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Techno-Economic Analysis of the Business Potential of Second-Life Batteries in Ostrobothnia, Finland 芬兰 Ostrobothnia 地区二次电池商业潜力的技术经济分析

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010036

Sami Lieskoski, J. Tuuf, Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho

{"title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of the Business Potential of Second-Life Batteries in Ostrobothnia, Finland","authors":"Sami Lieskoski, J. Tuuf, Margareta Björklund-Sänkiaho","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010036","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to tackle climate change, various sectors, including the transport sector, are turning towards increased electrification. As a result, there has been a swift increase in the sales of electric vehicles (EVs) that use lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). When LIBs reach their end of life in EVs, it may still be possible to use them in other, less demanding applications, giving them a second life. This article describes a case study where the feasibility of a hypothetical business repurposing Tesla Model S/X batteries in the Ostrobothnia region, Finland, is investigated. A material-flow analysis is conducted to estimate the number of batteries becoming available for second-life applications from both the Ostrobothnia region and Finland up to 2035. The cost of repurposing batteries is evaluated for four different scenarios, with the batteries being processed either on the pack, module, or cell level. Three scenarios were found to be feasible, with repurposing costs of 27.2–38.3 EUR/kWh. The last scenario, in which all battery packs are disassembled at the cell level, was found not to be feasible due to the labor intensiveness of disassembly and testing at the cell level. This work gives indications of the potential for repurposing batteries in the Ostrobothnia region and Finland.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"57 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bismuth Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Porous Carbon Skeleton as Stable Chloride-Storage Electrodes for Seawater Desalination 封装在多孔碳骨架中的纳米铋粒子作为稳定的氯化物存储电极用于海水淡化

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010035

Xiaoqing Dong, Ying Wang, Qian Zou, Chaolin Li

{"title":"Bismuth Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Porous Carbon Skeleton as Stable Chloride-Storage Electrodes for Seawater Desalination","authors":"Xiaoqing Dong, Ying Wang, Qian Zou, Chaolin Li","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010035","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-effective bismuth (Bi) boasts a high theoretical capacity and exceptional selectivity towards Cl- ion storage, making it a promising material for desalination batteries (DBs). However, the substantial volume expansion and low conductivity severely hinder the cycling performance of Bi-based DBs. In this study, a carbon-layer-coated Bi nanocomposite (Bi@C) was synthesized by pyrolyzing a metal–organic framework (Bi-MOF) containing Bi using a straightforward method. The results show that the Bi@C synthesized under the condition of annealing at 700 °C for 2 h has the optimum properties. The Bi@C has good multiplication performance, and the desalination capacity is 106.1 mg/g at a high current density of 1000 mA/g. And the material exhibited a high desalination capacity of 141.9 mg/g at a current density of 500 mA/g and retained 66.9% of its capacity after 200 cycles. In addition, the Bi@C can operate at a wide range of NaCl concentrations from 0.05 to 2 mol/L. The desalination mechanism analysis of the Bi@C revealed that the carbon coating provides space for Bi particles to expand in volume, thereby mitigating the issues of electrode material powdering and shedding. Meanwhile, the porous carbon skeleton establishes electron and ion channels to enhance the electrode material’s conductivity. This research offers a promising strategy for the application of chloride-storage electrode materials in electrochemical desalination systems.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"45 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on Modeling and SOC/SOH Estimation of Batteries for Automotive Applications 汽车应用电池建模和 SOC/SOH 估算综述

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010034

Pierpaolo Dini, Antonio Colicelli, Sergio Saponara

{"title":"Review on Modeling and SOC/SOH Estimation of Batteries for Automotive Applications","authors":"Pierpaolo Dini, Antonio Colicelli, Sergio Saponara","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010034","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized the portable and stationary energy industry and are finding widespread application in sectors such as automotive, consumer electronics, renewable energy, and many others. However, their efficiency and longevity are closely tied to accurately measuring their SOC and state of health (SOH). The need for precise algorithms to estimate SOC and SOH has become increasingly critical in light of the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in industrial and automotive applications. While the benefits of lithium-ion batteries are undeniable, the challenges related to their efficient and safe management cannot be overlooked. Accurate estimation of SOC and SOH is crucial for ensuring optimal battery management, maximizing battery lifespan, optimizing performance, and preventing sudden failures. Consequently, research and development of reliable algorithms for estimating SOC and SOH have become an area of growing interest for the scientific and industrial community. This review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in SOC and SOH estimation algorithms for lithium-ion batteries. The most recent and promising theoretical and practical techniques used to address the challenges of accurate SOC and SOH estimation will be examined and evaluated. Additionally, critical evaluation of different approaches will be highlighted: emphasizing the advantages, limitations, and potential areas for improvement. The goal is to provide a clear view of the current landscape and to identify possible future directions for research and development in this crucial field for technological innovation.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"121 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charging Stations for Large-Scale Deployment of Electric Vehicles 大规模部署电动汽车的充电站

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010033

A. Benmouna, Laurence Borderiou, Mohamed Becherif

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Modeling and Safety Protection Strategy for Thermal Runway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules under Multi-Factor Influences 多因素影响下锂离子电池模块热跑道传播的综合建模和安全保护策略

