Retos最新文献

{"title":"The influence of set speed on the attack efficacy of the outside hitter in elite male volleyball","authors":"Ricardo Franco Lima, Catarina Morais, Gonçalo Arezes, Rui Resende","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.106939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106939","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was twofold: a) to analyze if the set speed can predict the attack efficacy of the outside hitter; and b) if the team level is a predictor of set speed and attack efficacy. A total of 32 games of elite competitions were observed, and 260 attack actions performed by the outside hitters from six national teams were analyzed throughout the Kinovea Software. Independent-sample t-tests were conducted and, when differences between groups were significant (i.e., p < .050), those variables were included in the model as covariates. Additionally, to analyze the predictor variables of efficacy, logistic binary regression and linear regression were used. Results showed that the better the reception, the higher the set speed; however, neither the set speed nor the team level predict the attack efficacy. Thus, it can be concluded that the individual performance of the outside hitter should be developed instead the set speed. Notwithstanding, to increase the speed of the game, teams should improve the receptor efficacy. It is important for teams to find a set speed that balances the benefit of a faster set with the need for control and accuracy from the outside hitter.\u0000Keywords: Volleyball; sports performance; kinovea software; side-out phase; game model.","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of spiritual ıntelligence levels of active football players","authors":"O. Yüksel, Sief Addeen Ra’ed Alkafaween, Orhan Demir, Aygül Oruç, Nergiz Erdem, Kakha Shamatava, Piyami Çakto, Ayla Karakullukçu","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.107084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107084","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to examine the spiritual intelligence levels of active soccer players according to various variables. A survey model was used in this quantitative study. The study group consisted of 517 football players actively playing football in the 1st Amateur League, Super Amateur League and Regional Amateur League. Snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to collect the data. The first part of the measurement tool, which consists of two parts, includes questions prepared for the demographic information of the participants. The second part includes the \"Spiritual Intelligence Scale\" adapted into Turkish by Erduran-Tekin & Ekşi (2019). Independent sample test (T-test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the data obtained. According to the results of the data analysis, Welch values were taken into consideration depending on the homogeneity assumption of the data and Tukey test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as a second level test. The total score and sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence differ statistically according to marital status, age, occupation, economic income and practicing sports. The fact that football players tell the problems they experience to the people around them (family members), the maturity that occurs in individuals with the advancement of age, the assurance and personal rights they have in the profession, having an economic income that they can feel comfortable and doing sports increase the level of spiritual intelligence.\u0000Keywords: Active sports participation, football, spiritual intelligence, 1st amateur league, 2nd amateur league, regional amateur league.","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endurance training and physiological variables: effects on sub-elite volleyball players","authors":"Francesca Latino, Rosabel Martinez-Roig, Nugroho Susanto, Hendra Setyawan, Khoiril Anam, Emma Saraiello, Domenico Tafuri, Francesco Tafuri","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.107636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107636","url":null,"abstract":"Volleyball is perceived as a physically demanding sport that involves rapid changes in speed, deceleration, and abrupt alterations in movement direction. It has been emphasized that physiological attributes such as VO2max, PIF, PEF, and FVC play a crucial role in the athletic performance of individuals participating in dynamic sports, aiding them in effectively managing critical situations. Hence, the aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of endurance training on physiological parameters among volleyball athletes. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 24 male players (mean age 21,58; SD±2,46 years). The assessment of physiological characteristics involved the utilization of a dry spirometer for VO2max measurement and the Multistage Fitness Test for assessing PIF, PEF, and FVC. A two-way Anova analysis was executed to ascertain any disparities in physiological parameters from pre-test to post-test. The results indicated notable variances in physiological traits (VO2max, PIF, PEF, and FVC) among volleyball participants following the implementation of the Tabata intervention regimen. These metrics are instrumental in enhancing physiological capabilities to attain superior athletic performances. When designing training regimens, it is imperative to consider physiological functional elements aligned with the specific demands of the sport.