Journal of Asian Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Early Miocene adakitic granites in the Menderes Massif (western Türkiye)","authors":"Ömer Kamacı","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Menderes Massif, a significant Alpide metamorphic complex in Türkiye, is recognized as one of the most extensively studied core complexes globally, characterized by <em>syn</em>-extensional intrusions with diverse geochemical characteristics. Among these is the Güneşli granite, located in the northern Gördes submassif, which intrudes the basement migmatites. This study presents the petrography, geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotope compositions, and U-Pb zircon dating of the Güneşli granite. The intrusion consists of monzogranite, granodiorite and a late-stage pegmatite. Granodiorite is located in the core zone, while monzogranite contacts migmatites. Textures and contact relationships suggest shallow emplacement. U-Pb zircon dating yields an Early Miocene age of 22.3 ± 1.2 Ma. Geochemically, the Güneşli granite has high SiO₂ (&gt;71.6 wt%) and is slightly peraluminous (ASI = 1.0–1.1), classifying it as I-type granite. It shows calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline affinities. Source characteristics indicate high-K mafic rocks to tonalite. The high Sr/Y (avg 47.5 ppm) and La_N/Yb_N (avg 32.4 ppm) ratios, and Eu/Eu* (0.8 to 1.4), suggest an adakitic signature. Its potassic nature (K₂O/Na₂O &gt; 0.5) and low MgO content suggest derivation from lower crustal depths rather than slab melting. Additionally, high Dy_N/Yb_N and La_N/Yb_N ratios indicate garnet presence in the source. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and εNd values range from 0.709275 to 0.712199 and from −10.6 to −7.3, suggesting the possibility of upper crustal assimilation during crystallization. The Güneşli granite was likely derived from deep crustal sections of the Menderes Massif during the Aegean extensional period, coinciding with Early Miocene core complex exhumations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relocation of major earthquakes in India from 1905 to 2011 using a non-linear probabilistic approach","authors":"Rinku Mahanta ,&nbsp;Vipul Silwal ,&nbsp;Adarsh Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Vipin Kumar Maurya ,&nbsp;C.P. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We perform probabilistic hypocentral location inversion for 10 major earthquakes in India that occurred since the dawn of the seismological instrumental era in 1904. A non-linear inversion approach with an efficient global sampling algorithm is used to obtain an estimate of the probability density function (PDF) in 3D space for the hypocenter estimation. The objective function that is minimized is an equal-differential traveltime formulation, that quantifies the difference between the observed and synthetic traveltimes for a pair of stations. Significant improvement in hypocentral location is obtained for five earthquakes in our dataset that occurred before the installation of the WWSSN network. The improvement and standardization of the global seismometer network in the 1960s led to more accurate and consistent location estimates across multiple reporting agencies. For post-1960 events, our hypocenter estimates are consistent with those reported by other authors. In most cases our maximum likelihood location lies in the vicinity of a mapped active fault, thereby providing confidence in our solution. The improvement in location estimate is gauged by measuring traveltime residuals across all stations and the size of the error ellipsoid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of the Late Jurassic Juyuan tungsten deposit in Central Jiangxi, South China: Constraints from in-situ U-Pb dating of wolframite, trace elements of tungsten minerals and Sr isotope of scheelite","authors":"Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanglai Li ,&nbsp;Chengxiang Li ,&nbsp;Xinglin Wei ,&nbsp;Ye Su ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Juyuan tungsten deposit is one of the few large quartz vein-type scheelite deposits in South China, but its ore-forming age and fluid evolution history remain unclear. In this study, we conducted U-Pb dating and trace element analysis of wolframite, as well as trace element and Sr isotope analysis of scheelite using in-situ LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS, respectively. The ore-forming age of the Juyuan tungsten deposit is 155.8 ± 4.