Natural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"First direct detection of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on asteroid (162173) Ryugu samples: An interstellar heritage","authors":"Hassan Sabbah, Ghylaine Quitté, Karine Demyk, Christine Joblin","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240010","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered major players in the physics and chemistry of star‐ and planet‐forming regions. The interstellar PAH hypothesis is based on our understanding of the origin of the aromatic infrared bands (AIBs), a set of bright emission features that are now the focus of observations by the James Webb telescope. While AIB carriers are expected to be large free PAHs (50 carbon atoms or more), laboratory analysis of primitive carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) has mainly revealed relatively small PAHs, up to 24 carbon atoms. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of aromatic species in bulk samples from the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu using a surface mass spectrometry technique provided by two‐step laser desorption ionization. The resulting molecular distribution differs significantly from that obtained for a sample from the CC Orgueil, revealing aromatic species extending up to 61 carbon atoms. The species identified are composed of both peri‐condensed PAHs and non‐condensed aromatics. These results directly support the interstellar PAH hypothesis and open up new perspectives on the formation and evolution of organic matter in star‐forming regions and in the solar nebula.Key Points<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>First direct detection of free aromatic species of large sizes with up to 61 carbon atoms in primitive extraterrestrial matter by applying a highly sensitive two‐step laser mass spectrometry analysis to grain samples from the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu (Hayabusa2 mission).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>First direct support for the interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) hypothesis, according to which large free PAHs are responsible for the aromatic emission bands that are major infrared features currently observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The large aromatic species detected are present in trace amounts and future research is needed to develop sensitive techniques for studying these compounds in sample return missions and meteorites.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoring basis for heat unfolding‐induced inactivation in TRPV1","authors":"Guangyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240008","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) is a capsaicin receptor that employs use‐dependent desensitization to protect highly evolved mammals from noxious heat damage in response to repeated or constant heat stimuli. However, the underlying structural factor or motif has not been precisely resolved. In this computational study, the graph theory‐based grid thermodynamic model was used to reveal how temperature‐dependent noncovalent interactions, as identified in the 3D structures of rat TRPV1, could develop a well‐organized fluidic grid‐like mesh network. This network features various topological grids constrained as thermosensitive rings that range in size from the biggest to the smallest, governing distinct structural and functional traits of the channel in response to different temperature degrees. After discovering that heat unfolding of three specific biggest grids, one in the closed state and two in the open state, respectively, causes the reversible activation at 43°C and thermal inactivation between 56°C and 61°C, a smaller random grid was also found to be responsible for irreversible inactivation and use‐dependent desensitization from the pre‐open closed state within the temperature range of 43°C–61°C. Thus, these two distinct inactivation pathways of TRPV1 may be involved in protecting those mammals against noxious heat damage.Key Points<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>A perturbation at the protein–water interface was accompanied by partial heat or cold unfolding of the membrane protein.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A reversible or irreversible gating transition of an ion channel may result from a specific or random interaction between two active sites, respectively.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Kinetically driven protein aggregation was not the cause of thermodynamically trapped irreversible inactivation, but rather a later stage of partial heat‐induced unfolding.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on “A simple, practical experiment to investigate atomic wavefunction reduction within a Stern‐Gerlach magnet” by Michael Devereux, published in J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 57, 152501 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1088/1361‐6455/ad5992","authors":"Ron Folman","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240025","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental proof of coherent spatial interference from the logitudinal (1D) Stern-Gerlach (SG) interferometer. (a) A single-shot interference pattern of a thermal cloud with a negligible BEC fraction, with a visibility of 𝑉 = 0.65, clearly showing that a BEC is not needed for the interferometer to work. (b) A multishot image made by averaging 40 consecutive interference images using a BEC (no correction or postselection) with a normalized visibility of 𝑉 = 0.99, proving that the interferometer is phase stable and that no BEC interference (with random fringe position) was involved. (c) Spin oscillations observed at the output of the full-loop SG. The data agrees almost perfectly with the theory developed for a spatial interferometer by the group of Wolfgang Schleich. The excellent agreement again proves that coherent spatial splitting has been achieved. Additional experimental results include clock interferometry and geometrical phase, results which all fit nicely with the theory of a spatial SG interferometer. For a detailed review of the experiments see: Keil, M. et al. (2021). Stern-Gerlach Interferometry with the Atom Chip. In: Friedrich, B., Schmidt-Böcking, H. (eds) Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_14","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How inoculation saved the world: A timely acknowledgment of the contribution of an English lady","authors":"Sandya Narayanswami","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dr. Sandya Narayanswami is a life scientist with a B. Sc (Hons) in Biological Sciences from the University of Leicester, a PhD from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, followed by postdoctoral training in the Chambon and Hamkalo Labs at the Universities of Strasbourg and California, Irvine. She combines faculty-level research experience at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, with a 25-year track record of fundraising from foundations, corporations, and federal agencies, most recently at the California Institute of Technology. She launched her own consultancy in 2014 and got her pilot's license in 2019 through the Caltech Flying Club. She is currently Chairman of the Board of the General Aviation Awards, the US's oldest awards program in General Aviation, endorsed by the FAA. She has a profound passion for and understanding of science, together with a deep love and knowledge of literature and the humanities.