Nature Cities最新文献_第5页

National environmental monitoring and local enforcement strategies

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00173-y

Jing Zhao, Yiqi Tang, Xufeng Zhu, Junming Zhu

{"title":"National environmental monitoring and local enforcement strategies","authors":"Jing Zhao, Yiqi Tang, Xufeng Zhu, Junming Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00173-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00173-y","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring technologies are widely used by upper-level government to enhance local compliance and achieve better environmental quality. Given their limited spatial accessibility of monitoring, how these technologies shape local enforcement strategies is uncertain. Here we show the impact that the nationwide establishment of air-quality-monitoring stations in Chinese cities had on local pollution reduction, enforcement and social welfare. Leveraging high-resolution datasets and a quasi-experimental design, we found that the newly introduced monitoring stations led to an 8.03% reduction in PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas. Within these areas, there was a 0.57% greater reduction in PM2.5 concentrations in technically accessible areas than in non-accessible areas. The reduction in air pollution was associated with a decline in industrial activities and change in land use. A back-of-the-envelope estimation shows nontrivial urban spatial inequalities in welfare consequences. Our findings suggest that the application of monitoring technologies should take environmental justice into consideration for a more comprehensive approach to sustainable development. This study analyzes the impact of 1,436 air-quality-monitoring stations in Chinese cities. It found that these stations led to an 8.03% reduction in PM2.5 concentrations in urban areas. Within these areas, they resulted in 0.57% more reduction in PM2.5 concentrations in technically accessible areas compared to non-accessible areas, which also experienced an increase in housing prices and a decrease in air-quality-induced mortality.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"2 1","pages":"58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term exposure to ambient benzene and brain disorders among urban adults 城市成年人长期接触环境苯与脑部疾病

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00156-z

Yongxuan Li, Yujia Bao, Ne Qiang, Min Zhong, Zheshen Han, Yuanyuan Li, Yanqiu Zhou, Jingqi Zhou, Xiaobei Deng, Chen Shen, Lefei Han, Jinjun Ran

{"title":"Long-term exposure to ambient benzene and brain disorders among urban adults","authors":"Yongxuan Li, Yujia Bao, Ne Qiang, Min Zhong, Zheshen Han, Yuanyuan Li, Yanqiu Zhou, Jingqi Zhou, Xiaobei Deng, Chen Shen, Lefei Han, Jinjun Ran","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00156-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00156-z","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient benzene is a volatile anthropogenic pollutant and known carcinogen associated with industrialization and urbanization. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum, so cities, which concentrate combustion through industrial activity, transit and heating, generate a great deal. In addition to causing cancer, theory also predicts that benzene may chronically affect the human brain, even at a low level (<5 µg m−3). In this study, we estimated associations of ambient benzene exposure before 2010 with brain disorders (261,909 participants) and brain imaging phenotypes (23,911 participants) in urban residents in the UK (enrolled during 2006–2010 and followed up to 2022). The results show that ambient benzene (per interquartile range increment of 0.30 µg m−3) is associated with elevated risks of dementia (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09 to 1.28), major depression (1.09; 1.03 to 1.14) and anxiety disorder (1.16; 1.10 to 1.22). Neuroimaging analysis highlighted the associations with brain structures, including the thalamus and the superior temporal gyrus. This study provides population-level evidence of the effect of ambient benzene on brain disorders in urban populations, critical for risk assessments, air quality and health guidelines, and sustainable-development efforts as the world urbanizes. Cities and urbanization concentrate benzene, a carcinogen and brain toxin found in petroleum. This study estimated associations between benzene exposure and brain disorders in urban adults in the UK, finding elevated risks of dementia, major depression and anxiety disorder even at low benzene levels.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 12","pages":"830-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bogotá’s ‘LGBTQI+ houses’ are transforming support for displaced LGBTQI+ Venezuelans

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00176-9

Tyler Valiquette

引用次数: 0

Regulation of humid heat by urban green space across a climate wetness gradient 城市绿地在气候湿度梯度上对湿热的调节

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00157-y

Yichen Yang, Chang Cao, Ivan Bogoev, Cosima Deetman, Grace Dietz, Jian Hang, Logan Howard, Xinjie Huang, Nicholas Kendall, Justin Lai, Hainan Lam, Kristen Tam, Christopher Yoo, Keer Zhang, Xuhui Lee

{"title":"Regulation of humid heat by urban green space across a climate wetness gradient","authors":"Yichen Yang, Chang Cao, Ivan Bogoev, Cosima Deetman, Grace Dietz, Jian Hang, Logan Howard, Xinjie Huang, Nicholas Kendall, Justin Lai, Hainan Lam, Kristen Tam, Christopher Yoo, Keer Zhang, Xuhui Lee","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00157-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00157-y","url":null,"abstract":"Green spaces are a common strategy for adaptation to urban warming. Whereas they have been demonstrated to reduce air temperature, much less is known about their effect on air humidity. Because human heat stress is contributed by both temperature and humidity, it is important to quantify the relationship between the effects of both. Here, using mobile measurements in 15 cities, we show that the daytime temperature effect is negatively correlated with the humidity effect, resulting in an insignificant change in the wet-bulb temperature Tw or humid heat (daytime Tw difference between green space and built-up area ΔTw = −0.01 °C). A net reduction in humid heat was observed at night in intermediate (summer precipitation 180 to 570 mm) and wet climates (summer precipitation > 570 mm; mean ΔTw = −0.35 °C). A model simulation revealed that the nighttime Tw reduction resulted mostly from reduction in soil heat storage in vegetated land. These nuanced microclimate responses to urban vegetation caution against a one-size-fits-all solution to climate adaptation. Green spaces are known to help cool cities, but they contribute humidity while reducing heat—and both matter. Using smart sensors mounted on bicycles, this study finds that daytime temperature reductions in urban green spaces are largely offset by humidity increases but that urban vegetation causes a net reduction in humid heat at night.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 12","pages":"871-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal governance and social order in Nottingham, England 英国诺丁汉的犯罪治理与社会秩序

