medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Time on Task in Psychotherapeutic/Psychoeducational Intervention with Intermittent Explosive Disorder","authors":"Joseph Strayhorn, Stephen V Faraone, Yanli Zhang-James","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.12.24312716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.12.24312716","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Anger control has been seen as a set of learnable skills. How much time is necessary for such learning? Comparisons with time requirements for other skills make it plausible that for many people, learning anger control may require well over 100 hours of time on task. Research interventions have been shorter - a mean of 9 sessions was reported in one meta-analysis. In this study, our goal was to examine how much psychotherapeutic intervention is being delivered in the \"real world\" to patients with Intermittent Explosive Disorder.\u0000Method: We studied a de-identified electronic health record data from TriNetX, collected from 87 medical institutions. We studied 32,322 individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder. We examined the distribution of the number of individuals across numbers of sessions received. Results: The distribution for the numbers of sessions is highly skewed, resembling a curve of inverse proportion, or a Pareto function. The mode and the median were zero. Only about 25% of patients received any psychotherapy. For that subset, the median was 5 sessions, and the mean was 16. Approximately 10% received 9 visits or more; 5% 30 or more; 2% 50 or more. A large fraction of the psychotherapeutic labor was devoted to a small fraction of the patients: 80% of the sessions went to 7.5% of the patients.\u0000Conclusions: The ability of health care systems to reduce the societal problem of aggression, at least by psychotherapeutic intervention, appears limited by the factors leading to low, or no, time on task.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From peas to people - using quantitative traits to aid genetic discovery in depression","authors":"Lynsey S Hall, Mark J Adams, Yanni Zeng, Jude Gibson, Ella M Wigmore, Ana Maria Fernandez-Pujals, Heather C Whalley, Chris S Haley, Andrew M McIntosh","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.12.24313543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.12.24313543","url":null,"abstract":"A key component of Mendels work is what we now refer to as pleiotropy - when variation in one gene gives rise to variation in multiple phenotypes. This study focuses on aiding genetic discovery in depression by revisiting the depressed phenotype and developing a quantitative trait in a large mixed family and population study, using analyses built upon the theory which underpins Mendels pleiotropic observations - the relationship between phenotypic variation and genetic variation.\u0000Measures of genetic covariation were used to evaluate and rank ten measures of mood, personality, and cognitive ability as endophenotypes for depression. The highest-ranking traits were subjected to principal component analysis, and the first principal component used to create multivariate measures of depression. Four traits fulfilled most endophenotype criteria, however, only two traits (neuroticism and the general health questionnaire) consistently ranked highest across all measures of covariation. As such, three composite traits were derived incorporating two, three, or four traits. Composite traits were compared to the binary classification of depression and to their constituent univariate traits in terms of their coheritability, their ability to identify risk loci in a genome-wide association analysis, and phenotypic variance explained by polygenic profile scores for depression.\u0000Association analyses of binary depression, univariate traits, and composite traits yielded no genome-wide significant results. However, composite traits were more heritable and more highly correlated with depression than their constituent traits, suggesting that analysing candidate endophenotypes in combination captures more of the heritable component of depression and may in part be limited by sample size in the current study.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine treatment effects on DNA methylation and Epigenetic Biomarkers of aging","authors":"Kristin Dawson, Athena May Jean M. Carangan, Jessica Klunder, Natalia Carreras-Gallo, Raghav Sehgal, Samantha Megilligan, Benjamin C. Askins, Nicole Perkins, Tavis L. Mendez, Ryan Smith, Matthew Dawson, Michael Mallin, Albert T. Higgins-Chen, Varun Bhamidipati Dwaraka","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.10.24313258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.10.24313258","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are debilitating psychiatric conditions associated with poor health outcomes similarly observed in non-pathological aging. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with demonstrated rapid reduction in symptoms associated with Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) and PTSD. However, the effects of Ketamine on biological aging have not been extensively studied among patients with moderate to severe symptoms of depression and/or trauma. To address this gap, this study looked at the changes in non-epigenetic measures, DNA methylation levels, immune cell composition, and biological age based on various epigenetic biomarkers of aging, of 20 participants at baseline and after completion of a 2-3 week treatment course of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine infusions in individuals with MDD or PTSD. As expected, depression and PTSD scores decreased in participants following ketamine infusion treatments as measured by the PHQ-9 and PCL-5. We observed a reduction in epigenetic age in the OMICmAge, GrimAge V2, and PhenoAge biomarkers. In order to better understand the changes in epigenetic age, we also looked at the underlying levels of various Epigenetic Biomarker Proxies (EBPs) and surrogate protein markers and found significant changes following ketamine treatment. The results are consistent with existing literature on the effects of Ketamine on different biomarkers. These results underline the ability of GrimAge V2, PhenoAge, and OMICmAge in particular, to capture signals associated with key clinical biomarkers, and add to the growing body of literature on the epigenetic mechanisms associated with Ketamine and their effect on biological aging.