{"title":"Memory-Dynamic Event-Based Controller With Additive-Memory Time-Delay for Cyber-Physical Systems Under DDoS Attacks","authors":"Qing Zhu, Kaibo Shi, Xiao Cai, Da Chen, Jin Yang","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7881","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper tackles the challenge of designing a memory-dynamic event-triggered output feedback controller for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) under distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. First, we consider the impact of hybrid time delays on communication networks and focus on DDoS attacks that can continuously paralyze the network. Second, with limited bandwidth communication resources, a memory-dynamic event-triggered scheme (MDETS) that efficiently utilizes the bandwidth resources as well as mitigates the network-induced phenomena is proposed. In addition, to ensure the safe operation of CPSs, an output feedback controller with memory is designed based on time-delay states in the measurement channel. Then, selecting the proper multi-area Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals (LKFs), criteria for sufficient exponentially mean-square <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mtext>H</mtext>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> stability condition is formulated. Finally, an illustrative example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the designed strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3778-3790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fractional Order PID Controller Design for an AVR System Using the Artificial Hummingbird Optimizer Algorithm","authors":"Elouahab Bouguenna, Samir Ladaci, Badis Lekouaghet, Walid Merrouche, Mohamed Benghanem","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7894","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimizing the fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller using metaheuristic algorithms has gained significant popularity across various engineering domains. This paper introduces a novel approach by employing the artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA), an innovative optimization technique inspired by the unique flight and foraging behaviors of hummingbirds, to fine-tune the FOPID controller for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system in synchronous generators, a critical component in maintaining voltage stability. The proposed method is rigorously tested using MATLAB/Simulink simulations under challenging conditions, including nonsmoothed higher-order dynamics of the control plant, parameter variations, time delays, and nonlinearities. The effectiveness of the AHA-based FOPID control strategy on the AVR system is comprehensively evaluated through extensive tests and analyses, focusing on aspects such as transient response, robustness, stability, and trajectory tracking. Moreover, a comparative assessment against established optimization algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and artificial bee colony (ABC) is conducted. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AHA-based FOPID control strategy, which significantly increases convergence speed. This is evidenced by a 25% faster rise time and a 45.74% shorter settling time compared to the GA-FOPID controller, the closest in performance for these metrics. Additionally, the AHA-based FOPID controller achieves a 92% reduction in steady-state oscillations compared to the ABC-FOPID controller, the nearest competitor in this aspect. These improvements highlight the AHA-based FOPID controller's superior efficiency and rapid response in achieving optimal performance. Hence, the proposed method shows remarkable success in enhancing stability and robustness, making it highly suitable for the design of practical high-performance applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3919-3943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Event-Triggered Adaptive Control of Nonstrict-Feedback Non-Linear Systems With Unknown Functions and Time-Varying Delay Using Neural Networks","authors":"Cheng Tan, Xinrui Ma, Ziran Chen, Hongtao Sun","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7877","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article aims to achieve global adaptive control of nonstrict-feedback non-linear systems with unknown functions and time-varying delay. Unlike traditional methods, this approach introduces switching functions at each step of the backstepping design, in addition to utilizing neural networks (NNs) to approximate the unknown functions, resulting in globally bounded outcomes. By employing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functionals, the negative effects of time-varying delays are effectively compensated. The proposed control scheme integrates the design of both the controller and the event-triggering mechanism (ETM), effectively removing the need for input-to-state stability assumptions while reducing measurement errors. Furthermore, the ETM, based on an adaptive threshold strategy, not only ensures superior system performance but also optimizes network resource utilization. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control approach.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3728-3741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Event-Triggered Asynchronous Finite-Time H∞ Filter Design for Linear Neutral Semi-Markovian Jumping Systems With Mixed Sensor Faults","authors":"Guifang Cheng, Huishi Shen","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7876","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper studies the design of adaptive event-triggered asynchronous finite-time <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> filter for neutral semi-Markovian jumping systems (SMJSs) with mixed sensor faults. A novel adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) is constructed to automatically tune trigger threshold, thus alleviating the communication burden. Subsequently, in light of the device's unsafe operating environment, a mixed sensor faults model is taken into account. Next, sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the filtering error system (FES) meets stochastic <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> finite-time boundedness (FTB) and stochastic <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> finite-time contractive boundedness (FTCB). Lastly, an engineering-based example is shown to validate the efficacy of the proposed method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3700-3714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunsheng Fan, Shuanghu Qiao, Baojian Song, Guofeng Wang
