Canadian Journal of Plant Science最新文献

AAC GN963 great northern dry bean AAC GN963 北方干豆

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0102

P. Balasubramanian, S. Chatterton, Ahmed Abdelmagid

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Japanese millet: Effects of seeding rate and harvest stage on forage yields 日本小米播种率和收获期对牧草产量的影响

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0077

P. Seguin

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AAC Choo spring barley AAC Choo 春大麦

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0056

R. Khanal, Dan MacEachern, A. Badea, Tanya Copley, Genevieve Telmosse

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Sublethal Dosing Exposure Risk of Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] to Carfentrazone-ethyl Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott]亚致死剂量暴露于乙基毒莠定的风险

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0168

S. Sharpe, Teanna Novek

{"title":"Sublethal Dosing Exposure Risk of Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] to Carfentrazone-ethyl","authors":"S. Sharpe, Teanna Novek","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0168","url":null,"abstract":"Kochia is a troublesome, multiple herbicide-resistant tumbleweed which infests Prairie field crops. Kochia has developed resistance to systemic, foliar-applied herbicides from Groups 2, 4, and 9, leaving only contact herbicides for post-emergence control. Group 14 chemistry is an important mode of action for resistance management. Weed staging considerations are important as recurrent sub-lethal herbicide exposure can increase risk of nontarget site resistance evolution. The study objective was to evaluate loss-of-control and estimate sublethal dosing exposure risk (SLDER) with a contact-type herbicide (carfentrazone-ethyl) based on initial kochia height, leaf number, and branch number. The SLDER from a single application to a single plant was conceptualized to increase due to escaping plant “volume” or immediate flowering. Kochia was only consistently controlled (100% injury) when dosed at ≤ 5cm in height. The estimated maximum size for treated kochia was 21 cm in height, 18 branches plant-1, and the maximum accumulated biomass was between 2.6 to 5.1 g plant-1 for models developed using the initial plant height, branch number, or leaf number as predictors. These estimates represent the largest plant escapes, which would be associated with 100% risk through vegetative considerations into SLDER. Kochia plant size for a 5% risk scenario using the SLDER model was 4 cm in height, 0 branches plant-1, and 11 leaves plant-1 when carfentrazone-ethyl was applied at the labeled dosing. Caution is advised when spraying kochia above 5 cm as incorrect staging may lead to sublethal exposure, escape, reproduction, and escalated risk of nontarget site resistance evolution.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Molecular Assays for Glyphosate and ALS-Inhibitor Resistance Diagnostics in Four Weedy Species 优化四种杂草品种的草甘膦和 ALS 抑制剂抗性诊断分子测定法

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0020

Juliano Sulzback, Ednaldo A. Borgato, Luan Cutti, Erin Hill, Erin Burns, Eric L. Patterson

{"title":"Optimizing Molecular Assays for Glyphosate and ALS-Inhibitor Resistance Diagnostics in Four Weedy Species","authors":"Juliano Sulzback, Ednaldo A. Borgato, Luan Cutti, Erin Hill, Erin Burns, Eric L. Patterson","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide-resistant weeds pose a threat to food production in modern agriculture, causing US$32 billion dollars in crop production losses worldwide. In Michigan, highly troublesome and widespread weeds include waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, and horseweed, with accessions that are resistant to glyphosate (Group 9) and ALS-inhibitors (Group 2), major herbicide sites of action utilized in soybean and corn cropping systems. Molecular assays for rapid resistance diagnostics to confirm the in-field status of herbicide resistance can assist with more effective, timely, and proactive management. In this research, we developed and tested PCR-based assays to identify target-site resistance mechanisms to both herbicide groups through Sanger sequencing and EPSPS copy number variation. Nine different SNPs were identified in five ALS positions known to confer herbicide resistance among all species surveyed. Pro197Ser was the most frequent in horseweed and common ragweed accessions, whereas Trp574Leu was the predominant mutation in Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. Four horseweed accessions contained the Pro106Ser mutation in the EPSPS gene, which confers resistance to glyphosate. Additionally, waterhemp and Palmer amaranth had 2-7 and 20-160 copies of EPSPS, respectively. The assays were validated by comparing genotyping of several field-collected accessions of unknown resistance status with known resistant and susceptible accessions. The efficacy of genotyping assays was > 98%, and required only two days, confirming that molecular assays are a robust tool for rapid resistance diagnostics. These assays can help growers evaluate herbicide resistance status in weed populations within the same growing season, allowing them to adopt effective management practices.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of applied micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and B) and chloride on annual canarygrass 施用微量营养元素（铜、锌、锰和硼）和氯化物对一年生金丝雀草的影响

