, exemplified in results from a recent survey conducted with members of the Cultural Evolution Society, that the field lacks ‘knowledge synthesis’, is poorly supported by ‘theory’, has an ambiguous relation to biological evolution, and uses key terms (e.g. ‘culture’, ‘social learning’, ‘cumulative culture’) in ways that hamper operationalization in models, experiments, and field studies. Though numerous review papers in the field represent and categorize its empirical findings, the field's theoretical challenges receive less critical attention even though challenges of a theoretical or conceptual nature underlie most of the problems identified by Cultural Evolution Society members. Guided by the heterogeneous ‘grand challenges’ emergent in this survey, this paper restates those challenges and adopts an organizational style requisite to discussion of them. The paper's goal is to contribute to increasing conceptual clarity and theoretical discernment around the most pressing challenges facing the field of cultural evolutionary science. It will be of most interest to cultural evolutionary scientists, theoreticians, philosophers of science, and interdisciplinary researchers.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Better-than-chance prediction of cooperative behaviour from first and second impressions 从第一印象和第二印象预测合作行为的机会大于风险

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.30

Eric Schniter, Timothy W. Shields

{"title":"Better-than-chance prediction of cooperative behaviour from first and second impressions","authors":"Eric Schniter, Timothy W. Shields","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract Could cooperation among strangers be facilitated by adaptations that use sparse information to accurately predict cooperative behaviour? We hypothesise that predictions are influenced by beliefs, descriptions, appearance and behavioural history available for first and second impressions. We also hypothesise that predictions improve when more information is available. We conducted a two-part study. First, we recorded thin-slice videos of university students just before their choices in a repeated Prisoner's Dilemma with matched partners. Second, a worldwide sample of raters evaluated each player using videos, photos, only gender labels or neither images nor labels. Raters guessed players’ first-round Prisoner's Dilemma choices and then their second-round choices after reviewing first-round behavioural histories. Our design allows us to investigate incremental effects of gender, appearance and behavioural history gleaned during first and second impressions. Predictions become more accurate and better-than-chance when gender, appearance or behavioural history is added. However, these effects are not incrementally cumulative. Predictions from treatments showing player appearance were no more accurate than those from treatments revealing gender labels and predictions from videos were no more accurate than those from photos. These results demonstrate how people accurately predict cooperation under sparse information conditions, helping explain why conditional cooperation is common among strangers.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geography is not destiny: A quantitative test of Diamond's axis of orientation hypothesis 地理并非命运：戴蒙德定向轴假设的定量检验

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.34

A. Chira, Russell D. Gray, Carlos A. Botero

{"title":"Geography is not destiny: A quantitative test of Diamond's axis of orientation hypothesis","authors":"A. Chira, Russell D. Gray, Carlos A. Botero","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Jared Diamond suggested that the unique East-West orientation of Eurasia facilitated the spread of cultural innovations and gave it substantial political, technological, and military advantages over other continental regions. This controversial hypothesis assumes that innovations can spread more easily across similar habitats, and that environments tend to be more homogeneous at similar latitudes. The resulting prediction is that Eurasia is home to environmentally homogenous corridors that enable fast cultural transmission. Despite indirect evidence supporting Diamond's influential hypothesis, quantitative tests of its underlying assumptions are currently lacking. Here we address this critical gap by leveraging ecological, cultural, and linguistic datasets at a global scale. Our analyses show that although societies that share similar ecologies are more likely to share cultural traits, the Eurasian continent is not significantly more ecologically homogeneous than other continental regions. Our findings highlight the perils of single factor explanations and remind us that even the most compelling ideas must be thoroughly tested to gain a solid understanding of the complex history of our species.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grandmother Effects Over the Finnish Demographic Transition 芬兰人口结构转型期的祖母效应

Evolutionary Human Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.36

S. Chapman, V. Lummaa

{"title":"Grandmother Effects Over the Finnish Demographic Transition","authors":"S. Chapman, V. Lummaa","doi":"10.1017/ehs.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Demographic transitions are defining events for human societies, marking shifts from natural mortality and fertility rates to the low rates seen in industrialised populations. These transitions can affect trait evolution through altering the direction and strength of selection when variance in fertility and mortality decline. One key feature of human evolution is the evolution of extended post-reproductive life through indirect fitness benefits from grandmothering. Although studies in pre- and post-transition societies have documented beneficial grandmother presence, it remains unknown whether these associations changed before, during, or after the transition. Here, we use genealogical data from 18th-20th century Finland to show grandmother-associated changes of two measures of evolutionary fitness (grandchild survival and birth rate) over the transition. We find grandmothers had greater opportunity to help as the transition progressed, but their effect on grandchild survival declined alongside general mortality rates, implying that selection on lifespan from grandmothering declined too. Whilst grandmother presence was still associated with reduced birth intervals and hence more grandchildren born post-transition, the nature of this relationship changed greatly. This suggests that though potential for intergenerational interactions increased over the demographic transition, the (hypothesised) evolutionary importance of these interactions declined, which reduced selection for extended post-reproductive lifespan.","PeriodicalId":503750,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Human Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0