\u0000Key words. VO2max; physiology; sport; exercise; Tabata training.","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has the pandemic changed soccer training methodologies?","authors":"Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, José Luís García-Soidán, Rubén Navarro-Patón","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.107042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107042","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The covid-19 pandemic affected the world of sports very directly. This forced the coaching staffs of the different clubs to reinvent themselves in their training processes in order to avoid the loss of sports performance of their squads, adapting their training methodologies to the conditions that prevailed at all times. Therefore, the objective of this research has been to find out if there are changes in the training and planning modes of soccer coaches during and after the pandemic. Methods: For this work, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample made up of 517 coaches from different divisions and nationalities. To characterize the sample, descriptive measures were used and Pearson's chi-square was used to study whether there is a relationship between the variables studied. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 12 (StataCorp., United States) and statistical significance was always established at a p value < 0.05. Results: The results of this study indicated that, regardless of the division in which they developed their profession, the coaches were forced to make methodological changes and substantial modifications in the planning of the sessions. They avoided contact exercises and focused on tactical and psychological aspects during and since the pandemic. Conclusion: The results of this study can be very useful for future technical bodies when it comes to distributing training and workload.\u0000Keywords: soccer; methodology; training; coaches; pandemic; COVID-19","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictores motivacionales de autoestima en el juego del recreo: análisis en función de curso y género (Motivational predictors of self-esteem in recess play: grade and gender analysis)","authors":"A. Méndez-Giménez, Iván García-Rodríguez","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.105457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105457","url":null,"abstract":"La investigación sobre los procesos motivacionales y el bienestar de los escolares en el juego de recreo es escasa. Este estudio se propuso: a) examinar las diferencias relativas al curso y género en las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB), las regulaciones motivacionales, el índice de autodeterminación (IAD) y la autoestima global de los escolares en el juego de recreo, y b) estudiar las relaciones entre las variables a estudio y el valor predictivo de las NPB y el IAD en la autoestima según género. Participaron 446 escolares (M = 10.02; DE = 1.41) de 3º a 6º de primaria. Se realizaron un MANOVA, análisis univariados, correlaciones bivariadas y análisis de regresión jerárquico. Los resultados mostraron un descenso significativo en motivación intrínseca, regulación introyectada, regulación externa y desmotivación, así como un aumento del IAD en función del curso. Autonomía, relación y novedad fueron los principales predictores de la autoestima para los niños (26.8% de varianza), mientras que relación, competencia e IAD lo fueron para las niñas (34.6%). Los resultados apoyan el potencial del juego de recreo para proporcionar bienestar psicológico desde la teoría de la autodeterminación. Se discuten implicaciones para el diseño de intervenciones atendiendo a las diferencias de curso y género.\u0000Palabras clave: motivación autodeterminada, emoción, bienestar, juego, recreo.\u0000Abstract. Research on schoolchildren's motivational processes and well-being in recess play is scarce. This study aimed to: a) examine grade- and gender-related differences in the basic psychological needs (BPN), motivational regulations, self-determination index (SDI), and self-esteem among schoolchildren involved in recess play, b) to study the relationships between the variables under study, as well as the predictive value of BPN and SDI in self-esteem by gender. A total of 446 schoolchildren (M = 10.02; SD = 1.41) from 3rd to 6th grade of primary education participated. A MANOVA, univariate analyses, bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression analy-ses were performed. Grade-specific results showed a significant decrease in intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation, external regulation and amotivation, and an increase in SDI. Autonomy, relatedness and novelty were the main predictors of self-esteem for boys (explaining 26.8% of variance) while relatedness, competence and SDI were the main predictors of self-esteem for girls (34.6% of variance). Results support the potential of recess to provide psychological well-being to schoolchildren from self-determination theory. Implications for the design of grade- and gender-sensitive interventions are discussed.