bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education最新文献

{"title":"Exploring The Association of Student Perceptions of Their Teachers' Science Instruction and Emotional Engagement and The Variance between Grade Level","authors":"Xin Xia, Robert H Tai","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.05.602269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.05.602269","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has consistently shown students have higher learning interests attitudes, and motivation toward science in elementary compared to middle and high school. However, the key predictors behind the observed differences in engagement levels across grade levels remain unclear. This study aims to identify the association between students' perceptions of science instruction and their emotional engagement, as well as examine the differences across various educational stages. A multilevel random effect model was employed to investigate this association. In addition, the analysis examined whether the associations vary between grade levels. A sample of 6465 students from 25 schools participated in the study. This study shows that students in higher grades have significantly lower emotional engagement compared to third-grade students. Similarly, students in higher grades have significantly lower values on perceptions of science instruction of interesting science and understandable science decrease compared to third grade. Findings reveal significant associations between students' perceptions of science instruction, both in perceiving interesting science instruction and understandable science instruction, and their emotional engagement in science learning. The interaction term (Perception of Interesting Science Instruction * Grade) of Grades four, six through eight, and grade 12 are statistically significantly related to emotional engagement, indicating that more positive slopes correspond to high-grade level than third-grade students. The increase in students' perception of interesting science has the steepest slope of improvement in students' emotional engagement in 6th grade. We find no statistically significant difference between grades in students' perception of understandable science and emotional engagement. Interesting and understandable science classes have positive correlations with students' emotional engagement in science learning. For future studies, it is worth exploring science instruction during transition grades to better address and mitigate the observed difference in emotional engagement.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141570214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of BWF Interdisciplinary Postdoctoral to Faculty Transition Awards on Future Funding Success","authors":"Mandeep K. Sekhon, Melanie Scott, Cynthia L. Green, Miquella Rose","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.05.602167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.05.602167","url":null,"abstract":"Established by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF) in 2001, the Career Award at the Scientific Interface (CASI) is a career development award for scientists with doctoral training in the physical/mathematical/computational sciences or engineering conducting postdoctoral research in the biological sciences. The goal of the program is to support early career scientists interested in pursuing an independent research career with an interdisciplinary focus. In order to assess the benefit of the CASI award on recipients, the authors undertook a retrospective analysis of the funding data for CASI recipients to evaluate success against matching cohorts. These cohorts included applicants who succeeded to the final interview stage but were ultimately unsuccessful (interviewed), applicants who submitted proposals but did not make it to the final interview stage (proposal declined), and a randomly selected dataset of researchers from a comparable program, the highly competitive Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The results indicate that CASI recipients outperformed unsuccessful applicants and their K99/R00 counterparts in federal grant rates and overall grant dollars. The authors' conclusion affirms that the CASI mechanism and BWF support successfully achieve the objective of invigorating the careers of young investigators, resulting in tangible downstream long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141570215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Learning Curves of Deep Learning Networks","authors":"Yanru Jiang, Rick Dale","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.01.601491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.01.601491","url":null,"abstract":"There is an important challenge in systematically interpreting the internal representations of deep neural networks. This study introduces a multi-dimensional quantification and visualization approach which can capture two temporal dimensions of a model learning experience: the \"information processing trajectory\" and the \"developmental trajectory.\" The former represents the influence of incoming signals on an agent's decision-making, while the latter conceptualizes the gradual improvement in an agent's performance throughout its lifespan. Tracking the learning curves of a DNN enables researchers to explicitly identify the model appropriateness of a given task, examine the properties of the underlying input signals, and assess the model's alignment (or lack thereof) with human learning experiences. To illustrate the method, we conducted 750 runs of simulations on two temporal tasks: gesture detection and natural language processing (NLP) classification, showcasing its applicability across a spectrum of deep learning tasks. Based on the quantitative analysis of the learning curves across two distinct datasets, we have identified three insights gained from mapping these curves: nonlinearity, pairwise comparisons, and domain distinctions. We reflect on the theoretical implications of this method for cognitive processing, language models and multimodal representation.