ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12080158
Jian Zhang, Shi-jun Wu, Ziying Wu, Feng Zhang, Bo Jin, Canjun Yang
{"title":"Review of Underwater In Situ Voltammetry Analyzers for Trace Metals","authors":"Jian Zhang, Shi-jun Wu, Ziying Wu, Feng Zhang, Bo Jin, Canjun Yang","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12080158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080158","url":null,"abstract":"This review is a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in underwater in situ heavy metal voltammetric analyzers (UIHVAs). It explores various types of in situ voltammetric analyzers, including the voltammetric in situ profiling system, submersible integrated multi-channel trace metal sensing probes, vibrating gold microwire electrode voltammetric analyzers, and electrochemical analyzers designed for on-site flow measurements. It also covers electrochemical sensors based on flexible liquid crystal polymers, deep-sea mercury sensors, and other in situ electrochemical analyzers. This review systematically examines the research and development progress of microelectrode arrays, screen-printed, carbon, bismuth, antimony, and lab-on-a-chip electrodes. The final section looks at key trends in the research and development of voltammetric analyzers, highlighting the exploration of novel working electrodes, the integration of smart monitoring and data analysis technologies, and the promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. From a global perspective, in situ heavy metal voltammetric analysis technology has demonstrated significant applicability in various fields, such as environmental monitoring, marine science, and biogeochemistry. This technology holds considerable potential for further development. However, extensive research and continuous improvement are required to improve detection performance. We are convinced that with continued technological advances and dedicated research efforts, these challenges can be overcome and will pave the way for the widespread application of UIHVAs.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12080157
D. Lospinoso, A. Colombelli, R. Rella, M. G. Manera
{"title":"Rational Design and Optimization of Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Applications","authors":"D. Lospinoso, A. Colombelli, R. Rella, M. G. Manera","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12080157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080157","url":null,"abstract":"The design and optimization of plasmonic nanohole arrays (NHAs) as transducers for efficient bioanalytical sensing is a rapidly growing field of research. In this work, we present a rational method for tailoring the optical and functional properties of Au NHAs realized on planar transparent substrates. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate how the far- and near-field properties of the NHAs can be controlled and optimized for specific sensing applications, proving a valuable insight into the distribution of electric fields generated on the nanostructured metal surface and the depth of penetration into the surrounding media. Metal thickness is found to play a crucial role in determining the sensing volume, while the diameter of the nanoholes affects the localization of the electromagnetic field and the extent of the decay field. The remarkable surface and bulk refractive index sensitivities observed a rival performance of more complex geometric designs reported in the recent literature, showcasing their outstanding potential for chemo-biosensing applications.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12080159
V. Osuna, Eider Pedro Aparicio Martínez, Rocio B. Dominguez, Alejandro Vega Rios
{"title":"A Review on the Advances in Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Working in Physiological Conditions","authors":"V. Osuna, Eider Pedro Aparicio Martínez, Rocio B. Dominguez, Alejandro Vega Rios","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12080159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080159","url":null,"abstract":"Although an enzymatic electrochemical biosensor is a major keystone in Diabetes Mellitus management, its replacement with a low-cost and stable non-enzymatic glucose sensor (NEGS) is of high interest to scientific and industrial fields. However, most NEGS for direct glucose electrooxidation (DGE) must be performed under extreme alkaline conditions, implying additional pretreatments before detection and a limited application for on-body, real-time monitoring. Thus, research on DGE in physiological conditions is fundamental to successfully translating the current NEGS into clinical applications. In physiological conditions, drawbacks such as low current, low selectivity, and poisoning appear due to the reduction of OH ions in neutral electrolytes and the presence of chloride ions in biofluids. Therefore, an increasing number of nanomaterials based on Pt, Au, and their nanocomposites have been proposed to improve the electrochemical performance. Additionally, transition metals such as Cu, Pd, Ni, or Co combined with high surface area supports have shown promising results in increasing catalytic sites for DGE. The molecular interaction of phenylboronic acid with glucose has also been demonstrated in neutral conditions. Overall, the present review summarizes the current strategies for DGE in physiological conditions and highlights the challenges still faced for further development of functional glucose NEGS.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"59 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12080144
Camelia Albu, Ana Chira, Alice Stoica, Gabriel-Lucian Radu, A. Radoi, M. Stoian, O. Simionescu, Sandra A. V. Eremia
