{"title":"Space Station Rotational Stability","authors":"David W. Jensen","doi":"arxiv-2408.00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.00155","url":null,"abstract":"Designing for rotational stability can dramatically affect the geometry of a\u0000space station. If improperly designed, the rotating station could end up\u0000catastrophically tumbling end-over-end. Active stabilization can address this\u0000problem; however, designing the station with passive rotation stability\u0000provides a lower-cost solution. This paper presents passive rotational\u0000stability guidelines for four space station geometries. Station stability is\u0000first analyzed with thin-shell and thick-shell models. Stability is also\u0000analyzed with models of the station's major constituent parts, including outer\u0000shells, spokes, floors, air, and shuttle bays.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simple numerical model of the water bottle flipping experiment","authors":"Julie NassoyLP2N, CRPP, Margot Nguyen HuuLP2N, CRPP, Léon RembotteLP2N, CRPP, Jean-Baptiste TrebbiaLP2N, Pierre NassoyLP2N","doi":"arxiv-2407.20627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.20627","url":null,"abstract":"The water bottle flip experiment is a recreational, non-conventional\u0000illustration of the conservation of angular moment. When a bottle partially\u0000filled with water is thrown in a rotational motion, water redistributes\u0000throughout the bottle, resulting in an increase of moment of inertia and thus\u0000to a decrease in angular velocity, which increases the probability of it\u0000falling upright on a table as compared with a bottle filled with ice. The\u0000investigation of this phenomenom is accessible to undergraduate students and\u0000should allow them to gain better understanding of combined translational and\u0000rotational motions in classical mechanics. In addition to reporting a series of\u0000detailed experiments and analyzing them using standard image analysis, we\u0000provide a simple theoretical framework and subsequent numerical implementation\u0000based on the decomposition of the water volume into thin slices of a rigid body\u0000that are subjected to fictitious forces in the non-inertial frame of the\u0000spinning bottle. This model allows us to capture quantitatively the main\u0000experimental findings, including the angular velocity slow-down for a given\u0000range of water filling fractions. Finally, we discuss additionnal\u0000counter-intuitive effects that contribute to bottle stabilization on landing.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Middleton, Christopher P L Berry, Nicolas Arnaud, David Blair, Jacqueline Bondell, Nicolas Bonne, Debarati Chatterjee, Sylvain Chaty, Storm Colloms, Lynn Cominsky, Livia Conti, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Robert Coyne, Zoheyr Doctor, Andreas Freise, Aaron Geller, Jen Gupta, Daniel Holz, William Katzman, David Keitel, Joey Shapiro Key, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Carl Knox, Coleman Krawczyk, Ryan N Lang, Shane L Larson, Chris North, Sascha Rieger, Aurore Simonnet, Andrew Spencer
{"title":"Communicating the gravitational-wave discoveries of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration","authors":"Hannah Middleton, Christopher P L Berry, Nicolas Arnaud, David Blair, Jacqueline Bondell, Nicolas Bonne, Debarati Chatterjee, Sylvain Chaty, Storm Colloms, Lynn Cominsky, Livia Conti, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Robert Coyne, Zoheyr Doctor, Andreas Freise, Aaron Geller, Jen Gupta, Daniel Holz, William Katzman, David Keitel, Joey Shapiro Key, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Carl Knox, Coleman Krawczyk, Ryan N Lang, Shane L Larson, Chris North, Sascha Rieger, Aurore Simonnet, Andrew Spencer","doi":"arxiv-2407.18638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.18638","url":null,"abstract":"The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has made breakthrough discoveries in\u0000gravitational-wave astronomy, a new field of astronomy that provides a\u0000different means of observing our Universe. Gravitational-wave discoveries are\u0000possible thanks to the work of thousands of people from across the globe\u0000working together. In this article, we discuss the range of engagement\u0000activities used to communicate LVK gravitational-wave discoveries and the\u0000stories of the people behind the science using the activities surrounding the\u0000release of the third Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog as a case study.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can nuclear energy contribute to the energy transition?","authors":"Axel Kleidon, Harald Lesch","doi":"arxiv-2407.13325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.13325","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of the energy transition, energy generation from nuclear power\u0000- through nuclear fission and perhaps in the future through nuclear fusion - is\u0000often proposed as an alternative or supplement to renewable energy sources.\u0000There are already good reasons why electricity generation from nuclear energy\u0000is significantly more expensive than other forms of generation, while\u0000increasing dryness as a result of climate change is generally calling into\u0000question the reliability of thermal power plants. Nuclear energy is therefore\u0000unlikely to play a role in a future energy supply that relies on low costs and\u0000reliability.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speed-accuracy tradeoff and its effect in the game of cricket: predictive modeling from statistical mechanics perspective","authors":"Mohd Suhail Rizvi","doi":"arxiv-2407.02548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.02548","url":null,"abstract":"The speed-accuracy tradeoffs are prevalent in a wide range of physical\u0000systems. In this paper, we demonstrate speed-accuracy tradeoffs in the game of\u0000cricket, where 'batters' score runs on the balls bowled by the 'bowlers'. It is\u0000shown that the run scoring rate by a batter and the probability of dismissal\u0000follow a power-law relation. Due to availability of extensive data, game of\u0000cricket is an excellent model for the study of the effect of speed-accuracy\u0000tradeoff on the overall performance of the system. It is shown that the\u0000exponent of the power-law governs the nature of the adaptability of the player\u0000in different conditions and can be used for their assessment. Further, it is\u0000demonstrated that the players with extreme values of the power-law exponent are\u0000better suited for different playing conditions as compared to the ones with\u0000moderate values. These findings can be utilized to identify the potential of\u0000the cricket players for different game formats and can further help team\u0000management in devising strategies for the best outcomes with a given set of\u0000players.