bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education最新文献

{"title":"Learning on a Limb: An outreach module to engage high school students in orthopaedics","authors":"Christopher James Panebianco, Tala Azar, Michael P. Duffy, Madhura P. Nijsure, Emily Sharp, Margaret K. Tamburro, Michael W Hast, Eileen M. Shore, Rob Mauck, Louis J. Soslowsky, Jamie R. Shuda, Sarah E. Gullbrand","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.612729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.612729","url":null,"abstract":"Orthopaedic researchers need new strategies for engaging diverse students. Our field has demonstrated noticeable gaps in racial, ethnic, and gender diversity, which inhibit our ability to innovate and combat the severe socioeconomic burden of musculoskeletal disorders. Towards this goal, we designed, implemented, and evaluated Learning on a Limb, an orthopaedic research outreach module to teach diverse high school students about orthopaedic research. During the 4-hr module, students completed hands-on activities to learn how biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography, cell culture, and histology are used in orthopaedic research. Over three years, we recruited 32 high school students from the Greater Philadelphia Area to participate in Learning on a Limb. Most participants identified as racial/ethnic or gender minorities in orthopaedic research. Using pre/post-tests, we found that students experienced significant learning gains of 51 percentage points from completing Learning on a Limb. In addition to teaching students about orthopaedic research, post-survey data demonstrated that participating in Learning on a Limb strongly influenced students interest in orthopaedic research. Several students acted on this interest by completing summer research experiences in the McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania. Learning on a Limb instructors also benefited by having the opportunity to pay it forward to the next generation of students and build community within their department. Empowering institutions to host modules like Learning on a Limb would synergistically inspire diverse high school students and strengthen community within orthopaedic departments to ultimately enhance orthopaedic research innovations.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators including retraction data","authors":"John Ioannidis, Angelo Maria Pezzullo, Antonio Cristiano, Stefania Boccia, Jeroen Baas","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.16.613258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.16.613258","url":null,"abstract":"We have updated a Scopus-based database of highly-cited scientists (top-2% in each scientific subfield according to a composite citation indicator) to incorporate retraction data. Using data from the Retraction Watch database (RWDB), retraction records were linked to Scopus citation data. Of 55,237 items in RWDB as of August 15, 2024, we excluded non-retractions, retractions clearly not due to any author error, retractions where the paper had been republished, and items not linkable to Scopus records. Eventually 39,468 eligible retractions were linked to Scopus. Scientists with retracted publications had younger publication age, higher self-citation rates, and larger publication volume than those without any retracted publications. Retractions were more common in the life sciences and rare or nonexistent in several other disciplines. In several developing countries, very high proportions of top-cited scientists had retractions (highest in Senegal (66.7%), Ecuador (28.6%) and Pakistan (27.8%) in career-long citation impact lists). Variability in retraction rates across fields and countries suggests differences in research practices, scrutiny, and ease of retraction. Addition of retraction data enhances the granularity of top-cited scientists' profiles, aiding in responsible research evaluation. However, caution is needed when interpreting retractions, as they do not always signify misconduct; further analysis on a case-by-case basis is essential. The database should hopefully provide a resource for meta-research and deeper insights into scientific practices.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Entomological Surveillance and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases: A Scoping Review","authors":"Portia Eastman, Taiwo Samson Awolola, Melissa Yoshimizu, Nicodem James Govella, Prosper Chaki, Sarah Zohdy","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.13.612909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.13.612909","url":null,"abstract":"Community-based surveillance and control methods (CBMs) present opportunities to decentralize surveillance and control efforts while simultaneously enhancing community education, leadership, and participation in the fight against vector-borne diseases (VBDs). A scoping review was conducted to describe how CBMs are being utilized currently to combat malaria, dengue fever, Chagas disease, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) and other mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) exclusive of dengue and malaria, and to overall highlight key approaches, lessons learned, potential challenges, and recommendations. A total of 304 potential publications were identified among which 82 met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review highlighted the following benefits to CBMs: cost savings, increased sustainability, increased community knowledge, human behavior changes, increased surveillance coverage, ease in deployment, and the creation of larger, more diverse entomological datasets. Potential challenges highlighted include: participant retention and motivation, participant recruitment and incentives, continued governmental support, data quality, and collaboration with local municipal authorities. CBMs are commonly and successfully used in vector surveillance and control systems, but the chosen vector management method varies by vector-borne disease and region of the world. Additional research is needed to support the implementation of CBMs including cost-effectiveness studies and those studies with negative outcomes. Taken together, this scoping review highlights key aspects, potential challenges, and benefits of CBMs, and outlines potential future directions for incorporating CBMs into VBD control and elimination programming, and potential for community based integrated vector management (IVM) approaches.