{"title":"N-Doped Nanocrystalline Graphite Electrochemical Sensor for Oleuropein Detection from Extra Virgin Olive Oils","authors":"Camelia Albu, Ana Chira, Alice Stoica, Gabriel-Lucian Radu, A. Radoi, M. Stoian, O. Simionescu, Sandra A. V. Eremia","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12080144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12080144","url":null,"abstract":"A nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline electrochemical graphite sensor for the sensitive determination of oleuropein (OL) from extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) is presented. The sensor was developed by the deposition of nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) on silicon wafers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to characterise the microstructure and morphology of the developed materials. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the material and the performance of the sensor. The developed sensor showed good analytical performance against OL over a concentration range of 5.00–500.00 µM, with a good detection limit of 3.93 µM and a good sensitivity of 0.057 µA µM−1. The reproducibility of the electrochemical sensor was excellent, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8.56% for seven measurements.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070143
M. A. Butt, R. Piramidowicz
{"title":"Integrated Photonic Sensors for the Detection of Toxic Gasses—A Review","authors":"M. A. Butt, R. Piramidowicz","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070143","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensing is crucial for detecting hazardous gasses in industrial environments, ensuring safety and preventing accidents. Additionally, it plays a vital role in environmental monitoring and control, helping to mitigate pollution and protect public health. Integrated photonic gas sensors are important due to their high sensitivity, rapid response time, and compact size, enabling precise recognition of gas concentrations in real-time. These sensors leverage photonic technologies, such as waveguides and resonators, to enhance performance over traditional gas sensors. Advancements in materials and fabrication techniques could further improve their efficiency, making them invaluable for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare diagnostics. In this review, we delved into photonic gas sensors that operate based on the principles of evanescent field absorption (EFA) and wavelength interrogation methods. These advanced sensing mechanisms allow for highly sensitive and selective gas detection, leveraging the interplay of light with gas molecules to produce precise measurements.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070142
Luca Pasquale Renzullo, Ines Tavoletta, G. Alberti, Luigi Zeni, M. Pesavento, N. Cennamo
{"title":"Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Glyphosate Detection at an Ultra-Wide Range","authors":"Luca Pasquale Renzullo, Ines Tavoletta, G. Alberti, Luigi Zeni, M. Pesavento, N. Cennamo","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070142","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on modified plastic optical fibers (POFs) was combined with a specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), used as a synthetic receptor, for glyphosate (GLY) determination in aqueous solutions. Since GLY is a non-selective herbicide associated with severe environmental and health problems, detecting glyphosate in environmental and biological samples remains challenging. The selective interaction between the MIP layer and GLY is monitored by exploiting the SPR phenomenon at the POF’s gold surface. Experimental results show that in about ten minutes and by dropping microliter volume samples, the presented optical–chemical sensor can quantify up to three orders of magnitude of GLY concentrations, from nanomolar to micromolar, due to a thin MIP layer over the SPR surface. The developed optical–chemical sensor presents a detection limit of about 1 nM and can be used for onsite GLY measurements. Moreover, the experimental analysis demonstrated the high selectivity of the proposed POF-based chemical sensor.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070141
Junyoung Park, Youngjun Lee, Jongmin Park
{"title":"Recent Developments in Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Cellular Senescence","authors":"Junyoung Park, Youngjun Lee, Jongmin Park","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070141","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular senescence is a recently emerged research topic in modern biology. Often described as a double-edged sword, it encompasses numerous essential biological processes, including beneficial effects such as wound healing and embryonic development, as well as detrimental contributions to chronic inflammation and tumor development. Consequently, there is an increasing need to unravel the intricate networks of senescence and develop reliable detection methods to distinguish it from related phenomena. To address these challenges, a variety of detection methods have been developed. In particular, small-molecule fluorescent probes offer distinct advantages such as suitability for real-time live cell monitoring and in vivo imaging, superior tunable properties, and versatile applications. In this review, we explored recent advancements in the development of small-molecule fluorescent probes toward monitoring cellular senescence by targeting various senescence-related biological phenomena. These phenomena include the upregulation of senescence-associated enzymes, perturbation of the subcellular environment, and increased endogenous ROS levels. Moreover, multi-senescence biomarker-targeting approaches are also discussed to improve their sensitivities and specificities for the detection of cellular senescence. With recent advances in senescence probe development, current challenges in this field are also discussed to facilitate further progress.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"45 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070140
Md Hasan-Ur Rahman, Rabbi Sikder, Manoj Tripathi, Mahzuzah Zahan, Tao Ye, Etienne Gnimpieba Z., Bharat K. Jasthi, Alan B. Dalton, V. Gadhamshetty