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0132

William E. May, Afruza Begum, Sarah J. Moreside, Gerard John F. Sikat

{"title":"The effect of applied micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and B) and chloride on annual canarygrass","authors":"William E. May, Afruza Begum, Sarah J. Moreside, Gerard John F. Sikat","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0132","url":null,"abstract":"Annual canarygrass is highly responsive to chloride (Cl-) fertilizer for increasing grain yield. This responsiveness to Cl- raises the question of whether annual canarygrass is similarly responsive to other micronutrients. The effect of micronutrients, Cu, Zn, B and Mn with the basal rate of N, P, K, S, Cl-, on annual canarygrass, was studied using two application methods, soil (side-band at seeding) and foliar (3-6 leaf and flag leaf emergence). Over four years, field research was conducted at two Saskatchewan locations, Indian Head and Melfort using a randomize complete block design (RCBD). A foliar application after flag leaf emergence of either Cu, Zn or Mn provided the best method to increase the concentration of that micronutrient in the leaf tissue during seed filling. Boron concentrations in the leaf were increased during seed filling by soil or foliar treatments containing B at different site-years. Zinc, Cu, and B had no impact on grain yield. A foliar application of Mn affected grain yield at one of 6 site-years and requires further investigation. As expected, soil application of macronutrients + Cl- increased grain yield between 29 and 187% compared to unfertilized treatment in five of six site-years. Melfort in 2015 and 2016, had low levels of tissue Cl- in control treatment. The largest grain yield increases occurred at these sites, suggesting that early season tissue testing maybe use to identify Cl- responsive fields of annual canarygrass. Annual canarygrass is not responsive to Cu, Zn, and B but may be responsive to Mn.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, WEATHER, FHB FUNGICIDE AND PRE-HARVEST GLYPHOSATE ON GRAIN QUALITY OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN WESTERN CANADA 加拿大西部硬红春小麦的基因型、天气、FHB 杀菌剂和收获前草甘膦对谷粒质量的影响

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0151

Kathleen Dorrian, M. Mkhabela, Harry Sapirstein, Paul Bullock

{"title":"EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, WEATHER, FHB FUNGICIDE AND PRE-HARVEST GLYPHOSATE ON GRAIN QUALITY OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN WESTERN CANADA","authors":"Kathleen Dorrian, M. Mkhabela, Harry Sapirstein, Paul Bullock","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0151","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse growing season weather in Western Canada has large effects on wheat quality. Management practices, such as pesticide application, may also affect wheat quality, but are largely unknown. This study measured pesticide application effects on grain quality for six hard red spring wheat cultivars over three growing seasons at four prairie locations. Each Siteyear included (i) an untreated control, (ii) fungicide applied at anthesis for Fusarium head blight (FHB) control, (iii) pre-harvest glyphosate applied at physiological maturity, and (iv) a combination of both pesticides. Generally warmer and drier conditions in 2015 and 2017 compared to 2016, resulted in wheat with higher grades, test weight, thousand-kernel weight, and grain protein content but lower Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) content. Siteyear, reflecting weather variation by location, was the major factor affecting grain quality, contributing from 39% to 77% of total variance. Rainfall variation was greater than that for air temperature and appeared to be the main weather factor affecting quality. Genotype had a significant impact on grain quality but contributed 1% to 20% of total variance. The pesticide treatments had a significant effect on several quality parameters, but they contributed only 0.2% to 2% to total variance, implying that they have no detrimental effect on wheat grain quality when applied as recommended. Fungicide significantly reduced FDK level in four of ten Siteyears, all with high FDK levels, but not when applied at the low FDK Siteyears. Fungicide for FHB control should be used only when weather is conducive to high FHB disease pressure.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early adopter insights on physical impact mill technology for harvest weed seed control in Canada 早期采用者对加拿大收割杂草种子控制物理冲击磨技术的见解