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Tiny Biome Tales\": a gamified review about the influence of lifestyle choices on the human microbiome","authors":"Matthias Schweitzer, Maximilian Wlasak, Birgit Wassermann, Florian Marcher, Christian Poglitsch, Johanna Pirker, Gabriele Berg","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.29.601357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.29.601357","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, new discoveries from microbiome research have changed our understanding of human health. It became evident that daily habits and lifestyle choices shape the human microbiome and ultimately determine health or disease. Therefore, we developed \"Tiny Biome Tales\" (https://microbiome.gamelabgraz.at/), a science pedagogy video game designed like a scientific review based exclusively on peer-reviewed articles, to teach about the influence of lifestyle choices on the human microbiome during pregnancy, early and adult life, and related health consequences. Despite the scientific character, it can be played by a broad audience. Here, we also present a scientific assessment, and showed that playing the game significantly contributed to knowledge gain. The innovative style of the \"gamified review\" represents an ideal platform to disseminate future findings from microbiome research by updating existing and adding new scenes to the game.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey-Based Analysis of a Science of Science Communication Scientific Interest Group: Member Feedback and Perspectives on Science Communication","authors":"Anna J. Hilliard, Nicola Sugden, Kristin M. Bass, Chris Gunter","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.25.600615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.25.600615","url":null,"abstract":"Coordinated attempts to promote systematic approaches to the design and evaluation of science communication efforts have generally lagged behind the proliferation and diversification of those efforts. To address this, we founded the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Science of Science Communication Scientific Interest Group (SciOSciComm-SIG) and undertook a mixed-methods survey-based evaluation of the group one year after its founding. Respondents indicated ongoing interest and some participation in public-facing science communication while identifying specific barriers, and praised the role of the SIG in expanding access to information about evidence-based practices.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of spatial and temporal risk of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) outbreaks in endemic settings: A scoping review","authors":"Julius Joseph Mwanandota, Jean Hakizmana, Eunice Machuka, daniel Mdetele, Edward Okoth, George Paul Omondi, Augustine Chengula, Sharadhuli Kimera, Emmanuel Muunda, Gerald Misizo","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.21.599995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.21.599995","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sustained Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) circulation, as evidenced by surveillance, shows PPR endemicity in Africa and Asia. Regional transmission of PPR is enabled by joining numerous epidemiological factors. Spatial, spatiotemporal and transmission dynamics analytical methods have been used to explore the risk of PPR transmission. The dearth of information on the risk factors associated with spatiotemporal distribution and transmission dynamics of PPR at a regional scale is high. Through a thorough analysis of peer-reviewed literature, this study sought to evaluate the risks of Peste des Petit ruminant virus (PPRV) epidemics by noting distinctions of geographical and spatial-temporal approaches applied in endemic settings.\u0000Methods: A scoping literature review of PPR research publications that used spatial and spatiotemporal approaches to assess PPR risks in endemic areas was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar data base.\u0000Results: Out of 42 papers selected 19 focused on Asia, 15 on Africa, and 8 had a global view. 61.9% used clustering analysis while 35.7% used spatial autocorrelation. Temporal trends were described by most studies at about 71.2% while modeling approaches were used by 13 articles (30%). Five risk factors evaluated include demographics and livestock–wildlife interactions (n = 20), spatial accessibility (n = 19), trade and commerce (n = 17), environment and ecology (n = 12), and socioeconomic aspects (n=9). Transmission dynamics of PPR was covered in almost all articles except 2 articles but it has linked all the risk factors.\u0000Conclusions: The review has contributed to the shifting and improvement of our understanding on PPR outbreaks in endemic settings and support evidence-based decision-making to mitigate the impact of the virus on small ruminant populations. Linkage of other risk factors to livestock trade which is the major driver of livestock movement has been shown to pose a significant risk of PPR epidemics in endemic settings. With many studies being found in Asia compared to Africa, future development of predictive models to evaluate possible eradication strategies at national and regional levels should also consider Africa.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinarity through internationality: results from a US-Mexico graduate course bridging computational and plant science","authors":"Daniel H Chitwood, Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso, Robert VanBuren","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.19.599776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.19.599776","url":null,"abstract":"Interdisciplinarity is used to integrate and synthesize new research directions between scientific domains, but it is not the only means by which to generate novelty by bringing diverse perspectives together. Internationality draws upon cultural and linguistic diversity that can potentially impact interdisciplinarity as well. We created an interdisciplinary class originally intended to bridge computational and plant science that eventually became international in scope, including students from the US and Mexico. We administered a survey over four years designed to evaluate student expertise. The first year of the survey included only US students and demonstrated that biology and computational student groups have distinct expertise but can learn the skills of the other group over the course of a semester. Modeling of survey responses shows that biological and computational science expertise is equally distributed between US and Mexico student groups, but that nonetheless these groups can be predicted based on survey responses due to sub-specialization within each domain. Unlike interdisciplinarity, differences arising from internationality are mostly static and do not change with educational intervention and include unique skills such as working across languages. We end by discussing a distinct form of interdisciplinarity that arises through internationality and the implications of globalizing research and education efforts.