\u0000Keywords: self-determined motivation, emotion, well-being, play, recess.","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":"129 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecuación para el control de la carga de entrenamiento con datos de GPS en fútbol de alto rendimiento (Equation for player load control of training with GPS in a high-performance soccer)","authors":"S. Urrutia, Álvaro Cappuccio, A. González-Ramírez","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.106632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106632","url":null,"abstract":"Introducción: el control de la carga durante la competición y el entrenamiento se hace imprescindible para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento en futbolistas, ayudando a disminuir el riesgo de lesión. La carga externa está determinada por la relación entre volumen e intensidad. El volumen es el total de esfuerzos realizados en una actividad y la intensidad es el nivel de esfuerzos por unidad de tiempo. Objetivo: analizar las variables propuestas en una ecuación para el control de la carga externa y las variaciones que se producen en función de la selección de sus valores de referencia. Sujetos: diecinueve jugadores sub23 de alto nivel (22,5 ± 1,8 años). Método: Se analizaron un total 77 registros de 11 partidos oficiales del circuito olímpico. La carga externa fue calculada con valores de volumen e intensidad en base a los parámetros distancia total (TD), distancia a altas intensidades (HID), número de aceleraciones y deceleraciones (AcDc) y número de esprints (Nsp). Los factores de la ecuación con referencias generales e individuales fueron comparados. Resultados: El cálculo de la carga externa total a partir de valores generales fue significativamente menor que con valores individuales (73,7±16,5 vs. 82,4±13,5), al igual que el volumen (71,5±15,6 vs. 81,6±13,4) y la intensidad (74,8±17,2 vs. 81,8±13,5). Conclusiones: se observaron importantes diferencias en función de los valores de referencia considerados. Los valores generales pueden ser óptimos a la hora de querer subir el nivel grupal y comparar jugadores, pero la individualización es imprescindible para el correcto control y ajuste de las cargas.\u0000 Palabras claves: Entrenamiento de fútbol, sprint, carga externa, monitorización de la carga.\u0000Abstract. Background: load management during competition and training is essential to achieve maximum performance in soccer players while also helping to reduce the risk of injury. External load is determined by the relationship between volume and intensity. Volume is the overall amount of effort exerted in an activity, whereas intensity describes the level of effort per unit of action or time. Objective: to analyse the variables proposed in an equation for controlling the external load and the variations that occur depending on the selection of their reference values. Subjects: nineteen high-level U23 soccer players (22.5 ± 1.8 years). Method: A total of 77 records from 11 official matches on the Olympic circuit were analysed. The external load was calculated from volume and intensity values ​​based on the parameters total distance (TD), distance at high intensities (HID), number of accelerations and decelerations (AcDc) and number of sprints (Nsp). Factors of equation estimated from general and individual references were compared. Results: The calculation of the total external load using general values ​​was significantly lower than with individual values ​​(73.7±16.5 vs. 82.4±13.5), as was the volume (71.5±15 .6 vs. 81.6±13.4) and intensity (74.8±17.2 vs. 8","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the ultrasonic sensor based modification coordination test device.","authors":"Widiastuti Widiastuti, Muhamad Syamsul Taufik, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya, Kuswahyudi Kuswahyudi, Muhammad Zulqarnain Mohd Nasir, Hendro Wardoyo, Karisdha Karisdha, Adi Wijayanto, Sunanto Sunanto, Nur Ahmad Muharram, H. Handayani, Abdul Hafidz, Rivan Saghita Pratama, S. P. Purwoto","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.103908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.103908","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of the endurance component, particularly coordination, is the aspect of physical condition most supportive in essential circumstances. Developing a technology-based test instrument is necessary to support the aspect of physical condition, including good endurance. This is carried out to support and improve the performance of coordination capability requirements. This research aims to develop a prototype product for a modified coordination test tool based on an ultrasonic sensor. The development of this device was implemented as a modification coordination test instrument. A set of devices consists of four circuit parts. This circuit involves a sensor, a Wi-Fi module, an RGB LED, and a doorbell. The placement of each LED depends on the user's needs. The function of the sensor is to detect objects around the sensor. The RGB LED functions as a sign when a sensor receives stimulation. The research method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method, which involves developing a prototype or modified coordination test. In this research, the tool development process was carried out in collaboration with a team of experts to develop measuring tool products. The sampling technique for this research is purposive sampling because the samples taken must meet certain requirements and considerations. In this study, researchers selected 33 futsal players from Universitas Suryakancana students. Based on the analysis results, it is concluded that the prototype for maximum device test modification coordination with motion sensors and hardware has very high validity and reliability values. Therefore, by using this system, an athlete can obtain more accurate test results, preventing an athlete's mistakes during the test process. In addition, the testing process can be carried out more efficiently.