Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain最新文献

{"title":"Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Trigger Points","authors":"J. Dommerholt, C. Bron","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.827290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.827290","url":null,"abstract":"In this edition of the myofascial literature review column, we included a large number of clinical studies. Of particular interest are the studies by Mayoral et al. who introduced a smart way to conduct true double blind studies of trigger point [TrP] dry needling and an important study from Norway, which addresses the presence and management of TrPs in patients with lower limb amputations. Several prevalence papers were published about TrPs in the shoulder with impingement syndrome and the hip with patellofemoral pain [PFP]. From the National Institutes of Health and George Mason University comes the next paper on characterizing TrPs using sonography. We conclude the review with several interesting case reports. Observant readers will note that we no longer indicate which author prepared which review as all reviews are the results of collaboration between the two authors.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"281 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.827290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69497778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Static Stretching, Active Warm Up, or Passive Warm Up on Flexibility of the Plantar Flexor Muscles of Iranian Professional Female Taekwondo Athletes","authors":"Leila Nuri, N. Ghotbi, S. Faghihzadeh","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.827771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.827771","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Muscle flexibility is an important component of injury prevention in athletes. Active warm-up, passive warm-up and static stretching are different methods for increasing flexibility. Little clinical evidence is available regarding which of these methods has a greater role in increasing flexibility. This study was performed to compare acute effects of the above methods on the flexibility of the plantar flexor muscles of professional female taekwondo athletes. Methods: Female professional taekwondo athletes were randomly classified into three intervention protocol groups [active warm-up, passive warm-up, or static stretching, respectively]. Passive and active range of motion [ROM] was measured using a universal goniometer before and immediately after performing each of the designated flexibility protocols. Results: Thirty female athletes participated, providing 10 subjects for each group. There were no differences in age or body mass index between groups. The static-stretching protocol significantly increased active [p = 0.001] and passive [p = 0.001] ROM. The active warm-up protocol did not change either the active or passive ROM [p > 0.05]. The passive warm up protocol increased only the active ROM [p = 0.04]. Post hoc testing showed a significant difference not only between static stretching and active warm-up groups [p = 0.000], but also between static stretching and passive warm-up groups [p = 0.000]. There was no significant difference between the passive and active warm-up groups [p > 0.05]. Conclusions: Static stretching only protocol increased flexibility more than active and passive warm-up only protocols.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"263 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.827771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69498925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Health-Related Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity","authors":"Y. Sengul, Özge Ertekin, S. Ozalevli","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.826317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.826317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: To compare health-related quality of life [QOL] and exercise capacity of the individuals with mild pain not requiring medical advice and not related to any musculoskeletal disease or problem with that of no pain individuals. Methods: Fifty-two healthy individuals without a musculoskeletal system disease were enrolled to the study. Demographic data and medical statuses were recorded. Pain severity by visual analog scale and quality of life by the World Health Organization Quality of Life [WHOQOL BREF-27] assessment were evaluated. The six-minute walking test was used to measure the exercise capacity. Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, leg fatigue and dyspnea were recorded before and after the six-minute walking test. Results: Forty-three percent of the participants [Group 1] had mean pain severity according to the visual analog scale 40.54 ± 2.03, while 56.7% [Group 2] did not have pain. In Group 1, the scores of the physical health, psychological health and social relationships domains of the WHOQOL BREF questionnaire were lower than Group 2 and the difference was statistically significant. While walking distance was similar in both groups, changes before and after the exercise test, dyspnea severity and perceived leg fatigue were found significantly higher in the Group 1 [p < 0.05]. A significant correlation was found between all subgroups of WHOQOL BREF and walking distance [p < 0.05]. Conclusions: Participants reporting mild pain severity have negatively impaired QOL in physical health, psychological health and social relationships, perceived dyspnea severity and leg fatigue during exercise compared with persons without pain. Additionally, QOL impairment was found in relation with pain severity and exercise capacity.