{"title":"Adaptable multi-objective optimization framework: application to metal additive manufacturing","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13489-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13489-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This work presents a novel adaptable framework for multi-objective optimization (MOO) in metal additive manufacturing (AM). The framework offers significant advantages by departing from the traditional design of experiments (DoE) and embracing surrogate-based optimization techniques for enhanced efficiency. It accommodates a wide range of process variables such as laser power, scan speed, hatch distance, and optimization objectives like porosity and surface roughness (SR), leveraging Bayesian optimization for continuous improvement. High-fidelity surrogate models are ensured through the implementation of space-filling design and Gaussian process regression. Sensitivity analysis (SA) is employed to quantify the influence of input parameters, while an evolutionary algorithm drives the MOO process. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated by applying it to optimize SR and porosity in a case study, achieving a significant reduction in SR and porosity levels using data from existing literature. The Gaussian process model achieves a commendable cross-validation <em>R</em>2 score of 0.79, indicating a strong correlation between the predicted and actual values with minimal relative mean errors. Furthermore, the SA highlights the dominant role of hatch spacing in SR prediction and the balanced contribution of laser speed and power on porosity control. This adaptable framework offers significant potential to surpass existing optimization approaches by enabling a more comprehensive optimization, contributing to notable advancements in AM technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Sommer, Simon Hornung, Cemal Esen, Ralf Hellmann
{"title":"Surface roughness optimization of hybrid PBF-LB/M-built Inconel 718 using in situ high-speed milling","authors":"David Sommer, Simon Hornung, Cemal Esen, Ralf Hellmann","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13382-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13382-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report on the optimization of the surface roughness of hybrid additive manufactured Ni superalloys, combining a conventional laser powder bed fusion process with in situ high-speed milling. This remarkable hybrid approach has only recently been applied to different steel types and barely to Ni superalloys which opposite to steel appear to be challenging for milling processes, particularly within the powderbed of laser powder bed fusion. Different influencing factors on the surface roughness are varied in this study, following the Taguchi method. Their effect is evaluated with respect to the average surface roughness and the maximum surface roughness. The signal-to-noise ratio for the varied parameters infeed, z-pitch, feed rate, and spindle speed is calculated, determining their relevance on the surface roughness, and defining an optimal parameter combination. As the surface quality is optimized to <span>(varvec{R_a=0.47, mu m})</span>, the definition of the optimal parameter combination is of the highest relevance for the application of this novel manufacturing approach for Inconel. Using linear regression, the resulting surface roughness of these parameters is predicted, getting validated by the experimental evaluation. Due to a further analysis, including EDX analysis and a quantitative element analysis at different positions of the flank of the milling cutter, wear characteristics as well as the dissipation of the coating of the milling cutter are detected. The flank wear and the resulting breakage of the cutting edge are defined as the main reasons of a rising surface roughness.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengfei Zhao, Xiaobin Zhang, Shuwang Bian, Wenlong Zhang, Zhanyi Cao
{"title":"Effect of pulse shaping on coupling efficiency of laser spot welding in AZ31 magnesium alloy","authors":"Pengfei Zhao, Xiaobin Zhang, Shuwang Bian, Wenlong Zhang, Zhanyi Cao","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13421-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13421-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy coupling efficiency has an important effect on welding quality in pulsed laser spot welding. In this paper, laser spot welding experiments are conducted on 3 mm AZ31 magnesium alloy using an AC-500 W Nd:YAG pulsed laser welder. Results show that the rectangular pulse (R) energy coupling is the most efficient when peak power is less than or equal to 3 kW, but the energy coupling of ramp-up pulse (R-U) is the most efficient when peak power is greater than 3 kW. When the peak power is 4 kW, the energy coupling efficiency of laser spot welding under R-U pulse is the highest. At this time, the cross-sectional area of welding spot reaches 1.3 mm<sup>2</sup>, peak temperature is 1550 ℃, the metal loss of melting pool is 4.4 mg, the depth-to-width ratio of keyhole is 1.06, and the laser absorptance is 0.9. In addition, a numerical model of velocity field of transient keyhole laser spot welding is established by using ANSYS, and the shape and size of keyhole are calculated during laser spot welding. The mechanism of pulse shaping to improve the energy coupling efficiency of deep-melt laser welding of magnesium alloys is revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical analysis of stress & strain and thickness variation in single point incremental forming of tailor welded steel blanks","authors":"Usman Attique, Shahid Ikramullah Butt, Aamir Mubashar, Liaqat Ali, Ghulam Hussain","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13422-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13422-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Finite element (FE) modeling of tailor welded blanks (TWBs) is a complex phenomenon compared to FE modeling of monolithic sheets due to the change of mechanical properties caused by the welding process. This complexity involves modeling different zones generated due to the heat effect. Research on the formability of steel TWBs with dissimilar thicknesses and strength produced