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep inertia drives the association of evening chronotype with psychiatric disorders: epidemiological and genetic evidence","authors":"Angus C Burns, Stephanie Zellers, Daniel P. Windred, Iyas Daghlas, Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong, Martin Rutter, Christer Hublin, Eleni Friligkou, Renato Polimanti, Andrew J. K. Phillips, Sean W. Cain, Jaakko Kaprio, Hanna Ollila, Richa Saxena, Jacqueline M. Lane","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.10.24313197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.10.24313197","url":null,"abstract":"Evening chronotypes (a.k.a. night-owls) are held to be at greater risk for psychiatric disorders. This is postulated to be due to delayed circadian timing increasing the likelihood of circadian misalignment in an early-oriented society. Circadian misalignment is known to heighten sleep inertia, the difficulty transitioning from sleep to wake characterized by low arousal and cognitive impairment, and evening chronotypes experience greater sleep inertia. Therefore, difficulty awakening may explain the relationship between evening chronotype and psychiatric disorders by acting as a biomarker of circadian misalignment. In analyzing the longitudinal incidence of psychiatric disorders in the UK Biobank (n = 496,820), we found that evening chronotype predicted increased incidence of major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder and bipolar disorder. Crucially, this effect was dependent on sleep inertia, which was a much stronger predictor of these disorders, such that evening types without sleep inertia were at no higher risk as compared to morning types. Longitudinal analyses of suicide and depressed mood (CES-D score) in the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (n = 23,854) replicated this pattern of results. Twin and genome-wide association analyses of difficulty awakening identified the trait to be heritable (Twin H2 = 0.40; SNP h2 = 0.08), enriched for circadian rhythms genes and have substantial shared genetic architecture with chronotype. Marginal and conditional Mendelian randomization analyses mirrored the epidemiological results, such that the causal effect of evening chronotype on psychiatric disorders was driven by shared genetic architecture with difficulty awakening. In contrast, difficult awakening was strongly causally associated with psychiatric disorders independently of chronotype. Psychiatric disorders were only weakly reverse causally linked to difficult awakening. Collectively, these results challenge the notion that evening chronotype is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders per se, suggesting instead that evening types are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders due to circadian misalignment, for which sleep inertia may be acting as a biomarker.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress markers predict treatment outcomes in patients with generalized anxiety disorder treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","authors":"lijun cui, jingjing lu, zhongxia shen, jielin zhu, huanxin chen, shengliang yang, shikai wang, xinhua shen","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.07.24313247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.07.24313247","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The etiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been fully understood, and oxidative stress may potentially contribute to its pathogenesis. However, there is no published evidence concerning the possible influence of oxidative stress on antidepressant treatment outcomes. This study investigated the ability of oxidative stress markers to predict treatment outcomes in GAD patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).\u0000Methods: One hundred-one GAD patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The 101 GAD patients were selected for treatment with escitalopram (n=52) or sertraline (n=49) for eight weeks. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) assessments were conducted before and after treatment. The serum levels of eight oxidative stress makers, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), cortisol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) before and after SSRI treatment in GAD patients and at the time of HCs enrollment.\u0000Results: The serum levels of MDA, cortisol, and LPO were higher in GAD patients than in HCs (all p<.001), while SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT were lower than in HCs (all p<.001). The baseline MDA, LPO, NO, and cortisol levels were positively correlated with anxiety severity, while GSH-Px was negatively correlated. After eight weeks of SSRI treatment, the GSH-Px levels increased, and MDA and LPO decreased (all p<.05). Alterations in MDA levels co-varied with changes in anxiety measures (all p<.05). The ability of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of the baseline MDA levels to predict the SSRI endpoint treatment response was 0.804 (p<.05).