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The activity of the Khanaqin Fault, east of Iraq and west of Iran, as deduced from Neotectonic evidence and seismicity 根据新构造证据和地震活动推断,伊拉克东部和伊朗西部的哈纳沁断裂带的活动
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106653
Varoujan K. Sissakian , Rami Ibrahim , Sangar Ali Ahmed , Samvel A. Mkhitaryan
{"title":"The activity of the Khanaqin Fault, east of Iraq and west of Iran, as deduced from Neotectonic evidence and seismicity","authors":"Varoujan K. Sissakian ,&nbsp;Rami Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Sangar Ali Ahmed ,&nbsp;Samvel A. Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Khanaqin Fault is an N-S extending thrust fault with a shallow dipping angle towards the northeast, with a length of about 125 km. Although the majority of the fault runs in the western side of Iran, it is still called the Khanaqin Fault referring to Khanaqin town in the eastern part of Iraq. In Iraq, the red clastic rocks of the Gercus Formation are thrusted over the carbonate rocks of the Avanah and Pila Spi formations. The Eocene carbonates are thrusted over Oligocene carbonate rocks, which in turn are thrusted over clastic rocks of the Injana Formation; forming a complex of faulted rocks along the border with Iran. The fault planes are not so clear when carbonate rocks are thrusted over carbonate rocks (the second case), whereas in the first and third cases, the fault planes are very clear with a lot of deformations, especially in claystone rocks. On 12 November 2017, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 and a depth of 19 km hit the border area between Iraq and Iran. The epicenter of this earthquake is located 86 km southeast of Sulaymaniyah city and 81 km northeast of Khanaqin town. We have used satellite images and geological maps of different scales to recognize the extension and location of the fault. We also recognized many Neotectonic indications of the region’s tectonic activity. Moreover, the seismic activity recorded for more than a century aligns with the conclusions of this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A deformation-based seismic hazard model for the Makran region 基于形变的马克兰地区地震危险性模型
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106664
A. Lotfi , H. Zafarani , H. Ghadimi , A. Khodaverdian
{"title":"A deformation-based seismic hazard model for the Makran region","authors":"A. Lotfi ,&nbsp;H. Zafarani ,&nbsp;H. Ghadimi ,&nbsp;A. Khodaverdian","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most prevalent approach for evaluating earthquake hazard is the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), which commonly relies on earthquake catalogs. However, in subduction zones like Makran, southeast Iran where the return period of large-magnitude (Mw 7+) characteristics events is more than ∼1000–2000 years, the complementary data from deformation models are crucial to put more efficient constraints on the seismicity activity. An alternative method to address this issue, known as deformation-based PSHA involves estimating activity rates from deformation-based strain rates. Here, we estimate the earthquake occurrence rates for events with <em>M<sub>w</sub></em> 4+ using strain rates derived from a comprehensive deformation model of the Makran region, using complementary regional seismicity parameters, such as <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span>. As a representative, we selected a limited number of points in each seismic province and compared them to their long-term activity rate estimations based on available catalogs. Our deformation-based hazard model estimates higher hazard levels than other catalog-based models, for a substantial portion of the study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A genetic link between magmatic evolution and indium mineralization in the Dulong Sn-polymetallic deposit, Southwest China: Constraints from the compositions of mica and apatite 独龙锡多金属矿床岩浆演化与铟成矿的成因联系——来自云母和磷灰石组成的制约
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106666
Liyuan Wang , Xinhe Deng , Jing Xu , Taiping Zhao , Wenyuan Liu