by manual tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding technique and formed by single point incremental forming (SPIF) involving base sheets, weld nugget (WN), and heat affected zone (HAZ) is presented, numerically. The materials selected for the study included deep drawing quality (DDQ) steel (DC06) and stainless steel (SS) (AISI 201). Variable wall angle truncated pyramid was used as test geometry, and FE software Abaqus (dynamic explicit solver) was used for the analysis. Thickness profiles and state of stress and strain in both the cases of thickness and strength differential were analyzed. A decrease in thickness was observed at the corners in both cases. However, this decrease was more prominent in the case of strength differential. The symmetry of the pattern on both sides with minimum and maximum values of stress towards the thinner side was observed in the case of thickness differential. Variation in stress was more prominent towards the side of high-strength material along maximum value in the case of strength differential. Equivalent plastic strain observed was more linear and higher towards the sides of thicker sheet and material having less strength in the case of thickness differential and strength differential, respectively. Research investigations may be applied in a similar fashion for the precise study of formability characteristics of various kinds of TWBs being used in multiple industries including automotive, vessel, and medical.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Pia Desole, Annamaria Gisario, Massimiliano Barletta
{"title":"Energy absorption of PLA-based metamaterials manufactured by material extrusion: dynamic loads and shape recovery","authors":"Maria Pia Desole, Annamaria Gisario, Massimiliano Barletta","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13430-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13430-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of solid cellular structures in Polylactic Acid (PLA) by extrusion of material. The structures studied are Strut-Based, Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) and Spinoidal. Impact tests allowed the identification of three categories of energy absorption (low, medium, high). The structures with lower deformation were subsequently subjected to cyclic impact tests, while the others were discarded from the analysis. Once the structures were deformed, they were immersed in a thermostat bath at 70 ºC, a temperature higher than the glass transition of PLA, necessary for the recovery of shape. TPMS structures display the best performance for high and medium impact energies, thanks to the presence of few internal defects. Spinoidal structures perform well at low impact energies but are less suitable for cyclic testing due to their geometric characteristics. Despite featuring the same density of TPMS structures, the strut based ones are not suitable for cyclic testing due to poor mechanical strength. The experimental findings are very promising as the best performing structures can be suitable for the fabrication of products with an increased life cycle, especially in the ever growing and flourishing market of technical items for impacts protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An adaptive impedance control method for blade polishing based on the Kalman filter","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13401-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13401-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Robotic force control is crucial for precise polishing and has a significant influence on the final effects. The blade has a free-form surface in space, and the curvature changes drastically, making traditional impedance control feedback untimely. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive impedance control method for blade polishing based on Kalman filter. The force data is denoised by Kalman filtering to obtain the real force data, then the data is gravity compensated to obtain the real polishing force. The method analyzes the influences of stiffness change and displacement change on the polishing force, and establishes a stiffness and displacement coupling compensation model. The method achieves timely feedback when the robot copes with unknown environmental stiffness changes. In addition, the Lyapunov function is applied to verify the stability of the method during implementation. Four processing conditions are simulated by using Matlab Simulink. The results indicate that the proposed method can provide faster response and higher force tracking accuracy by adjusting the reference position when the environment changes. In the experiment of polishing blade, the roughness is reduced to below Ra0.32 μm and fluctuation range of polishing force is within ±1 N. The force control method performance is significantly improved and the blade surface quality is effectively improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongshuang Li, Lianjie Ma, Jinhao Li, Chunyu Dai, Zhibin Han, Yunguang Zhou, Ming Li
{"title":"Research on three-dimensional cutting force theoretical model of turning glass–ceramics based on discretization of cutting edge","authors":"Hongshuang Li, Lianjie Ma, Jinhao Li, Chunyu Dai, Zhibin Han, Yunguang Zhou, Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13462-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13462-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cutting force is one of the most important physical quantities in the cutting process. Cutting force directly determines the generation of cutting heat and affects tool wear and machined surface quality. In this work, based on the geometric analysis of the turning tool, the cutting edge was discretized, and the local parameters of each cutting edge were calculated. According to the formation and assumption of brittle material chips, considering the energy dissipation in the process of chip formation, the cutting force of each cutting edge element was calculated. Then, the theoretical model of three-dimensional turning force of glass–ceramics was established by adding the forces contributed by all cutting edge elements. The change of tool geometry angle can lead to the change of local cutting parameters at each point on the cutting edge, thereby affecting