{"title":"Modified Adaptive Federated Student's t Maximum Correntropy Criterion Variational Adaptive Kalman Filtering for Multi-Source Data Fusion","authors":"Yunsheng Fan, Shuanghu Qiao, Baojian Song, Guofeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7841","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The traditional federated Kalman filter-based multi-source data fusion algorithm performs poorly in the presence of outliers and unknown noise, a modified federated robust Student's t maximum correntropy criterion variational adaptive Kalman filter is proposed in this paper to tackle the issue. First, an improved robust Student's t maximum correntropy criterion variational adaptive Kalman filter is proposed for local estimation. The algorithm introduces an adaptive factor in the Student's t variational adaptive Kalman filter algorithm to correct the bias of the error covariance matrix, which improves the estimation accuracy of the algorithm. In addition, an improved kernel width based on the maximum correntropy criterion is employed for modifying the correntropy gain to adjust the filtering gain of the algorithm. Second, an improved adaptive information-sharing factor is developed to adaptively regulate the fusion weight of the local sensor based on the estimation accuracy of the local filter. Finally, the simulation verifies that the proposed algorithm has higher estimation accuracy than other existing algorithms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 8","pages":"3297-3307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Safety in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning With High-Order Control Barrier Functions","authors":"Tianyu Zhang, Jun Xu, Hongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7888","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the risk of taking unsafe actions in unknown environment dynamics, reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with built-in safety guarantees to prevent unexpected accidents has received increasing attention. Introducing the control barrier function is a typical method for imposing safety constraints by constructing the forward invariant set, but this approach generally suffers from the conservativeness of the forward invariant set and difficulties in the training process. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel algorithm called model-based safe RL with high-order control barrier function (MBSRL-HOCBF). The concepts of generalized feasibility are introduced, including generalized feasible state and generalized feasible region, which can be applied to the modified HOCBF conditions during training, thus reducing the conservativeness of the forward invariant set of HOCBF while ensuring both safety and algorithm performance. Additionally, the safety indicator that explicitly identifies safe states without requiring knowing specific safety criteria is incorporated, and integrated into the common environment model. The integration combines the advantages of traditional model-based RL, including using model-generated data to speed up algorithm training, with the ability to identify the generalized feasibility of each state. Simulation results demonstrate that MBSRL-HOCBF not only achieves high returns but also guarantees safety across multiple control tasks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3844-3855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunjiao Zhu, Xiaoming Tang, Jun Wang, Shidong Zhai, Jingjie Yuan, Minghong She
{"title":"H\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 /\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 H\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ∞\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 $$ {H}_2/{H}_{infty } $$\u0000 Control of AETSCP-Based IT-2 Fuzzy Networked Control Systems Under Stealthy Dos Attacks and Actuator Faults","authors":"Yunjiao Zhu, Xiaoming Tang, Jun Wang, Shidong Zhai, Jingjie Yuan, Minghong She","doi":"10.1002/rnc.7882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7882","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines the dynamic output feedback <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_2/{H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> control of interval type-2 (IT-2) fuzzy systems suffering from stealthy denial of service (DoS) attacks under the adaptive event-triggered stochastic communication protocol (AETSCP). Considering the advantages of the AET mechanism and the SCP, a new AETSCP is proposed, whose trigger parameters can be dynamically adjusted based on the changing trend of the system state and the stealthy DoS attack probability. The signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR)-based DoS attacker continuously senses the channel and utilizes the trigger characteristics of the AET mechanism to cleverly launch the attack to ensure its stealthiness. A dynamic quantizer is employed to quantize the measured output, and a time-varying fault matrix is adopted to represent actuator faults. By applying the mode-dependent Lyapunov function, the sufficient condition to ensure the stability of the considered networked control system (NCS) is derived, and the dynamic output feedback controller satisfying the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>H</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>∞</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {H}_2/{H}_{infty } $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> performance is designed. Lastly, a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control","volume":"35 9","pages":"3791-3804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}