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00166-x

引用次数: 0

Unequal access to social, environmental and health amenities in US urban parks 在美国城市公园里，享受社会、环境和健康设施的机会不平等

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00153-2

Richelle L. Winkler, Jeffrey A. G. Clark, Dexter H. Locke, Peleg Kremer, Myla F. J. Aronson, Fushcia-Ann Hoover, Hogyeum Evan Joo, Daniele La Rosa, KangJae Jerry Lee, Susannah B. Lerman, Hamil Pearsall, Timothy L. V. Vargo, Charles H. Nilon, Christopher A. Lepczyk

{"title":"Unequal access to social, environmental and health amenities in US urban parks","authors":"Richelle L. Winkler, Jeffrey A. G. Clark, Dexter H. Locke, Peleg Kremer, Myla F. J. Aronson, Fushcia-Ann Hoover, Hogyeum Evan Joo, Daniele La Rosa, KangJae Jerry Lee, Susannah B. Lerman, Hamil Pearsall, Timothy L. V. Vargo, Charles H. Nilon, Christopher A. Lepczyk","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00153-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00153-2","url":null,"abstract":"Urban parks provide vital social, environmental and health benefits to residents. However, the spatial distribution of parks, and the amenities they provide, may not be equitably distributed within cities. We examine the accessibility of urban parks with different social, environmental and health amenities by race and ethnicity. We identified 122,988 urban parks across the USA, measured the racial/ethnic population distribution within a 10-min walkshed around each park and compared these distributions to the overall demographics of the city. We found that the spatial distribution of parks as well as park amenities differ according to the neighborhood demographics. Racial/ethnic compositions of neighborhoods surrounding parks tend to be whiter than other parts of the same cities, though there are regional differences. Parks in predominantly white neighborhoods are cooler in the summer and have more tree cover compared with parks in neighborhoods with greater proportions of Hispanic and Black residents. Differences in amenities hold across regions of the country. Our study demonstrates that inequities in access to high-quality parks are widespread across the USA. Parks provide deep value to urban residents, but the distribution of those services is unclear. This study finds that US urban residents have unequal access to the crucial environmental, social and health amenities of urban parks.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 12","pages":"861-870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential drivers of urban green space availability in Latin American cities 拉丁美洲城市绿色空间可用性的潜在驱动因素

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00162-1

Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, Mika Moran, Yang Ju, Yuquan Zhou, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Iryna Dronova, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues Pereira de Pina, Vanderlei Pascoal de Matos, Daniel Albert Skaba

{"title":"Potential drivers of urban green space availability in Latin American cities","authors":"Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, Mika Moran, Yang Ju, Yuquan Zhou, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Iryna Dronova, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues Pereira de Pina, Vanderlei Pascoal de Matos, Daniel Albert Skaba","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00162-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00162-1","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green spaces play a critical role in regulating air temperature, reducing air pollution and enhancing people’s well being. Yet, existing data and research on potential drivers of urban green space availability in Latin America are limited. Here, focusing on 371 large cities in 11 countries in Latin America, we described the total and per capita variability of urban green space, its spatial configuration and green urban parks across the categories of cities’ natural, built and socioeconomic environments. We tested the relative importance of geographic (climate) versus city-level built environment (population, population density, street intersection density) and socioeconomic (city gross domestic product per capita, unemployment, education) drivers in explaining urban green space availability. We found a high level of heterogeneity in green space quantity across cities and across categories of cities’ environments. Relative to other city factors, climate zone had the largest influence in explaining the quantity of green space, whereas education, street intersection density and population density were the most important drivers of urban park availability. The significance of climate for green space availability, combined with the inequitable quantity of green space, indicates that cities have differing capacities to implement nature-based solutions for heat mitigation and health promotion. This study compiles detailed data on urban green spaces and analyzes the quantity and spatial configuration of green spaces in 371 cities in 11 countries in Latin America. Although there is high heterogeneity, climate seems to be the main determinant of differences in green space amount among cities compared with socioeconomic conditions and the built environment.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 12","pages":"842-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00162-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood contexts shape how organizations connect communities 社区环境塑造了组织连接社区的方式

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00164-z

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London 作者更正：模拟温度，死亡率的影响和外部效益的凉爽屋顶和屋顶光伏在伦敦

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00174-x

Charles H. Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E. Fleming, Mike Davies, Clare Heaviside

引用次数: 0

Life by the Xiangxi River 湘西河畔的生活

Nature Cities Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00160-3

Xi Lu

引用次数: 0