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0015

B. Tidemann, C. Geddes, Shaun M. Sharpe

{"title":"Early adopter insights on physical impact mill technology for harvest weed seed control in Canada","authors":"B. Tidemann, C. Geddes, Shaun M. Sharpe","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution and spread of herbicide resistance among the weed community has increased interest in alternative weed management strategies such as harvest weed seed control. Western Canadian producers have begun adopting physical impact mills as an additional weed management strategy. A survey of early adopters of physical impact mill technology in Canada was conducted to better understand the motivations behind producers adopting, initial experiences, and research needs. Ten producers responded to the survey, accounting for 18 out of an estimated 30 impact mills in use in Canada, believed to be located primarily in the Canadian Prairies. These producers were mainly from larger farms (> 4,000 ha), equipped the majority of their combines (75% average) and used the mills in essentially all crops grown. The majority of respondents were located in Saskatchewan, with 2 mills being used in Alberta. Wild oat (60%) and kochia (50%) were the weeds most frequently mentioned as specific motivators of impact mill adoption. Average increased fuel cost from the mill was estimated at CAD $3.46 ha-1, with average annual maintenance costs of about $1,500 per impact mill. Producers relied on information from mill companies and other early-adopting farmers primarily, followed by extension talks and social media. Research needs were also identified by producers that could inform the future direction of harvest weed seed control research in Canada. Future research should focus on confirming efficacy, optimizing combine settings, and looking at integrated systems with precision agriculture technologies.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in glufosinate-resistant canola 抗草铵膦油菜中多种抗除草剂柯柯菊（Bassia scoparia）的控制措施

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2024-0008

Alysha T. Torbiak, Robert Blackshaw, R. N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, C. Geddes

{"title":"Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in glufosinate-resistant canola","authors":"Alysha T. Torbiak, Robert Blackshaw, R. N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, C. Geddes","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] has grown in prevalence in the canola (Brassica napus L.) production region of North America. Glufosinate-resistant canola facilitates kochia management since glufosinate-resistant kochia is not known to occur. Field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 in five environments near Lethbridge and Coalhurst, Alberta, to identify herbicide strategies targeting acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia with and without glyphosate resistance in glufosinate-resistant canola. Sequential glufosinate treatments (500 g ai ha-1) postemergence caused excellent (≥90%) kochia control and biomass reduction across environments. Preplant (PP) carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 105 g ai ha-1) alone or followed by (fb) postemergence glufosinate (9 + 27 fb 500 or 9 + 105 fb 500 g ai ha-1) resulted in excellent kochia control in all environments tested. PP carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 53 g ai ha-1) alone, and a single postemergence treatment with glufosinate (500 or 590 g ai ha-1) alone or preceded by fall-applied ethalfluralin (1100 fb 500 g ai ha-1) with or without preplant carfentrazone (1100 fb 9 fb 500 g ai ha-1) caused ≥80% kochia control and biomass reduction in all environments tested. However, treatments containing preplant carfentrazone + sulfentrazone caused unacceptable canola injury or yield loss in at least one environment. In conclusion, single or sequential treatments of glufosinate postemergence managed multiple herbicide-resistant kochia effectively in canola. Layering fall-applied/preplant ethalfluralin and/or preplant carfentrazone with glufosinate postemergence may help alleviate resistance selection pressure placed on glufosinate in canola.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Spring-type and Winter-type Brassica napus Germplasm for Genetic Diversity in Response to Flea Beetle Herbivory in Typical and Atypical Planting Windows 在典型和非典型种植窗口中评估春季型和冬季型油菜种质对跳甲草食性反应的遗传多样性

Canadian Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjps-2023-0105

Julian Heath, Laima Kott, Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, I. Rajcan

{"title":"Evaluation of Spring-type and Winter-type Brassica napus Germplasm for Genetic Diversity in Response to Flea Beetle Herbivory in Typical and Atypical Planting Windows","authors":"Julian Heath, Laima Kott, Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, I. Rajcan","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Current practices of flea beetle [Phyllotreta spp.] control in Brassica napus L. rely heavily on seed treatments and due to growing concerns regarding the safety of such treatments on non-target and beneficial insect populations, genetic resistance would be beneficial for a more balanced integrated pest management strategy. However, none of the registered B. napus. canola varieties exhibit measurable resistance to flea beetle injury. To this end, an evaluation of 14 winter-type B. napus breeding lines and 15 spring-type B. napus breeding lines for resistance to flea beetle feedings was conducted, as it was found that at least one line in each family exhibited noticeably reduced flea beetle damage compared to sister lines in a breeding nursery. The study revealed natural genetic variation within B. napus for flea beetle antixenosis which could be used by dedicated breeders to develop canola varieties with higher levels of flea beetle resistance. Data indicated that host plant resistance did not vary between feeding by newly emerged adult flea beetles in the fall and the overwintered adults in the spring in either winter-type or spring-type canola, as well as for adult feeding preferences. This indicates that favourable genes identified in in either habitat-type could be used interchangeably to confer resistance even though the flea beetle life cycle is different for each planting period, while either overwintered adults or newly emerged adults can be used to evaluate feeding damage.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"64 s91","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0