\u0000Conclusion: The pathogenesis of GAD might involve oxidative stress. Moreover, serum MDA levels might predict treatment response to SSRIs. However, more research is warranted to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Polygenic Scores on the Relationship Between Psychosis and Cognitive Performance","authors":"Lauren Varney, Krisztina Jedlovszky, Baihan Wang, Stephen Murtough, Marius Cotic, Alvin Richards-Belle, Noushin Saadullah Khani, Robin Lau, Rosemary Abidoph, Andrew McQuillin, Johan H Thygesen, Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium (PEIC), Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Stephan Bender, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Jeremy Hall, Conrad Iyegbe, Eugenia Kravariti, Stephen Lawrie, Ignacio Mata, Colm McDonald, Robin M Murray, Diana P Prata, Timothea Toulopoulou, Neeltje EM van Haren, Elvira Bramon","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.10.24313194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.10.24313194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Up to 80% of psychosis patients experience cognitive impairment. High heritability of both psychosis and cognition means cognitive performance could be an endophenotype for psychosis.\u0000Methods: Using samples of adults (N=4,506) and children (N=10,981), we investigated the effect of polygenic scores (PGSs) for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on cognitive performance, and PGSs for intelligence and educational attainment on psychosis symptoms.\u0000Results: Schizophrenia PGS was negatively associated with visuospatial processing/problem-solving in the adult sample (beta: -0.0569; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0926, -0.0212) and working memory (beta: -0.0432; 95% CI: -0.0697, -0.0168), processing speed (b: -0.0491; 95% CI: -0.0760, -0.0223), episodic memory (betas: -0.0581 to -0.0430; 95% CIs: -0.0847 to -0.0162), executive functioning (beta: -0.0423; 95% CI: -0.0692, -0.0155), fluid intelligence (beta: -0.0583; 95% CI: -0.0847, -0.0320), and total intelligence (beta: -0.0458; 95% CI: -0.0709, -0.0206) in the child sample. Bipolar disorder PGS was not associated with any cognitive endophenotypes studied. Lower values on the PGS for intelligence were associated with higher odds of psychosis in adults (odds ratio [OR]: 0.886; 95% CI: 0.811-0.968) and psychotic-like experiences in children (OR: 0.829; 95% CI: 0.777-0.884). In children, a lower polygenic score for educational attainment was associated with greater odds of psychotic-like experiences (OR: 0.771; 95% CI: 0.724-0.821).\u0000Conclusions: The relationship between psychosis and cognitive impairment can be demonstrated bidirectionally at the neurobiological level. The effect of schizophrenia PGS on cognitive performance differs across the lifespan and cognitive domains. Specific cognitive domains may therefore be better endophenotypes than overall cognition.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered food liking in depression is driven by macronutrient composition","authors":"Lilly Thurn, Corinna Schulz, Diba Borgmann, Johannes Klaus, Sabine Ellinger, Martin Walter, Nils B Kroemer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.09.24313298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.09.24313298","url":null,"abstract":"Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by changes in appetite and body\u0000weight as well as blunted reward sensitivity ('anhedonia'). However, it is not well\u0000understood which mechanisms are driving changes in reward sensitivity, specifically\u0000regarding food. Here, we used a sample of 117 participants (54 patients with MDD; 63\u0000healthy control participants, HCP) who completed a food cue reactivity (FCR) task with\u0000ratings of wanting and liking for 60 food and 20 non-food items. To evaluate which\u0000components of the food may contribute to altered ratings in depression, we tested for\u0000associations with macronutrients of the depicted items. In line with previous studies,\u0000we found reduced ratings of food wanting (p = .003), but not liking (p = .23) in patients\u0000with MDD compared to matched HCPs. Adding macronutrient composition to the\u0000models of wanting and liking substantially improved their fit (ps < .001). Compared to\u0000carbohydrate-rich foods, patients with MDD reported lower liking and wanting ratings\u0000for high-fat and high-protein foods. Moreover, patients with MDD showed weaker\u0000correlations in their preferences for carbohydrate- versus fat- or protein-rich foods (ps\u0000< .001), pointing to potential disturbances in metabolic signaling. To conclude, our\u0000results suggest that depression-related alterations in food reward ratings are more\u0000specific to the macronutrient composition of the food than previously anticipated,\u0000hinting at disturbances in gut-brain signaling. These findings raise the intriguing\u0000question whether interventions targeting the gut could help normalize aberrant reward\u0000signals for foods rich in fat or protein.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The induction of dissociative states: A meta-analysis","authors":"Benjamin Brake, Lillian Wieder, Natasha Hughes, Ivonne Saravia Lalinde, Danielle Marr, Dali Geagea, Susannah Pick, Antje A. T. S. Reinders, Sunjeev K. Kamboj, Trevor Thompson, Devin B. Terhune","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.09.24313338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.09.24313338","url":null,"abstract":"Dissociative states, characterised by discontinuities in awareness and perception, occur in a diverse array of psychiatric disorders and contexts. Dissociative states have been modeled in the laboratory through various induction methods but relatively little is known about the efficacy and comparability of different experimental methods. This meta-analysis quantified dissociative states, as indexed by a standardised instrument (Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale), at baseline in varied diagnostic groups and in response to different experimental induction methods (psychological techniques and pharmacological agents) in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Primary outcomes were state dissociation effect sizes (Hedges's g) (PROSPERO registration CRD42022384886). 