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„Von seiner Hochheit allenthalben recommendiret wird” "处处推荐他的崇高"

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.02

Kulcsár Krisztina

{"title":"„Von seiner Hochheit allenthalben recommendiret wird”","authors":"Kulcsár Krisztina","doi":"10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Based on archival material from the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery Archive in Budapest, this study examines the extent to which the selection and advancement of offi cials were infl uenced by Prince Albert of Saxony (who became Duke of Saxe-Teschen in 1766). He was appointed by Maria Theresa, his future mother-in-law, as the lieutenantgovernor of the Kingdom of Hungary in late December 1765. From the official papers, it is possible to ascertain the reasons given for changes in personnel in the Hungarian Royal Lieutenancy Council, the primary government body (of which the Prince was the president) responsible for domestic policy in Hungary. The period under consideration is between 1765 and 1771. The influence of Prince Albert, an outsider in Hungary, was hardly discernable in the early four years. Appointments were invariably decided by the sovereign, Queen Maria Theresa. During this time, Prince Albert’s role was mostly limited to proposing individuals for non-salaried, so-called supernumerary posts or honorary councillorships. However, following the introduction of a new, more professinalised administration in 1769, the Hungarian Royal Lieutenancy Council required more experienced and qualified staff. Consequently, Prince Albert had the opportunity to advance his trusted officials who had proven their administrative efficiency. He achieved the promotion of talented secretaries to the rank of councillor, for example, even if it occasially involved unorthodox methods. The sources also show that low-paid, lowerranking officials received a pay increase, and from 1776, a special bonus. Hence, the files of the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery clearly demonstrate that Prince Albert had an influential role in proposing candidates for administrative offices.","PeriodicalId":502811,"journal":{"name":"PONTES","volume":"388 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Az egyes felekezetekhez tartozók demográfi ai jellemzői a Magyar Korona országaiban (Magyarország és Horvátország) a 20. század elején/ az első világháború előtt 20 世纪初/第一次世界大战前匈牙利王室国家（匈牙利和克罗地亚）宗教教派的人口特征

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.09

Nagy Mariann

{"title":"Az egyes felekezetekhez tartozók demográfi ai jellemzői a Magyar Korona országaiban (Magyarország és Horvátország) a 20. század elején/ az első világháború előtt","authors":"Nagy Mariann","doi":"10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Th e aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of modernization and the most important demographic indicators of religions. Correlation analyses, which helped us to draw the conclusion, were produced by Statistica for Windows. Our study is based on statistical publications on national level. Hungary was one of the most diversified countries in terms of religions before World War I. Croatia was different from Hungary in terms of religious diversity, as the majority of its population was Roman Catholic and 25% Orthodox. First, we examine the relationship between religion and mother tongue. Then we analyse the demographic indicators of each religion. What immediately attracts our attention is the great diff erence in all indicators, like crude birth, death, natural increase and marriage rates. But more sophisticated indicators behave in similar manner. There was considerable diff erence in fertility, in rate of infant and child mortality. In addition, seasonality of marriages, marital age and the rates of religiously mixed marriages vary greatly from denomination to denomination. Moreover, there was considerable difference in the demographic indicators of the same religions between Hungary and Croatia.","PeriodicalId":502811,"journal":{"name":"PONTES","volume":"130 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A katolikus papi hivatás és normatív elvárások a 18. század második és a 19. század első felében 18 世纪下半叶和 19 世纪上半叶天主教神父的使命和规范性期望

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.04

Gőzsy Zoltán

引用次数: 0

A vármegyei tisztikarok és karrierutak kutatásának historiográfi ája, forrás- és módszertani lehetőségei 研究公国官员和仕途的史学、资料来源和方法论可能性