the variation of cutting force. In order to evaluate the cutting force model, the turning experiment of fluormica glass–ceramics was carried out, and the influence of tool geometry angles (normal rake angle <i>γ</i><sub>n</sub>, tool nose radius <i>r</i><sub>ε</sub>, and tool cutting edge angle <i>κ</i>r) on the cutting force was discussed. The predicted results are in good agreement with the measured results. This model can provide theoretical guidance for the efficient turning strategy of glass–ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing die parameters of microstamping process for PEMFC 316L bipolar plate using NCL fracture criterion and response surface methodology","authors":"Fuqiang Zhao, Zhiying Gao, Qingxue Huang, Xiujian Cheng, Heng Zhang, Chunhong Ma, Shuaifeng Chen, Xiaofeng Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13461-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13461-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the impact of die fillet shape, fillet size, die clearance, and die height on the microstamping of ultrathin 316L bipolar plates (BPPs) with stepped flow channels. Using the normalized Cockcroft–Latham damage fracture criterion combined with the response surface method, we developed an effective predictive model for the fracture behavior of ultrathin 316L BPPs. This model was employed to optimize the mold parameters. Numerical simulation results reveal that different fillet shapes—90° sector, irregular sector, ellipse, and parabola—significantly affect the formation of ultrathin 316L BPPs. Among these, the elliptical fillet shape yielded the best results. Further analysis indicated that increasing the radius of the die fillet while reducing the die height led to decreases in the stress, strain, thinning rate, and damage value of the BPPs. Conversely, the draft angle increased linearly. However, with varying die clearance, the stress, strain, thinning rate, and damage value of the BPPs initially decreased and then increased, while the draft angle continued to rise linearly. The optimized die parameters were identified using the damage prediction model: a fillet radius of 0.2 mm, clearance of 0.26 mm, height of 0.49 mm, and stepped height of 0.24 mm. The validity of these optimized parameters was confirmed experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimodal perception-fusion-control and human–robot collaboration in manufacturing: a review","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13385-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13385-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Collaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans in a shared workspace and provide assistance to them. With the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence in recent years, cobots have become faster, smarter, more accurate, and more dependable. They have found applications in a broad range of scenarios where humans require assistance, such as in the home, healthcare, and manufacturing. In manufacturing, in particular, collaborative robots combine the precision and strength of robots with the flexibility of human dexterity to replace or aid humans in highly repetitive or hazardous manufacturing tasks. However, human–robot interaction still needs improvement in terms of adaptability, decision making, and robustness to changing scenarios and uncertainty, especially in the context of continuous interaction with human operators. Collaborative robots and humans must establish an intuitive and understanding rapport to build a cooperative working relationship. Therefore, human–robot interaction is a crucial research problem in robotics. This paper provides a summary of the research on human–robot interaction over the past decade, with a focus on interaction methods in human–robot collaboration, environment perception, task allocation strategies, and scenarios for human–robot collaboration in manufacturing. Finally, the paper presents the primary research directions and challenges for the future development of collaborative robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro De Luca, Francesco Caputo, Francesco Naclerio, Raffaele Sepe, Enrico Armentani
{"title":"Modelling approaches for surface densification process of sintered gear teeth","authors":"Alessandro De Luca, Francesco Caputo, Francesco Naclerio, Raffaele Sepe, Enrico Armentani","doi":"10.1007/s00170-024-13432-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13432-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sintered gears manufactured through powder metallurgy technology contain residual porosity that can make them inadequate for high power supply. Crack propagation is significantly enhanced by both residual porosity and cyclical stresses involving the teeth. The use of densification processes can highly improve their performances, permitting the reduction of the residual porosity. Among the densification processes, the rolling assumes a key-role. The process permits the densification of the tooth flanks, the most stressed parts of the wheel. However, the performances of the rolled wheel depend on several process parameters, whose setup phase requires several efforts and many experiments. Finite element (FE) model can be a helpful tool, allowing a faster estimation of the process parameters, reducing waste and costs linked to the experimental tests. In this sense, FE modelling techniques discussed in literature only cover the simulation of spur gears densification process, since they consist of in-plane 2D finite elements. In this paper, different numerical modelling techniques, based on 2D finite elements, are proposed to simulate the densification process of spur gears and used to perform a tendency analysis to explore the effects of wheelbase reduction between the forming rollers on the material densification. Material densification appeared higher for reduced wheelbases, but an increasing cavity was observed at the tooth root as the wheelbases decreases. Moreover, a FE model based on 3D finite elements is proposed to reproduce numerically the rolling process of a helical gear. The accuracy of the 3D FE model was measured against the results provided by some experimental tests, herein discussed too. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}