{"title":"A genetic link between magmatic evolution and indium mineralization in the Dulong Sn-polymetallic deposit, Southwest China: Constraints from the compositions of mica and apatite","authors":"Liyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinhe Deng ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Taiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dulong deposit is a world-class Sn-polymetallic deposit with indium mineralization, which is associated with highly evolved Late Cretaceous S-type granites, indicating the magmatism is crucial for the indium enrichment. Through integrated in-situ geochemical analyses of mica and apatite across variably fractionated granites and country rocks, this study reveals a systematic evolution of redox conditions, halogen chemistry, and metal enrichment during magmatic differentiation. As magmatic evolution progresses, indium and tin contentratons in mica increase progressively, reaching peak vales in the late stage of evolution at Dulong deposit. Notably, indium concentration in muscovite is greater than that in biotite, when muscovite converts into phengite. Apatite and mica compositions indicate low oxygen fugacity (<em>f</em>O<sub>2</sub>) magmatism. Fe-rich biotite in Sn-In-bearing granites contrasts with Mg-biotite in Sn-poor systems, with Fe<sup>3+</sup>/(Fe<sup>2+</sup>+Fe<sup>3+</sup>) ratios &lt; 0.2 confirming reduced fO<sub>2</sub> conditions conducive to indium melt incorporation. Apatite geochemistry reinforces this: low SO<sub>3</sub> (0.01–0.08 wt%), As depletion (14.54–42.10 ppm), and marked negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* &lt;0.4). Multi-proxy evidence collectively confirms a reduced magmatic system. Integrated proxies confirm a reduced magmatic system where progressive redox reduction during differentiation fosters indium enrichment, enhancing metallogenic potential. Concurrently, apatite halogen signatures track magmatic evolution: sustained F enrichment with late Cl spikes aligns with mantle-derived inputs evidenced by mafic enclaves. Although Cl concentrations remain low in the early magmatic stages, their subsequent dramatic increase correlates temporally and genetically with marked enrichment of In and Sn during later evolutionary phases. The mixing of mantle-derived magmas may bring in Cl-rich fluids/melts and related ore-forming materials, which promotes indium mineralization. The concurrent enrichment of halogen elements, F and Cl, plays a crucial role in the extraordinary accumulation of indium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deciphering Sb–Au mineralization event in the Longshan deposit, South China: Linking sulfide geochemistry and hydrothermal alteration 华南龙山矿床锑金成矿事件解读:硫化物地球化学与热液蚀变的联系
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106659
Kui Jiang , Wei Li , Dayong Liu , Guiqing Xie , Lei Cai , Degong Wang
{"title":"Deciphering Sb–Au mineralization event in the Longshan deposit, South China: Linking sulfide geochemistry and hydrothermal alteration","authors":"Kui Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Dayong Liu ,&nbsp;Guiqing Xie ,&nbsp;Lei Cai ,&nbsp;Degong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Longshan is one slate-hosted Sb–Au deposit located in the Jiangnan orogenic belt, South China. It features two sets of mineralized quartz veins, striking in NE and NW directions, respectively. It remains unclear whether these veins are the products of one or two Au–Sb mineralizing event (s). In this study, geological investigation, TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA), coupled with high sensitivity laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) trace elements analyses of pyrite and arsenopyrite were performed to reveal the sulfides (pyrite and arsenopyrite) geochemistry, paragenesis and types of hydrothermal alteration. These results indicate that wallrock hydrothermal alteration is intensive for both vein sets, with the main alteration types being silicification, sericitization, sulfidation, and carbonatization. Detailed texture investigations show that there is an insignificant difference between these two sets of quartz veins, as zoning texture is well-developed for pyrite whereas arsenopyrite shows weak inhomogeneity. LA–ICP–MS trace elements concentrations also display similar ranges such as Au and Sb for both pyrite and arsenopyrite from both sets of veins. Complemented by the time gap between the ore-hosting structure (Late Triassic) and mineralization ages (Late Jurassic), we prefer to explain the formation of two sets quartz veins in the Longshan Sb–Au deposit as resulting from a single pulse of hydrothermal fluid infilling pre-existing structures, rather than from superimposed Sb–Au events. This interpretation explains the similarities in the nature of ore-forming fluids and processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining trace elements of cassiterite as fingerprints for tectonic settings of tin deposits: An example from the SE Asian tin province 锡石微量元素作为锡矿构造背景指纹的研究:以东南亚锡省为例