</p>\u0000<div>\u0000<h2> Research Highlights</h2>\u0000<div>\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was the person who introduced inoculation for smallpox from Turkey to the Western world. Her work underlies all subsequent vaccination strategies, including that of Katalin Karikó, who shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine for her work on novel mRNA-based vaccines.</li>\u0000<li>Lady Mary's contribution is more relevant than ever yet it is routinely ignored, while Edward Jenner (1749−1823) gets all the credit. Jenner, however, did not introduce inoculation—he merely changed the antigen used to elicit an immune response from live smallpox to cowpox. While this made inoculation safer, it would not have been possible without an inoculation method.</li>\u0000<li>Willett's biography of Lady Mary is well-written and targeted to the general reader. It describes her efforts in terms that contemporaries today can relate to, for example, current rules for “clinical trials” and how data gathering was performed during the early stages of testing this new protocol. </li>\u0000</ul>\u0000</div>\u0000</div>\u0000<p>With truly brilliant timing, just as the COVID pandemic accelerated in 2021, a new biography of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689−1762),<span>¹</span> a pioneer of inoculation as a medical technology, was published. Although nothing in the book specifically mentions the pandemic, the obvious message is that it is time to understand Lady Mary's contribution more broadly. Her work underlies all subsequent vaccination strategies, including that of another woman, Katalin Karikó, who shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine for her work on novel mRNA-based vaccines, which literally saved the world more than 300 years later.</p>\u0000<p>Lady Mary, eldest daughter of Evelyn Pierrepont, first Duke of Kingston was the person who introduced inoculation or, as it was called, “engrafting” for smallpox from Turkey to the Western world. At the time, smallpox was causing waves of lethal epidemics throughout Europe. Lady Mary herself had caught the disease and survived although her brother Wil","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information ‐ TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ntls.202420003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.202420003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover: Commentary on the role of polyoxometalates in nature cybernetic loop","authors":"Kirill Yu. Monakhov","doi":"10.1002/ntls.202420001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.202420001","url":null,"abstract":"Polyoxometalates, anionic metal-oxygen clusters, are part of our biosphere. They are components of minerals and certain bacteria. This natural occurrence can be of future technological importance. The commentary ntls.20230020 by Kirill Yu. Monakhov provides insights into the terrestrial interplays of these molecules.","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular beam scattering from flat jets of liquid dodecane and water","authors":"Walt Yang, Madison M. Foreman, Steven Saric, Alec M. Wodtke, Kevin R. Wilson, Daniel M. Neumark","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240009","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Molecular beam experiments in which gas molecules are scattered from liquids provide detailed, microscopic perspectives on the gas–liquid interface. Extending these methods to volatile liquids while maintaining the ability to measure product energy and angular distributions presents a significant challenge. The incorporation of flat liquid jets into molecular beam scattering experiments in our laboratory has allowed us to demonstrate their utility in uncovering dynamics in this complex chemical environment. Here, we summarize recent work on the evaporation and scattering of Ne, CD<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, ND<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, and D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O from a dodecane flat liquid jet and present first results on the evaporation and scattering of Ar from a cold salty water jet. In the evaporation experiments, Maxwell–Boltzmann flux distributions with a cos<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> angular distribution are observed. Scattering experiments reveal both impulsive scattering (IS) and trapping followed by thermal desorption (TD). Super‐specular scattering is observed for all four species scattered from dodecane and is attributed to anisotropic momentum transfer to the liquid surface. In the IS channel, rotational excitation of the polyatomic scatterers is a significant energy sink, and these species accommodate more readily on the dodecane surface compared to Ne. Our preliminary results on cold salty water jets suggest that Ar atoms undergo some vapor‐phase collisions when evaporating from the liquid surface. Initial scattering experiments characterize the mechanisms of Ar interacting with an aqueous jet, allowing for comparison to dodecane systems.Key Points<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Molecular beam scattering from flat liquid jets is a powerful technique to elucidate mechanistic detail at the gas–liquid interface.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Previous dodecane scattering experiments have uncovered angularly‐resolved thermal desorption fractions and energy transfer at the interface for several small molecule scatterers.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Preliminary results on scattering from cold salty water reveal mechanisms of interaction between argon and an aqueous jet.