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.9), which is consistent with the magmatic age of the Juyuan granite porphyry. Wolframite exhibits a low δEu value and is enriched in Nb and Ta. The formation of Juyuan scheelite occurred in three stages: Sch-I scheelite has a high total REE content, a ‘hump-shaped’ chondrite-normalized REE distribution curve, and the lowest δEu value; Sch-II scheelite also has a high REE content, but the MREE gradually depletes, the chondrite-normalized REE distribution curve flattens, and the δEu value increases; Sch-III scheelite shows significant MREE depletion, a concave distribution curve, and a strong positive Eu anomaly. The ore-forming environment was reduced in the early stage of Juyuan tungsten mineralization, but the introduction of atmospheric precipitation increased oxygen fugacity and decreased salinity. Sr isotope analysis of scheelite confirms that the Juyuan tungsten deposit is genetically related to the granite porphyry, and due to water–rock interactions, the initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphic structure and fault interpretation of the foreland basin system in the middle Taiwan Strait","authors":"Yung-Hsiang Su ,&nbsp;Tan K. Wang ,&nbsp;Sebastian Wege","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2017, we have conducted several surveys to collect multi-channel seismic (MCS) and ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data in the middle Taiwan Strait. From the MCS data analysis, the fault distribution in the middle Taiwan Strait is mainly characterized by the normal faults. However, west of the Changyun Ridge, the fault distribution based on depth migrated sections is dominated by the strike-slip faults characterized by flower structures. The strike-slip faults were initiated between two rifted basins and reactivated after rifting. Based on the focal mechanisms and the striking direction of the faults, the strike-slip faults west of the Changyun Ridge are recognized to be left lateral. Additionally, several east–west trending left-lateral strike-slip faults were found in the middle Taiwan Strait. Based on the MCS data, we found that the changing direction of the strike-slip faults occurred in the middle Taiwan Strait before the formation of Taiwan, and was directly subject to the westward compression from the Philippine Sea Plate and the relative plate motion of the South China Sea with respect to the Philippine Sea Plate. Several 2.5 km-deep P-wave velocity models in the middle Taiwan Strait were imaged through inversion of refracted and reflected arrivals picked from the OBS data. At the boundary between the forebulge and foredeep, as well as within the sediment layers beneath the BU, a significant velocity gradient of approximately 2 s⁻¹ was observed in both the lateral and vertical directions. Additionally, a fault-induced offset of about 0.2 km was identified in the sedimentary interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic evolution of the northeastern Korean continental margin as a transform margin associated with the East Sea back-arc opening","authors":"Hojun Kim ,&nbsp;Young Jae Shinn ,&nbsp;In Kwon Um","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seismic stratigraphy and geological structures of the Eastern Korean Continental Margin (EKCM), which obscure its tectonic origin and relationship to the back-arc evolution of the East Sea. During the back-arc opening, the clockwise rotation of the southwest Japan Arc induced a NW–SE-oriented extensional regime oblique to the EKCM. This oblique extension initiated dextral strike-slip deformation in the northern EKCM, leading to the development of en echelon faults, strike-slip faults, and fissure-type volcanic eruptions. The oblique extension persisted into the Middle Miocene before back-arc closing commenced, and the Sokcho and Mukho basins expanded and subsided through the development of asymmetric negative flower structures. These basins exhibit an overall rhombic geometry and are bounded by lazy-Z-shaped strike-slip faults, indicating pull-apart basin formation under an oblique extensional regime. During the back-arc closing of the East Sea, the northern EKCM underwent thermal subsidence caused by thermal contraction of asthenospheric upwelling at the continental margin of the East Sea. Since the Early Pliocene, E–W-trending compression has led to tectonic inversion, resulting in the reverse reactivation of pre-existing faults, the formation of elongated fault-related folds, and the uplift of fault blocks. The regional NW–SE extensional regime accounts for the dextral strike-slip deformation of the northern and southern EKCM. This study reveals that the EKCM acted as a transform continental margin rather than a rifted continental margin during the fan-shaped opening of the back-arc East Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scandium and gallium in weathered basalts as unconventional resources","authors":"Mei-Fu Zhou ,&nbsp;Wen Winston Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenchao Wang ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Shengbiao Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Meng ,&nbsp;Liang Qi ,&nbsp;Guangfu Xing ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Dai Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Being critical metals, both scandium (Sc) and gallium (Ga) are in high demand because of their usage in advanced technologies. Yet economically