{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Raman Spectroscopy and SERS for Bacterial Pathogen Detection: Clinical, Food Safety, and Environmental Applications","authors":"Md Hasan-Ur Rahman, Rabbi Sikder, Manoj Tripathi, Mahzuzah Zahan, Tao Ye, Etienne Gnimpieba Z., Bharat K. Jasthi, Alan B. Dalton, V. Gadhamshetty","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070140","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting pathogenic bacteria and their phenotypes including microbial resistance is crucial for preventing infection, ensuring food safety, and promoting environmental protection. Raman spectroscopy offers rapid, seamless, and label-free identification, rendering it superior to gold-standard detection techniques such as culture-based assays and polymerase chain reactions. However, its practical adoption is hindered by issues related to weak signals, complex spectra, limited datasets, and a lack of adaptability for detection and characterization of bacterial pathogens. This review focuses on addressing these issues with recent Raman spectroscopy breakthroughs enabled by machine learning (ML), particularly deep learning methods. Given the regulatory requirements, consumer demand for safe food products, and growing awareness of risks with environmental pathogens, this study emphasizes addressing pathogen detection in clinical, food safety, and environmental settings. Here, we highlight the use of convolutional neural networks for analyzing complex clinical data and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for sensitizing early and rapid detection of pathogens and analyzing food safety and potential environmental risks. Deep learning methods can tackle issues with the lack of adequate Raman datasets and adaptability across diverse bacterial samples. We highlight pending issues and future research directions needed for accelerating real-world impacts of ML-enabled Raman diagnostics for rapid and accurate diagnosis and surveillance of pathogens across critical fields.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070139
Yingying Xue, Shimeng Mou, Changming Chen, Weijie Yu, Hao Wan, L. Zhuang, Ping Wang
{"title":"A Novel Electronic Nose Using Biomimetic Spiking Neural Network for Mixed Gas Recognition","authors":"Yingying Xue, Shimeng Mou, Changming Chen, Weijie Yu, Hao Wan, L. Zhuang, Ping Wang","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070139","url":null,"abstract":"Odors existing in natural environment are typically mixtures of a large variety of chemical compounds in specific proportions. It is a challenging task for an electronic nose to recognize the gas mixtures. Most current research is based on the overall response of sensors and uses relatively simple datasets, which cannot be used for complex mixtures or rapid monitoring scenarios. In this study, a novel electronic nose (E-nose) using a spiking neural network (SNN) model was proposed for the detection and recognition of gas mixtures. The electronic nose integrates six commercial metal oxide sensors for automated gas acquisition. SNN with a simple three-layer structure was introduced to extract transient dynamic information and estimate concentration rapidly. Then, a dataset of mixed gases with different orders of magnitude was established by the E-nose to verify the model’s performance. Additionally, random forests and the decision tree regression model were used for comparison with the SNN-based model. Results show that the model utilizes the dynamic characteristics of the sensors, achieving smaller mean squared error (MSE < 0.01) and mean absolute error (MAE) with less data compared to random forest and decision tree algorithms. In conclusion, the electronic nose system combined with the bionic model shows a high performance in identifying gas mixtures, which has a great potential to be used for indoor air quality monitoring in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"52 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemosensorsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12070138
Md. Sajid Hasan, Sangpil Kim, Chaelyeong Lim, Jaeeun Lee, Min-Seok Seu, J. Ryu
{"title":"Organelle Targeting Self-Assembled Fluorescent Probe for Anticancer Treatment","authors":"Md. Sajid Hasan, Sangpil Kim, Chaelyeong Lim, Jaeeun Lee, Min-Seok Seu, J. Ryu","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12070138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070138","url":null,"abstract":"Organic fluorescent probes have attracted attention for bioimaging due to their advantages, including high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and multi-functionality. However, some limitations related to low signal-to-background ratio and false positive and negative signals make them difficult for in situ target detection. Recently, organelle targeting self-assembled fluorescent probes have been studied to meet this demand. Most of the dye molecules suffer from a quenching effect, but, specifically, some dyes like Pyrene, Near-Infrared (NIR), Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Naphthalenediimides (NDI), and Aggregation induced emission (AIE) show unique characteristics when they undergo self-assembly or aggregation. Therefore, in this review, we classified the molecules according to the dye type and provided an overview of the organelle-targeting strategy with an emphasis on the construction of fluorescent nanostructures within complex cellular environments. Results demonstrated that fluorescent probes effectively target and localized inside the organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, and golgi body) and undergo self-assembly to form various nanostructures that possess bio-functionality with long retention time, organelles membrane disruption/ROS generation/enzyme activity suppression ability, and enhanced photodynamic properties for anticancer treatment. Furthermore, we systematically discussed the challenges that remain to be resolved for the high performance of these probes and mentioned some of the future directions for the design of molecules.","PeriodicalId":502217,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"97 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}