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking open access publication rates for the pharmaceutical industry and research-intensive academic institutions","authors":"Tomas J Rees, Valérie Philippon, Andrew Liew, Slávka Baróniková, William T Gattrell, Jo Gordon, Taija S Koskenkorva, Santosh Mysore, Joana Osório, Tim J Koder","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.14.613042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.14.613042","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000In biomedical and health sciences, many articles are published open access (OA). Rates of OA publications continue to grow, including for research carried out by pharmaceutical companies. To help drive more openness in the pharmaceutical industry, we aimed to compare the OA publication rates of pharmaceutical companies with those of academic institutions.\u0000Methods\u0000We assessed OA publication rates from the 40 largest pharmaceutical companies by earnings and 40 comparator academic institutions that publish the largest number of medical research articles in their geographical region. Using the Lens, we built a live public dashboard that presents the OA publication rates for articles with authors affiliated to the pharmaceutical companies and comparator academic institutions of interest, detailed by OA model and licence, and by medical therapy area. We performed further analysis on data downloaded from the dashboard.\u0000Results\u0000In our primary analysis of articles 12-24 months since publication date, 76.6% of pharmaceutical company (pharma) and 69.5% of academic institution (academia) publications were OA. The most common OA models were gold (pharma, 37%; academia, 41%) and hybrid (pharma, 22%; academia, 11%). Oncology had lower rates of OA publications than other therapy areas. Growth in the OA publication rate was generally more rapid for pharmaceutical companies than for academic institutions, regardless of field.\u0000Conclusions\u0000The OA publication rate was higher for pharmaceutical companies than for academic institutions and continues to increase. With the pharmaceutical industry focused on encouraging authors to publish OA and increasingly aware of the different types of OA licences, we expect and welcome further changes. Our new report provides data on pharmaceutical company and academic institution publications that are updated every 2 weeks. We encourage others to use this open resource and report their results.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When crayfish make news, headlines are correct but still misleading","authors":"Zen Faulkes","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.07.611802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.07.611802","url":null,"abstract":"Crayfish are well known to many but not often newsworthy, so cases where crayfish are covered in international news provide an example of how science journalism covers a news story about basic research. Headlines have a disproportionately large influence on people's factual knowledge and perceptions of stories covered in media. I tracked online media coverage of one scientific paper involving marbled crayfish and analyzed the headlines used by the articles. Articles were framed as \"news,\" but almost no headlines contained \"new\" facts that first appeared in the target scientific paper. The fact that appeared in the most headlines (that marbled crayfish reproduce by cloning) was over a decade old. Headlines misled readers into thinking a \"breakthrough\" was made by one team, rather than showing incremental advances by many teams of researchers over years.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ChatGPT Assisted Reading Protocol for Undergraduate Research Students Engaging with Biophysics Literature","authors":"Marcus Sambar, Gonzalo R. Vázquez, Anne V. Vázquez, Frank X. Vázquez","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.11.612473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.11.612473","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge for undergraduate students engaged in research is reading scientific literature. This is especially true for students engaged in biophysics research, where many of the concepts, definitions, and experimental methodologies discussed may be beyond the material covered in standard undergraduate courses. Without specific guidance on how to read journal articles, students can become overwhelmed, which may lead to students reading fewer papers and not engaging with the scientific literature related to their research. To help undergraduate students effectively engage with scientific papers, we have developed a guided reading protocol that combines pre-reading strategies, structured notetaking, and the use of ChatGPT. Using ChatGPT in this protocol allows students to clarify unfamiliar terms and concepts in an interactive way that helps them to integrate the paper's content into their own understanding. To test the impact of this protocol, participants in this study were given an initial survey to determine their comfort and experience with reading scientific literature. After this they were given an abridged biophysics paper and the ChatGPT assisted guided reading protocol. The ChatGPT transcripts were analyzed using open coding and the students were given a post-study survey to determine how they felt about their experience using ChatGPT. We found that most students do not appear to engage with the literature regularly, which may be due to barriers they encounter in terms of new and unknown content. Analyzing their conversations with the chatbot, we observed that students asked for definitions, explanations of unknown concepts, summaries of text or their own understanding, and simplifications of the text. Overall, students reported in the post-implementation survey that using ChatGPT was a positive experience and all students reported that they expected to use ChatGPT in the future when reading scientific literature. From this work, we believe that this new chatbot assisted reading protocol may be a way to keep novice biophysics students from becoming discouraged when they begin reading scientific literature and help keep them engaged with the current literature in the field.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From impact metrics and open science to communicating research: Journalists' awareness of academic controversies","authors":"Alice Fleerackers, Laura L Moorhead, Juan Pablo Alperin, Michelle Riedlinger, Lauren A Maggio","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.609638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.609638","url":null,"abstract":"This study sheds light on how journalists respond to evolving debates within academia around topics including research integrity, improper use of metrics to measure research quality and impact, and the risks and benefits of the open science movement. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 19 health and science journalists, we describe journalists' awareness of these controversies and the ways in which that awareness, in turn, shapes the practices they use to select, verify, and communicate research. Our findings suggest that journalists' perceptions of debates in scholarly communication vary widely, with some displaying a highly critical and nuanced understanding and others presenting a more limited awareness. Those with a more in-depth understanding report closely scrutinizing the research they report, carefully vetting the study design, methodology, and analyses. Those with a more limited awareness are more trusting of the peer review system as a quality control system and more willing to rely on researchers when determining what research to report on and how to vet and frame it. We discuss the benefits and risks of these varied perceptions and practices, highlighting the implications for the nature of the research media coverage that reaches the public.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of visual attention on letter recognition and reading acquisition in Arabic","authors":"Alaa Ghandour, Emmanuel Trouche, Dominique Guillo, Sylviane Valdois","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.610706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.610706","url":null,"abstract":"The present study sets out to explore the cognitive underpinnings of reading acquisition in Arabic. Previous studies have identified phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming as early predictors. However, the graphic complexity of Arabic letters imposes particular constraints on the visual system, which should mobilize visual attention. To test this hypothesis, 101 Arabic-speaking children who just began their formal reading instruction in Arabic were administered tests of syllable and word reading. Their nonverbal reasoning, vocabulary, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming and letter knowledge were measured. Their visual attention was estimated through tasks of visual attention span. We found that phonological awareness, visual attention span and letter knowledge were associated with reading outcomes. However, regression analyses showed that the relationship between visual attention span and reading disappeared when letter knowledge was taken-into-account. We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of visual attention span to reading. Results showed that phonological awareness and letter knowledge were significant and independent predictors of reading while visual attention span contributed only indirectly through its influence on letter knowledge. Our findings suggest that beginning readers rely on visual attention to identify and discriminate visually-complex Arabic letters. In turn, more efficient letter identification in children with higher visual attention facilitates reading acquisition. These findings support the cognitive models of word recognition that include visual attention as a component of the reading system. They open new perspectives for cross-language studies, suggesting that visual attention might contribute differently to reading depending on the orthographic system. They also provide a foundation for innovative teaching methodologies in Arabic language education.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Circular RNA Cancer Vaccines and Their Emerging Impact","authors":"Uddalak Das, Soupayan Banerjee, Meghna Sarkar","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.31.610618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.31.610618","url":null,"abstract":"Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines are emerging as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, offering novel mechanisms for inducing robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear mRNA vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. Recent studies have shown that circRNA vaccines play an important and specialized role in cancer treatment. However, there are currently no relevant bibliometric studies. This study aimed to apply bibliometrics and scientometrics to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots regarding the role of circRNA vaccines in cancer. Publications related to circRNA vaccines in cancer were searched on the Scopus database. VOSviewer and Scopus were used to conduct the analyses. This study summarizes the research trends and development of circRNA vaccines for cancer and also a comparative analysis between mRNA cancer vaccine and circRNA cancer vaccine identifying potential areas of focus, innovation and growth. This information will provide a reference for researchers to studying circRNA vaccines against cancer due to its increasing trends over recent times.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing student comprehension of paternity assignment in molecular primatology: a pilot study using a Shiny web application in Kenya","authors":"David Kiragu Mwaura, Jordan A Anderson, Daniel Kiboi, Mercy Y Akinyi, Jenny Tung","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.610690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.610690","url":null,"abstract":"Kinship is a major determinant of affiliative and mating behavior in primates. In field studies, identifying kin typically relies in part on genetic analysis, especially for discriminating paternal relationships. Such analyses assume knowledge of Mendelian inheritance, genotyping technologies, and basic statistical inference. Consequently, they can be difficult for students to grasp, particularly through traditional lecture formats. Here, we investigate whether integrating an additional active learning approach--interaction with a Shiny web application, DadApp, which implements a popular paternity inference approach in an accessible graphical user interface--improves student understanding of genetic kinship analysis in molecular primatology. We do so in the context of a non-traditional learning environment in Kenya, a developing nation in which students have limited access to technology, and where the efficacy of educational Shiny apps has never been assessed. Twenty-eight (28) participants with diverse educational backgrounds attended an introductory lecture on genetics and paternity inference, completed a pre-test, interacted with DadApp via a structured set of exercises and questions, and then completed a post-test and survey about their experience and subjective understanding. Post-test scores significantly improved relative to pre-test scores (p-value=3.75 x 10-6). Further, student interest and confidence in the subject matter significantly increased after the practical session with DadApp. Our results suggest that Shiny web app-based active learning approaches have potential benefits in communicating complex topics in molecular primatology, including in resource-limited settings where such methods have not yet experienced high penetrance.","PeriodicalId":501568,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Scientific Communication and Education","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}