viable Sc and Ga deposits are scarce in the world. New and alternative resources are now urgently needed to ensure a stable supply. Cenozoic basalts in East China are voluminous and comprise a volcanic belt for more than 4000 km long. These basalts have geochemical affinities of ocean island basalts (OIB) with variably enriched LREE relative to HREE with average contents ∼ 19 ppm Sc, and ∼ 21 ppm Ga. We report here Sc- and Ga-enriched regolith of basalts in the Lei-Qiong region, the southernmost part of this volcanic belt. These basalts are strongly weathered under the tropical climate and regolith profiles range in thickness from a few meters to 30 m. The weathered basalts have Sc and Ga concentrations ranging from 19 to 50 ppm and 18 to 47 ppm, respectively, up to 2 times higher than the fresh protolith. They are also variably enriched in Nb (8.1 to 126 ppm) and Ti (1.3 to 4.9 wt%). Preliminary estimates suggest a minima of ∼ 0.3 million tonnes each of Sc and Ga in the Lei-Qiong region. Thus, the weathered products of basalts are potentially important sources of Sc and Ga. Although present in low concentrations, Sc and Ga of the regolith could be viable sources of these elements due to ever-increasing demand and easy and cost-efficient mining. If combined with Nb and Ti, the regoliths would have more even more values. Therefore, weathered basalts could become a potentially important source of these metals, which could ultimately contribute to the maintenance of a reliable and stable source of Sc and Ga in the future. Such unconventional resources may impact the global commercial aspects of Sc and Ga in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil generation, retention and expulsion processes of the Lucaogou shale in the Junggar Basin: Constraints from improved swelling experiment and basin modelling","authors":"Shuyong Shi,&nbsp;Tian Liang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang,&nbsp;Yanrong Zou,&nbsp;Yun Shan,&nbsp;Ping’an Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solubility parameters of generated oil are determined by the relative ratios of different oil fractions and vary significantly at different maturation stages. However, previous swelling experiments based on single solvent could only represent the retention behavior for one of oil fractions, which has influence on the accurate evaluation of oil-retention capacity on residual kerogen. In this study, the kerogen of the Lower Permian Lucaogou (P₁l) shale from the Junggar Basin was used to conduct the closed-system pyrolysis experiments and the kinetic parameters were obtained for the evaluation of oil-generation process. The swelling experiments were also performed to evaluate oil-retention amount on residual kerogen. Unlike previous swelling experiments, we chose the mixture of ethyl acetate and <em>iso</em>-octane as swelling solvents, and adjusted the relative ratios to bring the solubility parameter of each mixture close to the generated oil for each pyrolysis temperature as possible. The kinetic model oil generation-retention-expulsion (GRE model) was established based on the results of pyrolysis and swelling experiments. This kinetic model showed that the generated oil of the Lucaogou shale started to expel from the shale when the thermal maturity reached 0.92 %. Furthermore, the GRE model was applied to recover oil generation, retention and expulsion processes of the shale by PetroMod software. The results showed that the generated oil started to expel from the shale at the Late Jurassic (approximately 150 Ma). The current masses of generated, retained and expelled oil of the shale are 12.3, 6.3 and 6.0 × 10⁶ tons/km², respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural geometry and folding style in the North Dezful Embayment and Abadan Plain, Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, SW Iran","authors":"Ali Taghavi ,&nbsp;Hossein Hajialibeigi ,&nbsp;Iraj Abdollahi Fard ,&nbsp;Frédéric Mouthereau","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural geometry within the fold and thrust belts is of particular significance. Consequently, a balanced regional cross-section based on surface, seismic, and subsurface data has been constructed with 236 km lenght perpendicular to the trend of folded strucutres axies in the North Dezful Embayment and the Abadan Plain in the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt. The cross-section is divided into three districts.The geological structural cross-section passes through the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (the NE and SW Dezful Embayment districts) and the Mesopotamian foreland basin (the Abadan Plain district). This cross-section allowed to study the geometry of the thrust and fold structures vertically and horizontally, the link between the structures, and the role of the detachment horizons in the foreland part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt. The folding geometric parameters in each of the anticlines inside