The Journal of Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Time for precision exercise prescription: the same timing may not fit all","authors":"Jonatan R. Ruiz, Raquel Sevilla-Lorente, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete","doi":"10.1113/jp285958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jp285958","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precision medicine is a transformative approach to health care that addresses the inherent variability among individuals in terms of genetics, environment and lifestyle. It involves the customization of medical care to the unique characteristics of each individual, with the aim of optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. This paradigm shift is made possible by the integration of comprehensive data, including multi-omics and clinical information, which allows for a more nuanced understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and individual responses to interventions. One of them, also considered as medicine, is exercise. In the realm of exercise programmes for the prevention and treatment of a range of acute and chronic conditions, precision exercise prescription becomes particularly crucial. The variable nature of individual responses to exercise requires a tailored approach to maximize the benefits for each person, while reducing the risks of injury. Within the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS) acting as a crucial factor in the ongoing global cardiovascular crisis, and knowing the key role of exercise in the development and progression of MetS, the capability to forecast individual responses facilitates the development of personalized exercise strategies designed to address an individual's distinct risk profile.</p>\u0000<p>A widely recognized approach for customizing and adjusting exercise programming to align with individual goals, lifestyle, preferences and progress is encapsulated in the FITT principle, which includes frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise. By manipulating FITT criteria, a nearly limitless number of combinations can be devised to suit specific objectives. There is increasing evidence on the potential need to include a new principle, which also starts with T, and stands for time of the day when the exercise is performed. A new study by Morales-Palomo and collaborators shows that morning high-intensity interval exercise is more effective on reducing systolic blood pressure and insulin levels that afternoon exercise in adults with MetS (Morales-Palomo et al., <span>2023</span>). They conducted a 16-week exercise-based randomized controlled trial, in which 139 middle-aged adults (49 women, body mass index 30.6 ± 3.0 kg m⁻²) were allocated into morning exercise, afternoon exercise or a non-exercise control group. As expected, both exercise groups improved several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including total and central body fat, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, compared with the control group. Interestingly, they showed that the morning exercise group improved their systolic blood pressure and insulin levels to a greater extent than those who exercised in the afternoon, yet no differences in fasting glucose levels were noted between the morning and afternoon exercise groups. Previous exercise interventions conducted on both healthy and metaboli","PeriodicalId":501632,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}