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.05

Péntér Tamás, Kovács Dániel László

引用次数: 0

„jutalmát adom fáradtságuknak” "我将奖励他们的劳动

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.06

Szilágyi Adrienn

{"title":"„jutalmát adom fáradtságuknak”","authors":"Szilágyi Adrienn","doi":"10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Th e focus of this study is on the retirement of officers of large estates and pension regulations. The pensions have increasingly become part of the career path and employer commitment. At the same time, pensions provided an economic incentive for officers to stay in offi ce, on the other hand, ensured their loyalty to the landlords and their lifelong service. The social side of these measures is also evident, as they imply the provision of care for officers in case of illness or old age. In fact, the insurance also extended to the families of officers, as financial support was available to their surviving widows and orphans, even as the provisions became tighter and more restrictive. I based my analysis on the pension regulations issued by the Károlyi family at different times, and then analysed the evolution of pension payments on the basis of the family’s joint treasury statements. It is clear that the maintenance and payment of pensions was, if not the largest, then a signifi cant investment for the estate government. In later years, the landlords tightened the scope of eligibility precisely on the basis of the size of this expense, until by the second half of the 19th century the landlord had created a pension fund, obliging officers to contribute. Further afield, the employment relationship between large landowners and officers was now a regulated model between worker and employer, established and maintained by the estate government under private law.","PeriodicalId":502811,"journal":{"name":"PONTES","volume":"51 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

„Tolna vármegye német községeit három csoportban meglátogatni szándékozom…” "我打算分三批访问托尔纳县的德国村庄......"

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.10

Csibi Norbert

{"title":"„Tolna vármegye német községeit három csoportban meglátogatni szándékozom…”","authors":"Csibi Norbert","doi":"10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The following report was written by György Steuer, Government Commissioner for Germans in Hungary (1922–1929) during his first year in office. His task at that time was to draw up proposals for the Prime Minister for the treatment of Germans in Hungary. The report on his tour in the German villages of the Völgység can be an important source on the local situation of the German village population in the early 1920s. Th e source provides us a kind of snapshot from below on the social and cultural conditions of the German villages of the district, furthermore, it give us insight on their mentality and local socio-political movements. We may see all of this, of course, through the lens worn by Steuer – honed to the focal points indicated in the introductory study. Seeing through Steuer’s eyes, it is also clear that, in addition to economic issues, the school question was at the centre of discussions during the visits of the government commissioners. Also, Steuer did not directly detect the presence of Reichsdeutsch (alldeutsch) in the municipalities, but only referred to it in general, unspecific remarks. Th is further shows how important it is to find sources and aspects of the study of Hungarian–German coexistence, that do not focus attention exclusively on the history of the confl icts, since these were not the fundamental determinants of the events of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":502811,"journal":{"name":"PONTES","volume":"58 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Önkormányzatból hivatal? 从地方政府到办公室？

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.07

Dobszay Tamás

引用次数: 0

The defender of orphans 孤儿的捍卫者

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.01

H. N. István

{"title":"The defender of orphans","authors":"H. N. István","doi":"10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the middle of the 17th century a transformation of states can be observed. The strives of early absolutist states were aimed at the increase of their economic and, in turn, their military potential. These goals were served by social policy measures aimed at increasing economic effi ciency and increasing state revenues. The development of central administration and regulations for orphan aff airs also served to maintain labour force and economic potential. The preservation of orphans’ property was intended to keep the economy going, and in the case of destitutes, orphanages intended to concentrate the workforce. The measures introduced in the German principalities soon appeared in the provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the first quarter of the 17th century, the first theoretical work on orphan aff airs was written, and in the second half of the century it was followed by the first royal decree based on the principles set out in this volume. The aim of these provisions was to ensure the preservation and the control of the assets of the orphans by state means. Similar provisions to the Monarchy’s provinces were enacted in the Hungarian Kingdom in the last third of the 17th century. The offices introduced in the Austrian provinces, the separate Orphan’s Court (árvaszámvevőszék), the keeping of register on orphans (árvakönyv), and the continuous scrutiny of guardians were introduced in the free royal towns in the first third of the 18th century. All of this went parallel with the administrative reforms ordered in towns. The reform measures introduced regarding orphan affairs were realized at a varying pace one town to another, but by the end of the first third of the 18th century, the orphan regulations developed in the Austrian provinces had become established in all the free royal towns.","PeriodicalId":502811,"journal":{"name":"PONTES","volume":"1056 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Különböző nominális források összekapcsolásának módszertani lépései 连接不同名义来源的方法步骤

PONTES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.15170/pontes.2023.06.01.08

Gyimesi Réka

引用次数: 0