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving Medical School During a Pandemic: Experiences of New York Medical Students During the Height of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"L. M. Knight, Divya Seth, David Alex Zuckerman, Eli J. Rogers, Zain Talukdar, Davy Ran, Robert G. Holloway, Caroline Gomez, Mariluz P. Henshaw, Michael R. Privitera, Frank Dowling","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.18.599502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.18.599502","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered the landscape of medical education. While patients overwhelmed hospital systems, lockdowns and social distancing recommendations took priority, and medical education was pushed online. Early in 2020, New York State (NYS) was hit especially hard by COVID-19.\u0000Objective: This study sought to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students well-being and education. Methods: NYS medical students responded to a six-question survey during April and May 2020. Questions assessed self-reported changes in stress levels, academic performance, and board preparation efforts. Open-ended data was analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach.\u0000Results: 488 responses across 11 medical schools were included (response rate of 5.8%). Major themes included: standardized test-related stressors (23%), study-related changes (19%), education and training concerns (17%), financial stressors (12%), and additional family obligations (12%). Second year students reported more stress/anxiety than students in other years (95.9%, p-value< 0.00001). Reported stress/anxiety, effects on exam preparation, and anticipated academic effect varied by geographics.\u0000Conclusions: While all NYS medical students reported being greatly affected, those closest to the NY City pandemic epi-center and closest to taking the Step 1 exam were the most distressed. Lack of flexibility of the medical education system during this public health emergency contributed to worsened student well-being. It is time to make plans for supporting the long-term mental health needs of these physicians-in-training and to examine ways the academic medical community can better adapt to the needs of students affected by a large public health emergency in the future.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential applications of high-resolution 3D scanners in the taxonomic classification of insects","authors":"Cameron Joseph Peacock, William Evans, Simon J Goodman, Christopher Hassall","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.17.599367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.17.599367","url":null,"abstract":"The phenotypic classification of small biological specimens, such as insects, can be dependent on phenotypic features that are difficult to observe and communicate to others. Here, we evaluate how high-resolution 3D photogrammetric scanner technology can potentially allow such features to be resolved and visualised as a 3D models, which can then be shared as a taxonomical resource for species identification, as virtual type specimens, and for educational and public engagement purposes. We test the viability and limitations of this approach using specimens digitised with a Artec Micro scanner. Ten samples from unique species were mounted and scanned. The model outputs were evaluated against an identification key, which compiled diagnostic features for the specimens from the wider literature, to describe the specimens to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The results showed that six of the ten specimens could be identified to species level using the scans. Threshold values for body length and width were 10.7 mm and 4.4 mm respectively. Below these body dimensions important diagnostic features of specimens could not be resolved reliably. This result suggests that with current technology, 3D photogrammetric modelling is a viable method for taxonomic identification of a wide range of insect groups with larger body sizes. This approach opens up novel applications for species identification and data sharing among taxonomists, international field research, conservation efforts, and entomological outreach. However, the limitations of this approach to taxonomic identification must be considered depending upon the size of the specimen and its diagnostic features. Future developments in the technology and processing methods used may alleviate the constraints on body size exhibited in this study, widening the applications for smaller bodied specimens.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Preprints on COVID-19 Research Dissemination: A Quantitative Analysis of Journal Publications","authors":"Hiroyuki Tsunoda, Yuan Sun, Masaki Nishizawa, Xiaomin Liu, Kou Amano, Rie Kominami","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.28.596359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.28.596359","url":null,"abstract":"Preprints have played an unprecedented role in disseminating COVID-19-related science results to the public. The study aims to elucidate the role of preprints during the COVID-19 public health emergency (2020-2023) through a quantitative analysis of journal papers. Among the 247,854 COVID-19-related papers published in PubMed, 12,152 were initially released as preprints and were eventually published in 1,380 journals. This number is more than five times the 246 journals to which submissions can be made directly from bioRxiv through the B2J program. Journals with higher impact factors and Normalized Eigenfactor scores tend to publish a larger number of preprint-derived articles. The proportion of preprints among PubMed papers was 0.049, but this varies significantly by journal. In the top 30 journals, most exceed this proportion, indicating that these journals are preferred by authors for submitting their work. These findings highlight the growing acceptance and impact of preprints in the scientific community, particularly in high-impact journals.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}