Chemical Science International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the Electronic Structure, Charge-transfer, and Optical Properties of Neutral, Anionic, and Cationic Perfluoropentacene","authors":"A. S. Gidado, Shahzia Kulsoom Ahmad, A. Musa, U.M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4906","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluoropentacene ( is an n-type organic semiconductor made by fluorination of p-type semiconductor Pentacene and can find applications in molecular thin film devices. In this work, a theoretical study of Perfluoropentacene was carried out based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent (TD-DFT) as implemented in Gaussian 09 package using B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) basis sets. The electronic, charge transfer, Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the molecule were calculated and reported for the neutral, anionic, and cationic forms of the molecule. The results show that the cationic state of the molecule has the strongest bond length at R(28,32) using the basis sets B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) and the weakest bond length was found at R(4,6) in the ionic state with 6-31+G (d) basis set. The energy gap obtained for the neutral molecule using 6-31+G (d) and 6-311++G (d,p) basis sets are 2.00eV, 1.99eV respectively. The results show a strong agreement with a previously related work that reported the energy gap as 2.02eV thus indicating high stability of the molecule. Perfluoropentacene has the highest value of chemical hardness of 1.3929eV in its anionic state (Beta MO), so is considered to be harder and more stable than the neutral and cationic. The findings also revealed that with toluene as solvent, the strongest absorption was found at wavelength of 738.38, highest oscillator strength of 0.0599 and the lowest excitation energy of 1.6791eV. The calculated results of polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability confirm that this molecule is a good non-linear optical material. On the whole, the molecule could be a good material for optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"123 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Investigation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Aristolochia albida Root Extracts","authors":"G. N. N.*, Chindo I.Y., Adamu H.M., Boryo D.E.A., Lubis S., Denji K. B., Gomerep B.","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4904","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The increasing prevalence of antibacterial resistance has led to the deliberate laborious exploration of plants for new potent drugs. Over the years, plants have served as rich reservoirs of medicinal components that are used for the management of various ailments because of the belief that they exhibit minimal side effects and improved efficacy than other synthetic counterparts. \u0000Aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the phytochemical content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the root extracts of A. albida; a shrub that is commonly used in North Central Nigeria for the management of some microbial infections, snakebite, stomach ailments and pain. \u0000Methods: The roots of A. albida were harvested, washed with clean water, dried, ground, and extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water using the Soxhlet extractor. The phytochemical screening which indicated the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenes, cardiac glycosides and tannins was done using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was tested using agar well diffusion technique against five human pathogens namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pneumonae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the antioxidant activities were tested using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. \u0000Results: All extracts showed the antibacterial activity against all test organisms at all concentrations used. At 50 mg/cm3, S. aureus showed high sensitivities with 23.00 mm, 20.50 mm, 22.00 mm and 18.50 mm diameter of zone of inhibition for hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts respectively. The results obtained in this study indicated that the MICs of the four extracts were weak (12.50-200.0 mg/cm3) when compared to the MIC range of most commonly available antibiotics having a range of 0.015-0.107 mg/cm3. The extracts demonstrated minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range of 400-50 mg/cm3. All the extracts showed a DPPH scavenging activity which increased with increase in sample concentration. Among the solvents used, hexane extract gave the highest antioxidant activity, IC50 = 0.032 mg/cm3. Ethyl acetate and water extracts of A. albida had IC50 = 0.05 mg/cm3. \u0000Conclusion: The results reported in this research work highlighted the potential use of A. albida extract as a source of phytochemicals with promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"22 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall Summery of Gulf Country Employees from Bangladesh, Preliminary Evaluation for Abnormal Kidney Liver and Virally Infected Individuals Using Low-cost Tests Like CBC Parameters","authors":"M. Jaman, Md. Maniruzzaman, Md. Rakib Rased Rana, Md. Rokibul Hasan Bhuyan, Laila Akter, Shamim Ahmad, Md. Neyamat Ullah, Md. Saifujjaman","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4903","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B Viruses antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis is a major public concern because of shared route of transmission. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Bilirubin is measured for abnormal liver function test and Abnormal Kidney function is measured by creatinine. The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common examination used to monitor overall health in clinical practice as well as cheap in Bangladesh. Radiological Image could have cheap but HBsAg, HCV, HIV and Syphilis test is cost effective. The main aim to this study is to determine the viral positive, abnormal Kidney, Liver function patient’s detection by doing cheap CBC test parameters. In this study, we have calculated normal patients CBC parameter and same HBsAg, HCV and syphilis patients, abnormal kidney and liver functions patients CBC parameters have been assembled. We also find out the relation with radiological image of chest X-ray for viral positive patients. The result of the study indicated that all CBC parameter of positive HBsAg, HCV and syphilis, abnormal kidney and liver patients approximately same. But only Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet number have significant value. Abnormal Kidney and liver patients have high MPV 11.94x10^3 and HCV, HBsAg positive patients 9.9x10^3 whereas normal patients value is 9.7x10^3. This study proves that there is significant effect for MPV value with normal and viral infected patients. This finding could have used early detection for overseas health checkup.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"104 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Electron Phase Transformation Theory in the Context of Atomic Structure","authors":"József Garai","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4902","url":null,"abstract":"The shortcomings of the Rutherford atomic model can be eliminated by the suggested phase transformation of the electrons from point to non-revolving surface charge in the vicinity of the nucleus. The energy balance investigations of this atom model indicated that the stability of the surface charge valence electron shell is ensured by the one-dimensional Casimir effect. If this theoretical prediction is correct then the first ionization energies of the elements should correlate linearly to the inverse of atomic diameter. Classical physics approach, the electrostatic attraction of the nucleus and the repulsion of the surface charge electron shell result in an identical relationship. The problem with the classical physics approach is that it does not offer an adequate explanation for the photoelectric effect and the free electrons inside the metal. Therefore, classical electrostatics cannot be considered the right physical process responsible for the stability of the valence electron/s in neutral atoms. \u0000The derived theoretical relationship, between atomic diameter and ionization energy, was tested up to 86 elements of the periodic table. The correlation coefficient is 0.9187. The correlation is stronger for individual periods. The empirical relationship between the ionization energy and atomic radii is well known, resulting in the same correlation coefficients. However, the correlation to the atomic radii does not reproduce the theoretically derived constant multiplier, contrarily to the atomic diameter relationship. Thus, the first ionization energy is the function of the atomic diameter. The uncertainties in the reported atomic sizes are relatively high. Therefore, the correlation between theory and experiments should be considered as excellent. The theoretically derived relationship between the first ionization energy and atomic diameter is the consequence of the proposed phase transformation of the electron. Thus the detected strong correlation between theory and experiments adds further support to the proposed atomic structure.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"100 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Imeglimin HCL in Pharmaceutical Dosage form","authors":"V. Adhao, Shreyash P. Chaudhari, Jaya Ambhore","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i4901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Imeglimin HCL is a medication used in pharmaceutical products. To ensure its quality and effectiveness, it's crucial to have a reliable method to measure its concentration in these products. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a common technique for this purpose. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a precise and accurate stability indicating HPLC method for measuring Imeglimin HCL in pharmaceutical formulations. \u0000Methods: The method optimization process included selecting a suitable chromatographic column and determining the optimal mobile phase composition. A Credchrom C18 column (250mm x 4.6 mm x 5µm) was chosen, and a mobile phase consisting of Phosphate Buffer and acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) was identified as optimal. The selected conditions provided satisfactory resolution and a retention time of 2.5 minutes for Imeglimin HCL, with detection achieved at a wavelength of 241nm. Validation parameters, including linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), were thoroughly evaluated. Precision was assessed through %RSD values for repeatability and intra-day and inter-day precision. Accuracy was determined by % recovery, with values ranging from 98.00% to 102%. Subsequently, force degradation studies were conducted to further assess the method's stability. \u0000Results: The developed RP-HPLC method exhibited excellent linearity (R^2 close to 1) and sensitivity, with LOD and LOQ values of 0.577722 μg/ml and 1.750673 μg/ml, respectively. Precision, as indicated by %RSD values, ranged from 0.994733 for repeatability to 0.988377–0.7480963 for intra-day precision and 0.988377–10.9883477 for inter-day precision. Accuracy, reflected by % recovery, was within acceptable limits (98.62–100.34%). These results, along with successful force degradation studies, confirmed the method's reliability and stability. \u0000Conclusions: In conclusion, the developed RP-HPLC method offers a sensitive, precise, and accurate means for the estimation of Imeglimin HCL in pharmaceutical formulations. Its robustness and stability make it suitable for routine analysis in pharmaceutical laboratories, ensuring the quality and efficacy of Imeglimin-containing products.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Mineral Quality of Selected Boreholes and Stream Waters in Elele Community, Rivers State, Nigeria West Africa","authors":"NA Okonkwo, SN Awolo, OA Ikeh, CE Anarado, VO Mgboh, G. Otobo","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3899","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the quality of drinking water from selected boreholes in Elele Community of Rivers State was conducted. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards. The physicochemical parameters values obtained were as follows: colour (all clear), pH (4.09 – 7.04 with mean value of 5.11. which is slightly acidic), temperature (24.5 -32.0 with mean value of 29.2), total dissolved solids (5-180 mg/l with mean value of 46.6 mg/l), conductivity (8-242  μs/cm with mean value of 63μs/cm), chloride (<1.0-24.7 mg/l), total hardness (<0.2 mg/l), calcium (<0.08), magnesium (<0.05mg/l), total alkalinity (4.0 – 8.0mg/l with mean value of 5.0), sulphate (<1.0mg/l), phosphate (<0.05 mg/l), and nitrate (<0.2 – 5.92mg/l), all of which did not exceed WHO standards, except for turbidity values in STN 7and 8 (5.51 and 7.40 NTU) which were slightly above the standard. For mineral analyses, Fe was in compliance with the standards, so also was Mn, except for STN 1 and 2 (2.576 and 0.471ppm) which were slightly above the limits. For microbiological analyses, FCB and TCB were less than detection limit, while THB values (2.4 x 102 – 8.0 x 102 efu/ml) all exceeded the WHO limits for portable water, which is the major source of contamination of the water samples. However, these variations in the results were not too pronounced to cause serious health hazards, since most of the parameters analyzed met the WHO limit and others which did not meet were slightly above the limit. But, this does not rule out completely the need for appropriate treatment of these water sources for portability and safe drinking. Recommendations on the strategies to reduce/eliminate some of the pollutants in the water were made.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"43 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Dyeing Behaviours of Tasar and Tasar Blended Silk Fabrics","authors":"Rahul Ranjan Ghosh, Y.C Radhalakshmi, S. Periyasamy","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3898","url":null,"abstract":"Tasar silk is widely sought after because to its natural beauty, durability, sustainability, and cultural relevance. Despite the long-standing yearning for Tasar textiles in their natural colour, weavers can only manufacture a limited number of different designs and types of the silk.It has become necessary to dye the Tasar fabric a different colour since the younger generation requires 100% Tasar cloths in a range of styles and colour combinations.Some manufacturers are now dyeing Tasar fabrics in smaller quantities, but their processing quality is subpar due to non-compliance with correct procedures for color concentration, time intervals, and warm washing, resulting in uneven dyeing, inconsistent hues, and poor fastness attributes.However, considering the current circumstances, it is essential that the Tasar Silk Industry understands how both pure Tasar fabrics and Tasar-blended fabrics are endowed with the fastness properties of Lanaset, Acid, and Reactive dyes.In this article, a comperative study was carried out to understand the dyeing behaviour of Acid, Lanaset and Reactive dye on Tasar x Tasar fabrics and Tasar x Mulberry fabrics. The fabric samples were prepared accordingly to evaluate the tensile properties, colour fastness to rubbing, perspiration, washing & light and colour strength. According to the findings, reactive dyeing had a larger percentage of strength loss than Lanaset and acid dyeing. Relative to other materials, acid-dyed fabrics required less washing, according to fastness data. However, reactive dyed fabrics did not perform well when it came to perspiration fastness. Lanaset dyed fabrics reacted faster to light than other types due to the presence of metal ions. The studies also showed that materials colored reactively had stronger color retention. This attempt shall provide the blue print for the industry to emulate in the future.