{"title":"Large-scale pied-piping in the labeling theory and conditions on weak heads","authors":"Hiromune Oda","doi":"10.1515/tlr-2024-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2024-2006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of weak head in Chomsky’s (2015. Problems of projection: Extensions. In Elisa Di Domenico, Cornelia Hamann & Simona Matteini (eds.), <jats:italic>Structures, strategies and beyond: Studies in honour of Adriana Belletti</jats:italic>, 3–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) sense from a typological perspective. This paper first establishes a novel generalization that large-scale pied-piping is available in a language only if the language has indeterminate pronouns in Kuroda’s (1965. <jats:italic>Generative grammatical studies in the Japanese language</jats:italic>. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation) sense and the clause to be pied-piped is head-final. To deduce this generalization, this paper first offers a labeling theoretic account of large-scale pied-piping. It then proposes that weak heads are (i) heads that have unvalued features and (ii) morpho-phonologically weak. It is shown that the generalization is deduced from this conception of weak heads, given Inaba’s (2011. The morphosyntax of constituent ordering patterns. <jats:italic>The Hiroshima University Studies, Graduate School of Letters</jats:italic> 71. 43–72) generalization that head-final complementizers are generally affixal. This paper further argues that the proposed conception of weak heads also allows us to deduce Agree from Minimal Search, which is a third factor principle according to Chomsky (2013. Problems of projection. <jats:italic>Lingua</jats:italic> 130. 33–49), hence minimizes UG.","PeriodicalId":501571,"journal":{"name":"The Linguistic Review","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeking an optimal design of Search and Merge: its consequences and challenges","authors":"Nobu Goto, Toru Ishii","doi":"10.1515/tlr-2024-2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2024-2005","url":null,"abstract":"We propose that Merge, both External Merge and Internal Merge, is totally free from Minimal Search, and more specifically, Search Σ to determine the input of Merge only obeys Binarity and the Phase Impenetrability Condition but not Minimal Search (the <jats:italic>Minimal Search-free Merge Hypothesis</jats:italic>). We argue that our proposal provides a unified account of various movement restrictions, such as the freezing effect, the <jats:italic>that</jats:italic>-trace effect, the anti-locality effect, the vacuous movement hypothesis, and the economy of derivation. We also argue that our proposal derives the insights/consequences of Minimal Yield such as ruling out so-called extensions of Merge by limiting the search space at a later stage of a derivation in terms of Binarity and the PIC. We further expand the empirical and theoretical scope of our proposal by considering exceptions to the freezing effect. We suggest that the exceptions can be dealt with by adopting Form Copy.","PeriodicalId":501571,"journal":{"name":"The Linguistic Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting agent pseudo-incorporation in Turkish: a dependent case theoretic perspective","authors":"Furkan Dikmen, Ömer Demirok, Ümit Atlamaz","doi":"10.1515/tlr-2023-2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2023-2011","url":null,"abstract":"Dependent Case Theory takes accusative to be a dependent case, assigned to an NP only if it is c-commanded by another NP. Agent pseudo-incorporation structures in Turkish, where an accusative object is required to c-command the pseudo-incorporated agent, presents a challenge to the logic of dependent case calculus. We propose a reconciliation that calls for refining the conditions for dependent case assignment. Furthermore, we argue that agent pseudo-incorporation is made possible by a head that bundles the verbalization and agent introduction functions which are assumed by distinct heads in non-incorporation structures.","PeriodicalId":501571,"journal":{"name":"The Linguistic Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese tag questions: the CP/DP pro-form analysis","authors":"Liching Livy Chiu","doi":"10.1515/tlr-2023-2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2023-2009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the behaviors of tag questions in Chinese and proposes a unifying analysis involving empty CP/DP <jats:italic>pro</jats:italic>-forms and predication. It is found that there are universally two types of Tag questions – (i) the invariable type and (ii) the (modal) verbal type, which correspond to the question-types in Chinese syntax. Previous research by Culivocer (1992. English tag questions in Universal Grammar. <jats:italic>Lingua</jats:italic> 88. 193–226) analyzed English tag questions as a <jats:italic>pro</jats:italic>-IP structure that is bound by a previous sentence. However, in Chinese, two types of tag questions include both A-not-A form and particle form. Furthermore, both the two kinds of tag questions display syntactic predication between the tag and an empty subject <jats:italic>pro</jats:italic>. An abbreviated “yes-no question” is attached to empty CP/DP constituents in these constructions.","PeriodicalId":501571,"journal":{"name":"The Linguistic Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Displacing the PStem","authors":"Noah Elkins","doi":"10.1515/tlr-2023-2010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2023-2010","url":null,"abstract":"Much debate in prosodic phonology has centered on the question of recursive prosodic layers <jats:italic>versus</jats:italic> independent constituents. Recently, Downing and Kadenge (Downing, Laura & Maxwell Kadenge. 2015. Prosodic stems in Zezuru Shona. <jats:italic>Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies</jats:italic> 33(3). 291–305, Downing, Laura & Maxwell Kadenge. 2020. Re-placing the PStem in the prosodic hierarchy. <jats:italic>The Linguistic Review</jats:italic> 37(3). 433–461) have advocated for a unique prosodic constituent, the PStem, to match stem-level phonology. They argue that the stem level should not be sensitive to canonically word-level phenomena such as minimality and culminativity. Alternatively, Itô and Mester (Itô, Junko & Armin Mester. 2007. Prosodic adjunction in Japanese compounds. <jats:italic>MIT Working Papers in Linguistics</jats:italic>. 97–111 <jats:italic>et seq</jats:italic>.) propose that the PStem/PrWd division can be collapsed into recursive PrWd levels, in which any recursive layer can have any given set of properties. In this paper, I hope to add to this debate by showing that Downing and Kadenge’s idea of specifically stem-level processes is falsifiable in light of new empirical evidence from a number of unrelated languages. In terms of the recursion question, I show that there are two types of language behavior with respect to stem- <jats:italic>versus</jats:italic> word-level phonology: one in which stem and word are the loci of the distinct processes, and one in which stem and word show the same behavior (“recursive identity”). I conclude by showing that arguments intending to reduce recursive identity to cyclicity encounter their own suite of problems.","PeriodicalId":501571,"journal":{"name":"The Linguistic Review","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138544103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}