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the relative packing densities of pistachios and pistachio shells","authors":"Ruben Zakine, Michael Benzaquen","doi":"arxiv-2406.18386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.18386","url":null,"abstract":"Given an appetizer bowl full of $N$ pistachios, what is the optimal size of\u0000the container -- neither too small, nor too big -- needed for accommodating the\u0000resulting $2N$ non-edible pistachio shells? Performing a simple experiment we\u0000find that, provided the shells are densely packed, such container needs only be\u0000slightly more than half ($approx 0.57$) that of the original pistachio bowl.\u0000If loosely packed this number increases to $approx 0.73$. Our results are\u0000discussed in light of existing literature on packing ellipsoids and spherical\u0000caps.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wolfgang Bietenholz, José Antonio García-Hernández
{"title":"In Memoriam: Peter Higgs (1929-2024)","authors":"Wolfgang Bietenholz, José Antonio García-Hernández","doi":"arxiv-2406.15706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.15706","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Higgs was a British theoretical physicist, famous for his work\u0000published in 1964, where he proposed a mechanism that can generate masses for\u0000elementary particles, while respecting gauge invariance. Half a century later,\u0000two experiments at CERN confirmed that this mechanism is realized in nature. On\u0000April 8th, we received the sad news of the passing of the great pioneer of\u0000elementary particle physics. This article is dedicated to his memory, and to\u0000the mechanism and particle that bear his name. -- Peter Higgs fue un f'isico te'orico brit'anico, famoso por su trabajo de\u00001964 donde propuso un mecanismo que puede generar masas para part'iculas\u0000elementales, conforme a la simetr'ia de norma. Medio siglo m'as tarde, dos\u0000experimentos del CERN confirmaron que este mecanismo est'a realizado en la\u0000naturaleza. El 8 de abril nos lleg'o la triste noticia del fallecimiento del\u0000gran pionero de la fisica de part'iculas elementales. Este art'iculo es\u0000dedicado a su memoria, as'i como al mecanismo y a la part'icula que llevan su\u0000nombre.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Herbert Dingle and \"Science at the Crossroads\"","authors":"Taha Sochi","doi":"arxiv-2407.13697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.13697","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we pay tribute to Herbert Dingle for his early call to\u0000re-assess special relativity from philosophical and logical perspectives.\u0000However, we disagree with Dingle about a number of issues particularly his\u0000failure to distinguish between the scientific essence of special relativity (as\u0000represented by the experimentally-supported Lorentz transformations and their\u0000formal implications and consequences which we call \"the mechanics of Lorentz\u0000transformations\") and the logically inconsistent interpretation of Einstein\u0000(which is largely based on the philosophical and epistemological views of\u0000Poincare). We also disagree with him about his manner and attitude which he\u0000adopted in his campaign against special relativity although we generally agree\u0000with him about the necessity of impartiality of the scientific community and\u0000the scientific press towards scientific theories and opinions as well as the\u0000necessity of total respect to the ethics of science and the rules of moral\u0000conduct in general.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Model for Economic Freedom on Mars","authors":"Jacob Haqq-Misra","doi":"arxiv-2406.10380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.10380","url":null,"abstract":"The momentum of human spaceflight initiatives continues to build toward Mars,\u0000and technological advances may eventually enable the potential for permanent\u0000space settlement. Aspirations for sustaining human life in space must be\u0000predicated on human factors, rather than technological constraints alone, and\u0000advances in models of governance and ethics are necessary as human civilization\u0000becomes a spacefaring species. This paper presents an idealistic but feasible\u0000model for economic freedom on Mars, which is situated within a framework in\u0000which Mars has been designated as a sovereign juridical peer to Earth. Under\u0000such conditions, Mars could maintain monetary stability through full reserve\u0000banking and a restriction on exchange with any fractional reserve Earth\u0000currencies, with a volume of circulating currency that changes based on the\u0000total population within fixed capacity infrastructure. Mars could maintain\u0000long-term political stability by diffusing the ownership of capital on Mars,\u0000which would allow all citizens of Mars to draw sufficient wealth from a\u0000combination of capital ownership and labor to live a good life. This model\u0000could also support limited tourism on Mars, in which real goods are exchanged\u0000for services but currency transactions between planets are prohibited. This\u0000model demonstrates the potential for a viable and sustainable economy on Mars\u0000that could conceivably be implemented, including on a sovereign Mars but also\u0000in other scenarios of space settlement. More broadly, this model illustrates\u0000that ideas such as diffuse capital ownership and limited government can enable\u0000freedom in space, and numerous models beyond a centralized world space agency\u0000should be explored to ensure the optimal governance of the emerging space\u0000economy.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What You Shouldn't Know About Quantum Computers","authors":"Chris Ferrie","doi":"arxiv-2405.15838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.15838","url":null,"abstract":"Whether you're a CEO strategizing the future of your company, a tech\u0000enthusiast debating your next career move, a high school teacher eager to\u0000enlighten your students, or simply tired of the relentless quantum hype, this\u0000is crafted just for you. Cutting through the complex jargon to deliver the\u0000straight facts on quantum computing, peeling away the layers of mystique to\u0000reveal the true potential and limitations of this groundbreaking technology.\u0000Prepare to have your misconceptions challenged, and your understanding deepened\u0000in this clear-eyed view of the quantum future, written to inform and inspire\u0000readers across the spectrum of curiosity and need.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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