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106660
Zhi Zhang , Jie-Hua Yang , Jing-Hua Wu , Wei Mao , Qian Hu , Yin-Peng Lu
{"title":"Examining trace elements of cassiterite as fingerprints for tectonic settings of tin deposits: An example from the SE Asian tin province","authors":"Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie-Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Jing-Hua Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Mao ,&nbsp;Qian Hu ,&nbsp;Yin-Peng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Southeast Asia is a major global tin province and consists of three metallogenic belts: the Eastern, Central, and Western belts, which formed in oceanic subduction, continental collision, and post-subduction extensional settings, respectively. This study applies machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting and SHapley Additive exPlanations) to cassiterite trace element data from SE Asia to identify key fingerprint elements and/or element ratios that distinguish these settings. Significant differences in Ti/Hf, Zr/Hf, Sc/Hf, Ti/Fe, and W/U ratios were observed, aligning with machine learning results. Compiling geochemical data from ore-forming granites in the three belts indicates that the elemental composition of cassiterite is closely linked to the geochemical characteristics of the corresponding granites. In the Western belt, mantle degassing contributed to highly evolved, fluorine-rich granites, producing cassiterite with the lowest Ti/Hf, Zr/Hf, and Sc/Hf ratios. The Central belt granites, derived from a reduced crust in a collision setting, enriched fluids in divalent Fe, leading to cassiterite with the highest Ti/Fe ratio. The Eastern belt, associated with fewer W-bearing minerals, shows higher W/U ratios due to limited tungsten depletion in ore-forming fluids. Using these five fingerprints, linear discriminant functions distinguish the three belts with 87% accuracy. Our findings indicate that the volatile content, differentiation, and oxygen fugacity of magma vary with tectonic settings and significantly influence the trace element composition of cassiterite. Therefore, this evolutionary pattern, from tectonic settings to magma properties and ultimately to tin mineralization characteristics, suggests that cassiterite may serve as an effective indicator for determining the tectonic setting of tin deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ore-forming fluid for the formation of banded iron formation-hosted high-grade magnetite ores of the North China Craton: Constraints from pyrite trace elements and sulfur isotopes 华北克拉通带状含铁高品位磁铁矿形成的成矿流体:来自黄铁矿微量元素和硫同位素的约束
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106663
Yi Wang , Li-Xing Li , Hou-Min Li , Jian-Fei Fu , Yang Dai , Xiao-Hui Wang , Xuan Wu
{"title":"Ore-forming fluid for the formation of banded iron formation-hosted high-grade magnetite ores of the North China Craton: Constraints from pyrite trace elements and sulfur isotopes","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Xing Li ,&nbsp;Hou-Min Li ,&nbsp;Jian-Fei Fu ,&nbsp;Yang Dai ,&nbsp;Xiao-Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Xuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Banded iron formation-hosted high-grade iron ore deposits are among the most important global sources of iron. Although less common than hematite ores, high-grade magnetite ores represent another significant type, occurring mainly in northern North China Craton. These ores are generally considered to have formed through the interaction of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids with ∼2.55 Ga BIF protore, yet the nature and origin of ore-forming fluids remain uncertain. Two types of high-grade magnetite deposits have been classified based on their size and alteration features: the Gongchangling type and Qidashan type. In situ trace-element and sulfur isotopic analyses were conducted on pyrite from BIFs, high-grade magnetite ores, and altered rocks surrounding high-grade orebodies. In high-grade magnetite deposits, sulfur isotopes may be influenced by multiple factors, making them less effective in constraining the source of ore-forming fluids, whereas trace