\u0000Keywords: Device Development, Modification Coordination, Test Device","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of Ram Thai with Nine Square dance on physical performance and cognitive functions: a model for elderly school","authors":"Y. Phanpheng, Preeyawan Pongkan, I. D. M. Kusuma, Nur Azis Rohmansyah, Chawis Wongkiew, Warayot Laha","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.107128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107128","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related declines in health-related physical fitness and cognitive function can be mitigated by a multi-movement exercise program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of Ram Thai with nine square dances on physical performance and cognitive functions in the elderly. Participants were randomly assigned\u0000into an experimental or control group. The Montreal cognitive assessment-basic (MoCA-B, Thai version) were chosen from screened volunteers and randomly assigned into 2 groups; Ram Thai with nine square dances (RTND:33) and brisk walking exercise (BWE:34) aged 65.3±2.4 years old, body mass index (BMI) 25.5±11.9 kg/m2. The physical performance parameters assessed were as follows: Back-scratch test (BST), Chair sit and reach test (CSRT), Chair stand test (CST), 30-second arm curl test (ACT), 6-minute walk test (6-WT) and timed up and go test (TUG) were conducted respectively. Our results showed the physiological revealed a reduction in body fat percentage, while significant increase in VO2max test scores observed in both groups (p≤.05). Additionally, there was an improved lower limb strength, as evidenced by statistically significant increases in scores for the CST, 6-WT, and TUG compared to pretest values (p≤.05). In terms of BST performance, the RTND group showed significantly better results compared to the BWE group (p≤.001). Moreover, we discovered that significantly superior results indicate increased variability in MoCA-B scores (24.11≈26.37) among elderly participants in the RTND group (p≤.001). The data indicates that RTND effectively enhances physiological aspects, physical performance control, and overall cognitive function in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).\u0000Keywords: physical performance, cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, elderly","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mental training to increase self-efficacy and reduce competition anxiety in athletes","authors":"Prima Aulia, Dwi Puspasari, Tania Fajrika, Yoli Firda Salfina","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.107680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107680","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims (1) to see the effectiveness of mental training in increasing self-efficacy, and (2) reducing competition anxiety among taekwondo athletes in West Sumatera Province. This research used quasi-experimental method with one group pretest-posttest research design which involved 20 subjects, 10 subjects conducted in Dojang HTC Fighter to measure self-efficacy and another 10 subjects to measure competition anxiety from Dojang Kodim Bukittinggi. The data were collected using a self-efficacy scale and a competition anxiety scale, to test the quality of the instrument a content validity test was used with professional judgement, while to see the reliability of the instrument using SPSS 19.0 for Windows with the Alpha Cronbach technique. The self-efficacy scale consists of 27 items with an alpha coefficient of (α) 0.925 and the competing anxiety scale consists of 12 items with a reliability coefficient value on the aspect of cognitive anxiety of 0.81, and somatic anxiety of 0.82. The research results show that the use of mental training is effective in increasing self-efficacy and reducing competition anxiety in taekwondo athletes.\u0000Keywords: Mental training, Self-efficacy, Competition anxiety","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of plyometric training in handball: impact on throwing power and speed","authors":"Novi Yanti, Iit Selviani, Eka Supriatna, Dedi Nofrizal, P. Purba, Hafiz Yazid Lubis, Syifa Nurbait, Danang Endarto Putro, Anung Probo Ismoko, Dewi Wahyuni, Didi Suryadi, M. Suganda","doi":"10.47197/retos.v58.103521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.103521","url":null,"abstract":"Handball calls for a variety of athletic skills, but throwing force is crucial for passing, scoring, and gaining momentum. Plyometric training uses explosive exercises that increase muscular contraction speed and force to improve power and speed. The purpose of the study is to ascertain whether adding plyometric workouts to handball players' training regimens can enhance their throwing ability to a noticeable degree. The research utilized an experimental design with a pretest-posttest methodology for a single group. The Sambas district handball team, which consisted of 15 athletes, picked the participants, who were between the ages of 17 and 22. Plyometric training was the intervention, and it was done in three sessions a week for four weeks. The Medicine Ball Javelin Quadrathlo strength test was used to gather data, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. The research showed that the mean throwing power and speed had significantly increased, with improvements of 2.07 between the pretest and posttest values of 19.93 and 22.00, respectively. The significance value obtained was 0.000, indicating a statistically significant enhancement. The plyometric training was found to be highly effective in enhancing the explosive strength and neuromuscular coordination required for powerful and fast throws in handball. In conclusion, the findings suggest that incorporating plyometric training into the training programs of handball players can substantially improve their throwing performance. Coaches and trainers are recommended to integrate plyometric exercises to maximize the athletic potential of their players.\u0000Keywords: plyometric training, handball, throwing power, throwing speed, explosive strength, athletic performance","PeriodicalId":503742,"journal":{"name":"Retos","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}