2,214 papers were screened, yielding 150 eligible articles and 251 effect sizes comprising 7,190 individuals. High levels of baseline state dissociation were observed in multiple diagnostic groups relative to controls, with the largest effects found in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In controlled experiments, induced state dissociation was most pronounced in response to mirror-gazing, ayahuasca, ketamine, cannabis, MDMA, and nitrous oxide relative, with effects comparable to or exceeding baseline state dissociation in PTSD. The effect sizes were characterised by pronounced heterogeneity but were not reliably associated with methodological features of the original studies. Elevated state dissociation is present in multiple diagnostic groups and comparable or higher levels can be reliably induced in controlled experiments using psychological techniques and pharmacological agents. These results demonstrate the efficacy of several methods for experimentally modelling dissociation and have implications for measuring adverse events and predicting outcomes in clinical interventions involving pharmacological agents.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receiving information on machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in psychiatric services increases staff trust in these systems: A randomized survey experiment","authors":"Erik Perfalk, Martin Bernstorff, Andreas Aalkjær Danielsen, Søren Dinesen Østergaard","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.09.24313303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.09.24313303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical decision support systems based on machine learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. To ensure their successful implementation, healthcare staff needs to trust these systems. Here, we investigated if providing staff with basic information about ML-based clinical decision support systems enhances their trust in them. Methods: We conducted a randomised survey experiment among staff in the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region. The participants were allocated to one of three arms, receiving different types of information: An intervention arm (receiving information on clinical decision-making supported by an ML model); an active control arm (receiving information on standard clinical decision process without ML support); and a blank control arm (no information). Subsequently, participants responded to various questions regarding their trust/distrust in ML-based clinical decision support systems. The effect of the intervention was assessed by pairwise comparisons between all randomization arms on sum scores of trust and distrust. Findings: Among 2,838 invitees, 780 completed the survey experiment. The intervention enhanced trust and diminished distrust in ML-based clinical decision support systems compared with the active control arm (Trust: mean difference= 5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2%; 9%], p-value < 0.001; Distrust: mean difference=-4% [-7%; -1%], p-value = 0.042)) and the blank control arm (Trust: mean difference= 5% [2%; 11%], p-value = 0.003; Distrust: mean difference= -3% [ -6%; -1%], p-value = 0.021). Interpretation: Providing information on ML-based clinical decision support systems in hospital psychiatry may increase healthcare staff trust in such systems.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal and Geographic Trends in Perceived Racial Discrimination Among Adolescents in the U.S.: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study","authors":"Christopher T Fields, Carmen Black, Amanda Calhoun, Shervin Assari, Xin Zhou, Jason Nagata, Dylan G. Gee","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.08.24313273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.08.24313273","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines longitudinal and geographic trends in perceived racial discrimination among U.S. adolescents using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. A diverse sample of 11,868 children aged 9-10 at baseline from 22 sites across the U.S. was analyzed, assessing perceived discrimination at ages 10-11, 11-12, and 13-14 using items adapted from the Perceived Discrimination Scale. Binomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate longitudinal trends and geographic variation, adjusting for demographic factors such as race/ethnicity, parental education, and income. Results show that perceived racial discrimination increased significantly from ages 10-11 to 13-14, particularly among Black and Asian adolescents. By age 13-14, nearly half of Black adolescents and over a quarter of Asian adolescents reported discrimination. Geographic analysis revealed that Black adolescents in the Western U.S. and predominantly White affluent neighborhoods had the highest odds of perceived discrimination. Higher state-level anti-Black bias was associated with lower discrimination rates among Black adolescents but higher rates for Asian adolescents. These findings highlight the evolving nature of racial discrimination during adolescence and underscore the need for targeted interventions that address racisms mental health impacts on adolescents, particularly in high-risk geographic and socio-economic contexts.","PeriodicalId":501388,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}