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"74 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Radioactive Nature of the Sediments of the Bays of the Ebrié Lagoon of Abidjan, Ivory Coast","authors":"Ouattara Kolo Abibatou, Béa Gouanda Thibaut, Ouffoué Koffi Sébastien, Esso Gnagne, Ouattara Adams, Yapo Ossey Bernard","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i3897","url":null,"abstract":"In Ivory Coast, the lagoons represent the transit point for the majority of continental inputs. They are thus increasingly vulnerable and their ecological balance is rapidly modified under the influence of certain natural or anthropogenic factors.\u0000The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of presence of lead 210 in                                  sediments.\u0000The sediments were sampled during the campaigns of the National Water Quality Observation Network on the bays spread over thirteen study sites. Analysis by alpha spectrometry was carried out in three stages (mineralization with concentrated acids, self-deposition on a silver disk, counting in an alpha detector with a silicone surface barrier). The highest lead-210 activities were obtained in the bays of Koumassi 1 (228.57 ± 12.21 Bq/kg) and Marcory (198.91 ± 9.46 Bq/kg). However, no seasonal variation in lead-210 contamination of sediments in the bays of Abidjan was observed. We wish to extend this study to other aquatic matrices.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":" 998","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Black/PVDF Nanocomposite","authors":"Victor K. Samoei, A. Jayatissa, Keiichiro Sano","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2885","url":null,"abstract":"A piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor was fabricated using carbon black and Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (CB/PVDF) composite. The conductive CB/PVDF composite was prepared by a wet-cast method and deposited onto a flexible polyethylene (PE) substrate. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and material properties were studied using SEM and X-ray diffraction methods. This flexible pressure sensor was tested in a wide pressure range of about 0 - 76 kPa, and its response time was less than 0.43 s. The sensitivity, response time, and recovery time were studied for different pressures and vibration modes. The repeatability and reproducibility characteristics of the sensors were studied, and it was found that the sensors exhibited excellent characteristics. The sensor was subjected to different loading and unloading pressures, and the resistance of the sensor remained stable, indicating that the sensor had a high degree of reproducibility. Owing to its flexible properties and the materials used, the proposed device can be applied in the next generation of smart sensors for biomedical, robotic, and automotive sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Black/PVDF Nanocomposite","authors":"Victor K. Samoei, A. Jayatissa, Keiichiro Sano","doi":"10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2024/v33i2885","url":null,"abstract":"A piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor was fabricated using carbon black and Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (CB/PVDF) composite. The conductive CB/PVDF composite was prepared by a wet-cast method and deposited onto a flexible polyethylene (PE) substrate. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and material properties were studied using SEM and X-ray diffraction methods. This flexible pressure sensor was tested in a wide pressure range of about 0 - 76 kPa, and its response time was less than 0.43 s. The sensitivity, response time, and recovery time were studied for different pressures and vibration modes. The repeatability and reproducibility characteristics of the sensors were studied, and it was found that the sensors exhibited excellent characteristics. The sensor was subjected to different loading and unloading pressures, and the resistance of the sensor remained stable, indicating that the sensor had a high degree of reproducibility. Owing to its flexible properties and the materials used, the proposed device can be applied in the next generation of smart sensors for biomedical, robotic, and automotive sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":502866,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Science International Journal","volume":"148 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}