the cross-section have been precisely calculated. The NE Dezful Embayment district is marked by the significant activity of the faulting and the detachment horizons, which the thickness of the Gachsaran detachment horizon reaches 5 km after deformation. The thickness of this formation decreases along the SW Dezful Embayment district towards the southwest, and when it enters the Abadan Plain district and loses the salty units, its plastic behaviour declines and it loses its role in controlling the structural style. The fault activity and the detachment horizons decrease toward the southwest, reducing the structural complexity. Anticlines change from open fold to gentle fold based on the interlimb angle. The anticlines in the NE and SW Dezful Embayment districts are associated to the thrust faults and the detachment horizons, but but the anticlines in the Abadan Plain are classified as growth folds, characterized by the absence of significant detachment levels. The shortening observed in the Mishan Formation within this cross-section is 6.5 %. there is harmony in the number of the anticlines and the synclines above and below the Gachsaran detachment horizon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal anisotropy and deformation in the South China Block","authors":"Longchun Qian ,&nbsp;Jianshe Lei ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The South China Block has experienced complex tectonic evolution. To better understand the pattern and causes of its crustal deformation, we investigate crustal anisotropy using Pms receiver functions derived from teleseismic waveforms recorded at 64 permanent stations of the China Earthquake Networks Center. We obtain anisotropic results at 55 stations in the region. Our results show that the fast wave direction (FWD) is NE-SW in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and NNE-SSW in the northern Cathaysia Block, which align with the local tectonic belts, likely reflecting lithospheric extension related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. South of ∼28°N in the Cathaysia Block, the FWD is nearly E-W, possibly controlled by the regional stress regime. In the Yangtze River Delta, the FWDs are more variable and predominantly NE-SW and NW-SE, which likely reflect crosscutting fault systems formed during the Paleo-Pacific subduction since the late Permian and mid-to-late Cenozoic tectonic movements. As a whole, the major cause of the crustal deformation in the eastern South China Block is extension associated with the subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, with additional contributions from the northeastward compression of the Indochina Block, the collision between the South China and North China blocks, as well as the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture and geochemistry of magnetite from the Jinshandian deposit, eastern China: Implications for the formation of high-grade Fe ore in skarn system","authors":"Qiaoqiao Zhu,&nbsp;Guiqing Xie,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Kejun Hou,&nbsp;Lifan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron skarn deposits represent significant sources of high-grade Fe ores, although the mechanisms underlying their efficient enrichment in Fe are not yet fully understood. To investigate the enrichment processes of Fe in the skarn system, texture and geochemistry of magnetite from the Jinshandian Fe deposit located in eastern China were analyzed. Disseminated, friable, and massive ore types are identified at Jinshandian. The friable ore is characterized by loose structure, with minimal or absent cementation minerals interspersed among subhedral to euhedral magnetite crystals. The magnetite at Jinshandian displays significant textural heterogeneity, highlighted by macro- and nanoscale inclusions. Overgrowth and dissolution-reprecipitation (DRP) textures were locally recorded in magnetite. Magnetite grains contains low concentrations of Ti and V, alongside relatively higher Mg, Si, and (Ca+) Al+Mn. Most magnetite grains fall within the skarn field when plotted on geochemical discriminant diagrams. These findings, in conjunction with robust geological evidence, suggest that the Jinshandian deposit originates from intense water–rock interactions. The trace elements in magnetite from the friable ore exhibit similarities to those in disseminated and massive ores, indicating that the friable ore likely formed through a structural softening process that removed soluble cementing minerals (e.g., anhydrite/gypsum and calcite) from the disseminated or massive ore. A comparative analysis of Fe skarn deposits in the Edong district suggests that multiple mechanisms, including accumulation, structural softening, DRP, and superposition processes, may have significantly contributed to the formation of high-grade Fe ores within the skarn system, despite the primary controlling factors varying from one deposit to another.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}