element analysis of pyrite could provide more precise insights into fluid nature and source. The ore-forming fluids in both deposits exhibit characteristics of hydrothermal systems associated with deep-seated magmatic activity. In the Gongchangling deposit, the ore-forming fluids were primarily derived from magmatic activity at ∼1.85 Ga, with additional contributions from fluids leaching Paleoproterozoic Co-Ni-rich geological bodies. In contrast, the Qidashan deposit is dominated by As-Se-rich fluids originating from magmatic-hydrothermal activity around ∼2.5 Ga. We propose that deep-seated magmatic activity is fundamental for forming high-grade iron deposits, whereas the development of large-scale deposits, such as the Gongchangling deposit, requires multi-phase hydrothermal activity involving Co-Ni-rich ore-forming fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 106663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Petrogenesis of rodingite in the Ngamring massif, Xigaze ophiolite (Southern Tibet): Implications for the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean 藏南日喀则蛇绿岩中蛇绿岩的岩石成因:对新特提斯洋演化的启示
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106662
Gui-Fang Ou , Zhong’ao Liu , Wen-Yong Duan , Guang-Ming Sun , Xu-Ping Li , Song-Jie Wang
{"title":"Petrogenesis of rodingite in the Ngamring massif, Xigaze ophiolite (Southern Tibet): Implications for the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean","authors":"Gui-Fang Ou ,&nbsp;Zhong’ao Liu ,&nbsp;Wen-Yong Duan ,&nbsp;Guang-Ming Sun ,&nbsp;Xu-Ping Li ,&nbsp;Song-Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rodingites, although volumetrically minor, are integral to the Yarlung Zangbo ophiolites in southern Tibet. However, their tectonic setting, protolith, petrogenesis, and fluid sources remain incompletely understood. This study focuses on rodingites from the Ngamring massif of the Xigaze ophiolite, central Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ), integrating petrology, mineral and whole-rock geochemistry, and phase equilibrium modeling. The rodingites are structurally heterogeneous and classified into type IA and IB, both featuring metasomatic assemblages of prehnite, chlorite, garnet, and salitic clinopyroxene. Phase equilibrium modeling constrains their formation to low pressure–temperature conditions (&lt;4 kbar and 200–290 °C), while relict magmatic clinopyroxenes with high Mg# values [73–87; Mg# = MgO/(MgO + FeO), with all measured iron considered as FeO] suggest a gabbroic protolith crystallized at ∼ 6.0–7.4 kbar. Both rodingites types display rare earth and multi-element patterns similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), comparable to other MORB-like rodingites within the Xigaze ophiolite. The host peridotites show trace-element features characteristic of abyssal peridotites, representing residues after ∼ 7–14 % spinel-facies melting of a depleted MORB mantle-like source. The rodingites have variable <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios (0.7036–0.7054) and MORB-like ɛNd(<em>t</em>) values (7.3–8.6), suggesting interactions between MOR-derived gabbroic protoliths and serpentinizing fluids derived from the peridotite. Given the presence of metamorphic soles with MORB-type protoliths and both MORB-like and supra-subduction zone magmatic rocks in the YZSZ, it is suggested that the ophiolites likely originated in a MOR environment before evolving into a supra-subduction zone setting as the Neo-Tethys ridge transitioned into an infant subduction system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Updating the timeline of faunal endemism in Balkanatolia, the biogeographic province connecting Europe, Asia and Africa 更新巴尔干半岛(连接欧洲、亚洲和非洲的生物地理省)动物特有的时间轴
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106661
Leny Montheil , Alexis Licht , Deniz İbilioğlu , Paul Botté , Faruk Ocakoğlu , François Demory , Gilles Ruffet , Abel Guihou , Mustafa Kaya , Benjamin Raynaud , Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz , Pierre Deschamps , Grégoire Métais , Pauline Coster , K. Christopher Beard