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion solvation in atomic baths: From snowballs to polarons","authors":"Saajid Chowdhury, Jesús Perez‐Ríos","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240006","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Solvation, the result of the complicated interplay between solvent–solute and solvent–internal interactions, is one of the most important chemical processes. Consequently, a complete theoretical understanding of solvation seems like a heroic task. However, it is possible to elucidate fundamental solvation mechanisms by looking into simpler systems, such as ion solvation in atomic baths. In this work, we study ion solvation by calculating the ground state properties of a single ion in a neutral bath from the high‐density to the low‐density regimes, finding common ground for these two, in principle, disparate regimes. Our results indicate that a single <jats:sup>174</jats:sup>Yb<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ion in a bath of <jats:sup>7</jats:sup>Li atoms forms a coordination complex at high densities with a coordination number of 8, with strong electrostriction characteristic of the snowball effect. On the contrary, treating the atomic bath as a dilute quantum gas at low densities, we find that the ion‐atom interaction's short‐range plays a significant role in the physics of many‐body‐bound states and polarons. Furthermore, in this regime, we explore the role of an ion trap necessary to experimentally realize this system, which drastically affects the binding mechanism of the ion and atoms from a quantum gas. Therefore, our results give a novel insight into the universality of ion‐neutral systems in the ultracold regime and the possibilities of observing exotic many‐body effects.Keypoints<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>A global study of ion solvation in atomic baths from the high‐ to the low‐density regimes.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The ion–atom short‐range interaction is critical to understanding the presence of many‐body‐bound states and polarons.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The ion‐trapping potential drastically impacts many‐body‐bound states and polaron formation.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling the atmosphere","authors":"Philipp Wiescher, Michael Wiescher","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240005","url":null,"abstract":"This is a paper on experimental studies performed in the 1940s at the University of Notre Dame accelerator laboratory to investigate radiation effects on materials and also to probe the efficiency of atmospheric cooling of the fireball created by a nuclear fission device. This was a critical question to be addressed during the early phases in the development of the Manhattan project, which was again raised in the film <jats:italic>Oppenheimer</jats:italic>, posing the question whether “a bomb can set the atmosphere on fire.” This paper brings forth the formerly classified reaction studies performed at Notre Dame's Nuclear Science Laboratory to answer this question.","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140635821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Sciences is 3 years young","authors":"Elaine Bearer, Gerard Meijer, Bretislav Friedrich","doi":"10.1002/ntls.20240004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20240004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We are pleased to note that, at the age of 3, Wiley’s flagship journal, <i><b>Natural Sciences</b></i>, has reached a degree of maturity that is reflected in an average citation rate of 4.4 and inclusion in the <i>Web of Science</i>, the <i>Emerging Sources Citation Index</i> as well as in other indexing services. The three volumes of the journal published since 2021 are comprised of outstanding research articles and reviews as well as highlights, commentaries, perspectives, and critiques by leading members of the global community.</p>\u0000<p><b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> is an Open Science journal. Open Science encompasses not only open-access publishing but also open peer review and sharing of primary scientific data. The ongoing transformation of past publishing practices to Open Science is being fostered by a broad coalition of stakeholders comprised of research institutions, publishing houses, and governments. Open Science has recently received a strong endorsement from UNESCO.</p>\u0000<p><b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> is an inter- and multidisciplinary journal that publishes outstanding research from the global community spanning <i>biology</i>, <i>chemistry</i>, and <i>physics</i> and their interfaces, as well as seminal works from related fields, such as <i>engineering</i> and <i>biomedical research</i>.</p>\u0000<p>In contrast to other high-ranking journals, <b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> is run by practicing academic scientists who treat submitted papers just like they wish their own papers would be treated—fairly, quickly, and without bias. That is why the tagline reads <b><i>A Journal of, by, and for Scientists</i></b>.</p>\u0000<p>In developing the concept of <b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b>, we work closely with Wiley to ensure efficient editorial practices. Wiley's international network of experienced professionals steeped in scientific publishing is there for us 24/7. Together, we are committed to Open-Science publishing that is timely and rigorous—and to embracing Open-Science innovations in the process. The main ideas that led us to envision <b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> are summarized in our Manifesto.</p>\u0000<p>As examples of what <b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> has achieved so far, we invite you to check out our highly cited and downloaded articles:</p>\u0000<p>Top Cited Articles: Natural Sciences</p>\u0000<p>Top Downloaded Articles: Natural Sciences</p>\u0000<p>We hope that the appeal of Open Science in general and of <b><i>Natural Sciences</i></b> in particular will make both the publishing model and the journal continue to prosper in the years to come. This is the submission link. <b>Please note that any article publication charges are waived throughout 2024</b>.</p>\u0000<p>We look forward to your submissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":501225,"journal":{"name":"Natural Sciences","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140151417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}