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010031

Zhixiong Chai, Junqiu Li, Ziming Liu, Zhengnan Liu, Xin Jin

{"title":"Comprehensive Modeling and Safety Protection Strategy for Thermal Runway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules under Multi-Factor Influences","authors":"Zhixiong Chai, Junqiu Li, Ziming Liu, Zhengnan Liu, Xin Jin","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the challenge of thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery modules and presents a safety protection design method based on a thermal propagation model. Firstly, it systematically analyzes the triggering mechanisms of thermal runaway in batteries, establishes a model for cell thermal runaway, and calibrates the model parameters through experiments. Secondly, by integrating the cell thermal runaway model and considering the three-dimensional structure of the battery module, a comprehensive thermal runaway propagation model is developed and validated. Subsequently, a simulation study on thermal runaway propagation, incorporating multi-factor influences and typical operating conditions, is conducted using the established thermal propagation model for the battery module. The study elucidates the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of the battery module under different safety protection strategies. The findings highlight that the proposed safety protection strategy effectively mitigates thermal propagation within the battery module, particularly when the thermal runaway is influenced by multiple factors.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"122 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques on a Scalable Novel Hybrid Thermal Management Strategy for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs 锂离子电池组可扩展新型混合热管理策略的热传导增强技术研究

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010032

Seham Shahid, M. Agelin-chaab

{"title":"Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques on a Scalable Novel Hybrid Thermal Management Strategy for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs","authors":"Seham Shahid, M. Agelin-chaab","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel hybrid thermal management strategy, which uses secondary coolants (air and fluid) to extract heat from a phase change material (paraffin), resulting in an increase in the phase change material’s heat extraction capability and the battery module’s overall thermal performance. A novel cold plate design is developed and placed between the rows and columns of the cells. The cold plate contains a single fluid body to improve the thermal performance of the battery module. Experimental studies were conducted to obtain the temperature and heat flux profiles of the battery module. Moreover, a numerical model is developed and validated using the experimental data obtained. The numerical data stayed within ±2% of the experimental data. In addition, the ability of nanoparticles to increase the thermal conductivity of water is examined and it is found that the cooling from the liquid cooling component is not sensitive enough to capture the 0.32 W/m K increase in the thermal conductivity of the fluid. Furthermore, in order to enhance the air cooling, fins were added within the air duct to the cold plate. However, this is not feasible, as the pressure drop through the addition of the fins increased by ~245%, whereas the maximum temperature of the battery module reduced by only 0.6 K. Finally, when scaled up to an entire battery pack at a high discharge rate of 7 C, the numerical results showed that the overall temperature uniformity across the pack was 1.14 K, with a maximum temperature of 302.6 K, which was within the optimal operating temperature and uniformity ranges. Therefore, the developed thermal management strategy eliminates the requirement of a pump and reservoir and can be scaled up or down according to the energy and power requirements.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"116 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements and Challenges in Solid-State Battery Technology: An In-Depth Review of Solid Electrolytes and Anode Innovations 固态电池技术的进步与挑战：固体电解质和负极创新的深入评述

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010029

Abniel Machín, Carmen Morant, F. Márquez

{"title":"Advancements and Challenges in Solid-State Battery Technology: An In-Depth Review of Solid Electrolytes and Anode Innovations","authors":"Abniel Machín, Carmen Morant, F. Márquez","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010029","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in solid-state batteries (SSBs), with a focus on recent advancements in solid electrolytes and anodes. The paper begins with a background on the evolution from liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries to advanced SSBs, highlighting their enhanced safety and energy density. It addresses the increasing demand for efficient, safe energy storage in applications like electric vehicles and portable electronics. A major part of the paper analyzes solid electrolytes, key to SSB technology. It classifies solid electrolytes as polymer-based, oxide-based, and sulfide-based, discussing their distinct properties and application suitability. The review also covers advancements in anode materials for SSBs, exploring materials like lithium metal, silicon, and intermetallic compounds, focusing on their capacity, durability, and compatibility with solid electrolytes. It addresses challenges in integrating these anode materials, like the interface stability and lithium dendrite growth. This review includes a discussion on the latest analytical techniques, experimental studies, and computational models to understand and improve the anode–solid electrolyte interface. These are crucial for tackling interfacial resistance and ensuring SSBs’ long-term stability and efficiency. Concluding, the paper suggests future research and development directions, highlighting SSBs’ potential in revolutionizing energy storage technologies. This review serves as a vital resource for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in advanced battery technology development. It offers a detailed overview of materials and technologies shaping SSBs’ future, providing insights into current challenges and potential solutions in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":"5 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries 锂离子电池可持续回收工艺概述

Batteries Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.3390/batteries10010027

Daniele Marchese, C. Giosué, A. Staffolani, Massimo Conti, S. Orcioni, F. Soavi, Matteo Cavalletti, P. Stipa

{"title":"An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Daniele Marchese, C. Giosué, A. Staffolani, Massimo Conti, S. Orcioni, F. Soavi, Matteo Cavalletti, P. Stipa","doi":"10.3390/batteries10010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10010027","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can play a crucial role in the decarbonization process that is being tackled worldwide; millions of electric vehicles are already provided with or are directly powered by LIBs, and a large number of them will flood the markets within the next 8–10 years. Proper disposal strategies are required, and sustainable and environmental impacts need to be considered. Despite still finding little applicability in the industrial field, recycling could become one of the most sustainable options to handle the end of life of LIBs. This review reports on the most recent advances in sustainable processing for spent LIB recycling that is needed to improve the LIB value chain, with a special focus on green leaching technologies for Co-based cathodes. Specifically, we provide the main state of the art for sustainable LIB recycling processes, focusing on the pretreatment of spent LIBs; we report on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies on the usage of acids, including mineral as well as organic ones; and summarize the recent innovation for the green recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs, including electrochemical methods. The advantage of using green leaching agents, such as organic acids, which represent a valuable option towards more sustainable recycling processes, is also discussed. Organic acids can, indeed, reduce the economic, chemical, and environmental impacts of LIBs since post-treatments are avoided. Furthermore, existing challenges are identified herein, and suggestions for improving the effectiveness of recycling are defined.","PeriodicalId":502356,"journal":{"name":"Batteries","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0