Nature Cities最新文献_第8页

Navigating the goods and bads of delivery cyclists’ work 骑单车送货工作的利与弊

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00147-0

Ignacio Tiznado-Aitken

引用次数: 0

Plural climate storylines to foster just urban futures 多元气候故事情节促进公正的城市未来

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00133-6

Maria Rusca, Alice Sverdlik, Amitangshu Acharya, Britt Basel, Emily Boyd, Thaisa Comelli, David Dodman, Arabella Fraser, Dylan Matthew Harris, Sara Lindersson, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Marcellus Forh Mbah, Diana Mitlin, Anshu Ogra, Mark Pelling, Elena Raffetti, Farhana Sultana, Erica Thompson, Arianna Tozzi, Margreet Zwarteveen, Gabriele Messori

{"title":"Plural climate storylines to foster just urban futures","authors":"Maria Rusca, Alice Sverdlik, Amitangshu Acharya, Britt Basel, Emily Boyd, Thaisa Comelli, David Dodman, Arabella Fraser, Dylan Matthew Harris, Sara Lindersson, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Marcellus Forh Mbah, Diana Mitlin, Anshu Ogra, Mark Pelling, Elena Raffetti, Farhana Sultana, Erica Thompson, Arianna Tozzi, Margreet Zwarteveen, Gabriele Messori","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00133-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00133-6","url":null,"abstract":"Managing climate change-related risks requires robust and actionable insights into future climates. Here we develop the plural climate storylines framework to complement existing physical climate storylines, which have strengthened the usability of climate projections yet struggled to generate action for just climate futures. By taking urban adaptation as a case in point, we illustrate the plural climate storylines framework through four complementary methodological schools that bring together multiple knowledges on complex social and climatic processes: power-sensitive storylines, decolonizing storylines, co-producing storylines and aspirational storylines. Our framework generates storylines with the potential to advance transformative policies and new pathways towards climate-just futures. Rusca et al. propose the plural climate storylines framework to build on the narrative element of physical climate storylines with methods that emphasize power asymmetries, decoloniality, co-production and desired futures. The goal of pluralizing climate storylines is to promote just, equitable development interventions.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"732-740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rooftop photovoltaic solar panels warm up and cool down cities 屋顶光伏太阳能电池板为城市升温降温

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00137-2

Ansar Khan, Prashant Anand, Samira Garshasbi, Rupali Khatun, Samiran Khorat, Rafiq Hamdi, Dev Niyogi, Mattheos Santamouris

{"title":"Rooftop photovoltaic solar panels warm up and cool down cities","authors":"Ansar Khan, Prashant Anand, Samira Garshasbi, Rupali Khatun, Samiran Khorat, Rafiq Hamdi, Dev Niyogi, Mattheos Santamouris","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00137-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00137-2","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread adoption of rooftop photovoltaic solar panels in urban environments presents a promising renewable energy solution but may also have unintended consequences on urban temperatures. This is primarily due to their lower albedo, which leads to increased heat absorption and enhanced thermal convection between the panels and the underlying roof surfaces. Here we show that, in Kolkata, city-wide installation of these rooftop photovoltaic solar panels could raise daytime temperatures by up to 1.5 °C and potentially lower nighttime temperatures by up to 0.6 °C. Our study also reveals that rooftop photovoltaic solar panels significantly alter urban surface energy budgets, near-surface meteorological fields, urban boundary layer dynamics and sea breeze circulations. Comparative analysis with cities, such as Sydney, Austin, Athens and Brussels, supports these findings, providing valuable insights for policymakers on managing large-scale solar panel installations. Understanding these effects is crucial for balancing the benefits of renewable energy with its potential impacts on urban climates. This study looks at the diurnal temperature fluctuations in Kolkata through a model that tests the influence of rooftop photovoltaic solar panels on urban surface energy budgets, near-surface meteorological fields, urban boundary layer dynamics and sea breeze circulations. It found that panels heat cities during the day (up to 1.5 °C) but cool them at night (up to 0.6 °C).","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"780-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00137-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London 伦敦凉爽屋顶和屋顶光伏发电的温度、死亡率影响和外部效益模型

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1

Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E. Fleming, Mike Davies, Clare Heaviside

{"title":"Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London","authors":"Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E. Fleming, Mike Davies, Clare Heaviside","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1","url":null,"abstract":"Population exposure to high temperatures poses health risks and increases mortality. ‘Cool roofs’ (high-albedo roofs) and rooftop photovoltaics (RPV) may reduce temperatures in urban areas. Here, using advanced urban climate modeling, we model impacts of these measures on air temperature and heat-related mortality in London during the record-breaking hot summer of 2018. We estimate changes in mean near-surface air temperature of −0.3 °C in the RPV scenario and −0.8 °C in the cool roof scenario. We find that the heat-related mortality in this period (estimated 655–920) could have been reduced by 96 (12%) by RPV, or 249 (32%) by cool roofs, in scenarios where all roofs have these measures. Monetized using value of statistical life, we estimate benefits for RPV and cool roofs of £237 M and £615 M, respectively. We estimate that up to 20 TWh of electrical energy would be generated in the full RPV scenario. We show that, for conditions such as in London June–August 2018, RPV or cool roofs may reduce near-surface air temperatures and associated heat-related mortality, with cool roofs having a larger effect. This study used the case of summer 2018 in London to show that rooftop photovoltaics could have reduced heat-related mortality by 12% while cool roofs could have reduced it by 32%. In addition, rooftop photovoltaics generate up to 20 TWh of electricity.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00138-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policymaking for equitable, sustainable cities 为公平、可持续的城市制定政策