{"title":"Updating the timeline of faunal endemism in Balkanatolia, the biogeographic province connecting Europe, Asia and Africa","authors":"Leny Montheil ,&nbsp;Alexis Licht ,&nbsp;Deniz İbilioğlu ,&nbsp;Paul Botté ,&nbsp;Faruk Ocakoğlu ,&nbsp;François Demory ,&nbsp;Gilles Ruffet ,&nbsp;Abel Guihou ,&nbsp;Mustafa Kaya ,&nbsp;Benjamin Raynaud ,&nbsp;Mehmet Serkan Akkiraz ,&nbsp;Pierre Deschamps ,&nbsp;Grégoire Métais ,&nbsp;Pauline Coster ,&nbsp;K. Christopher Beard","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balkanatolia is a Paleogene insular biogeographic province, spanning from southeastern Europe to the Caucasus. It is located at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa, from which it remained isolated until the late Eocene, fostering endemism, particularly among mammals. However, the timing of emergence of Balkanatolia as an independent biogeographic province remain debated due to the paucity of the fossil record and loose age constraints. Here, we refine this timing by combining magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, geochronology and sedimentology to date three fossil sites of central Anatolia (Çamili Mezra, Ciçekdagi, and Bultu-Zile). These sites have yielded remains of embrithopods, a clade of large herbivorous afrotherian mammals that originated in Africa and dispersed across the Neotethys to reach Balkanatolia where they diversified. The Çamili Mezra locality yield an age spanning from 46.2 Ma to 43.5 Ma, likely around ∼ 45 Ma based on accumulation rates, the Ciçekdagi locality is dated to the very base of Chron C20r (ca. 46.2 Ma) and the Bultu-Zile locality yield overlapping 46.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 45.1 ± 0.9 Ma ages. Overall, these fossil localities are coherently dated to the early Lutetian and represent the oldest unequivocally embrithopod-bearing sites of the northern Neotethysian shores. They provide an early Lutetian minimum age for Balkanatolian endemism, its emergence as an independent biogeographic province and for the overwater dispersal of embrithopods out of Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subsurface thermal properties in the deepwater South Makassar Basin, Indonesia 印度尼西亚南望加锡盆地深水的地下热特性
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106651
Feisal Dirgantara , Susilohadi Susilohadi , Imam Suyanto , Mohammad Andri Syahrir Iskandar
{"title":"Subsurface thermal properties in the deepwater South Makassar Basin, Indonesia","authors":"Feisal Dirgantara ,&nbsp;Susilohadi Susilohadi ,&nbsp;Imam Suyanto ,&nbsp;Mohammad Andri Syahrir Iskandar","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandwiched between southeastern Kalimantan and southwestern Sulawesi, the widespread presence of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in the deepwater failed rift of the South Makassar Basin strongly indicates the extensive occurence of methane hydrates. Despite the region’s long petroleum exploration history, the understanding of thermal signatures in the basin remains enigmatic. This study utilized thirty-two legacy multi-channel seismic data surveys to derive heat flow, geothermal gradients, and thermal conductivity from BSRs. By assuming the depth range where methane hydrates remain stable, BSRs can act as a proxy for deducing information related to thermal properties when direct thermal measurements are scarce. Estimated thermal properties indicate a mean heat flow of 86 mW/m<sup>2</sup>, a mean geothermal gradient of 73 °C/km, and a mean thermal conductivity of 1.19 W/m.°C at water depth between 400 and 2050 m. These values differ from marine-probe references in the area, with heat flow and thermal conductivity being on average 34 % and 58 % higher, respectively, geothermal gradients being 13 % lower, and geothermal gradients averaging 30 % higher than exploration wells. The variance between the drilling depth at which methane hydrates were penetrated in three exploration wells and the theoretical base of methane hydrate stability zone vary between a deviation of 6–19 m. Discrepancies in thermal properties values and depth of methane hydrates are attributed to methodological disparities, uncertainties in theoretical assumptions, and geological factors such as thermal uplift from the mantle beneath the thinned lithosphere and localized fluid advection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50253,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 106651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution of deep water circulation in the South China Sea since 32 million years ago 3200万年前以来南海深水环流演化
IF 2.7 3区 地球科学
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2025.106654
Hao-Wei Huang , Chih-Hua Chen , Zhifei Liu , Kuo-Fang Huang , Chuan-Hsiung Chung , Chen-Feng You
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