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00139-0

引用次数: 0

Water wonderland or water nightmare 水上仙境还是水上噩梦

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00131-8

R. Marie Garcia

引用次数: 0

A universal framework for inclusive 15-minute cities 15 分钟包容性城市通用框架

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4

Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Bruno Campanelli, Vittorio Loreto

{"title":"A universal framework for inclusive 15-minute cities","authors":"Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Bruno Campanelli, Vittorio Loreto","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00119-4","url":null,"abstract":"Proximity-based cities have attracted much attention in recent years. The ‘15-minute city’, in particular, heralded a new vision for cities where essential services must be easily accessible. Despite its undoubted merit in stimulating discussion on new organization of cities, the 15-minute city cannot be applicable everywhere, and its very definition raises a few concerns. Here we tackle the feasibility and practicability of the 15-minute city model in many cities worldwide. We provide a worldwide quantification of how close cities are to the ideal of the 15-minute city. To this end, we measure the accessibility times to resources and services, and we reveal strong heterogeneity of accessibility within and across cities, with a pivotal role played by local population densities. We provide an online platform ( https://whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity/ ) to access and visualize accessibility scores for virtually all cities worldwide. The heterogeneity of accessibility within cities is one of the sources of inequality. We thus simulate how much a better redistribution of resources and services could heal inequity by keeping the same resources and services or by allowing for virtually infinite resources. We highlight pronounced discrepancies among cities in the minimum number of additional services needed to comply with the 15-minute city concept. We conclude that the proximity-based paradigm must be generalized to work on a wide range of local population densities. Finally, socio-economic and cultural factors should be included to shift from time-based to value-based cities. How widespread is the possibility of creating ‘15-minute cities’? Using openly available data, the authors measure access to essential services and what points of interest would have to be relocated to create 15-minute cities. With novel quantification, they demonstrate remarkable differences among cities across different regions of the globe.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"633-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the 15-minute city concept 量化 15 分钟城市概念

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00122-9

Haroldo V. Ribeiro

引用次数: 0

Urban rooftops for food and energy in China 中国城市屋顶的粮食和能源

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00127-4

Rui Yang, Chao Xu, Haoran Zhang, Zhen Wang, Prajal Pradhan, Xihong Lian, Limin Jiao, Xuemei Bai, Shenghui Cui, Yuanchao Hu, Yong-Guan Zhu

{"title":"Urban rooftops for food and energy in China","authors":"Rui Yang, Chao Xu, Haoran Zhang, Zhen Wang, Prajal Pradhan, Xihong Lian, Limin Jiao, Xuemei Bai, Shenghui Cui, Yuanchao Hu, Yong-Guan Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00127-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00127-4","url":null,"abstract":"Urban rooftop agriculture (RA) and photovoltaic power production (RPV) offer sustainable solutions for the food–energy nexus in cities but compete for limited rooftop space. Here we explore the potential benefits (productivity, economic and environmental) and allocation strategy of RA and RPV across 13 million buildings in 124 Chinese cities, considering urban characteristics and regional productivity. We found that RA yields superior economic benefits, while RPV excels in greenhouse gas emission reductions. Prioritizing either RA or RPV can only retain 0–29% of the above benefits brought by the other. However, allocating 61% of the flat rooftop area to RA and all the remaining (including pitched rooftops) to RPV would retain >50% of their potential, meeting 15% (mean, 0.5–99% across cities) of urban vegetable needs and 5% (0.5–27% across cities) of the electricity needs. While the productivity from RA and RPV have significant environmental and socioeconomic benefits, they require considerable water (up to 15% of urban residential water use) and materials (for example, totaling 13 kt silver). This study proposes that the optimal allocation of roof area for rooftop agriculture and photovoltaics is 61% of the flat rooftop area to the former and the rest for the latter. However, maintaining this productivity requires considerable water use and materials.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 11","pages":"741-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operationalizing climate justice in the implementation of Boston’s Building Performance Standard 在波士顿建筑性能标准的实施过程中落实气候正义

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w

Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti

{"title":"Operationalizing climate justice in the implementation of Boston’s Building Performance Standard","authors":"Claudia V. Diezmartínez, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Anne G. Short Gianotti","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00121-w","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are moving toward the implementation of more just urban climate actions, but the politics and processes of operationalizing climate justice in practice remain understudied. Here we examine the implementation of climate justice through Boston’s Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance (BERDO), a landmark Building Performance Standard that reflects a transformative shift towards carbon neutrality in cities. We utilize a rich mixed-methods research design that is rooted in 5 months of participant observation within the City of Boston’s Environment Department, 20 expert interviews and a systematic content analysis of hundreds of policy documents. We find that implementing BERDO entails political contestation over differing conceptions of resistance and power relations around climate justice. Justice becomes subject to scope and scale discrepancies, the processes of bureaucratization and even weaponization. In documenting these tensions, we provide insights into the complex challenges that cities may face as they begin to operationalize climate justice on the ground. City governments are moving to integrate justice and equity concerns into climate action. Diezmartínez et al. demonstrate that contestations about the politics of climate justice were central during the first 2 years of implementation for a Boston building decarbonization policy, highlighting important challenges in translating climate justice into practice. Nature Cities is proud that this robust work is our first fully qualitative methods study.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 10","pages":"665-676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0