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"244 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.826317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69497634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Portable Audio Biofeedback Device in Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Neck and Upper Trapezius Muscles","authors":"Nihan Cüzdan, Ş. Doğan, D. Evcik, S. Ay","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.828148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.828148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a portable audio biofeedback device in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome [MPS]. Methods: Patients referred to the clinic with MPS involving the upper neck and trapezius who were were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 was to use a portable audio biofeedback device for 30 min twice a day in addition to completing a home based exercise program. Group 2 received only the home-based exercise program. The home-based exercise program was comprised of neck isometric-isotonic, back extensor stretching and posture exercises five times a week, performing each exercise once a day with 15 repetitions for 4 weeks. Measurements were taken before and after the treatment. The severity of the pain was measured by visual analog scale. The number of trigger points, pressure pain threshold, cervical joint range of motion and head-shoulder angles were also recorded. Disability was assessed by the Neck Pain Disability Scale. Results: About 90 patients with MPS were recruited and 60 patients [45 females, 15 males, 30 patients per treatment group] completed the study. All parameters were improved in both groups [p < 0.05] except cervical range of motion values [p > 0.05] after the treatment. In Group 1, more improvements were detected in head angles compared to Group 2 and the differences were statistically significant [p = 0.017]. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in head angles, while no significant differences were detected in the visual analog scale, number of trigger points, pressure pain threshold, cervical range of motion, shoulder angle or Neck Pain Disability Scale scores [p > 0.05] after the treatment. Conclusion: Exercise therapy seems to be effective in the treatment of MPS; however, portable audio biofeedback treatment does not provide any additive effect except correcting head angle in the treatment of MPS.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"39 1","pages":"217 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.828148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69499434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relaxation Response Resiliency Enhancement Program in the Management of Chronic Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study","authors":"A. Vranceanu, J. Shaefer, A. Saadi, E. Slawsby, J. Sarin, M. Scult, H. Benson, J. Denninger","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.827289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.827289","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: This is an open-pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a pain-specific version of an established mind–body medicine program, the Relaxation Response [RR] Resiliency Program [R3P], in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder [TMD]. Methods: Male and female with at least a six-month history of pain involving the masticatory muscles were sought in the Orofacial Pain Centers of the Massachusetts General Hospital [MGH] or through an advertisement sent to MGH employees from 2008 to 2010. Eligible participants underwent the R3P intervention [eight group sessions] after standard medical management. Pre- and post-group patients underwent objective measures of impairment [vertical and lateral range of motion with and without pain, temporomandibular joint and muscle pain palpation, and algometer measures] and completed psychosocial measures [Symptom Severity Index, Perceived Stress Scale, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Short Form 36 Health Survey]. Results: Twenty-four subjects [16 females, 90% from MGH Orofacial Pain Centers,10% from among MGH employees], mean age 38 years, met eligibility criteria and participated in the study. The intervention was highly feasible and accepted by patients, as evidenced by a 92% rate of completion. Paired t-test analyses revealed improvement on self-reported pain measures: pain intensity [p < 0.02], pain frequency [p < 0.002], pain duration [p < 0.027], pain tolerability [p < 0.009] and on several objective tests. Conclusions: The pain specific R3P is efficacious in reducing objective and subjective symptoms in patients with chronic refractory TMD. The comprehensive intervention, which combines educational information about pain with RR, cognitive behavioral and resiliency-enhancement skills, is accepted by patients and may be more efficacious than other treatments with fewer elements.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"224 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.827289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69497718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability, Construct Validity and Measurement Potential of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Comprehensive Core Set for Chronic Widespread Pain","authors":"Y. Kurtais, D. Oztuna, A. Genç, Ş. Kutlay, A. Tennant, A. Küçükdeveci","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.827772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.827772","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: To investigate the reliability and construct validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health [ICF] Comprehensive Core Set for Chronic Widespread Pain [CWP] in order to test its possible use as a measuring tool for functioning. Methods: Patient participants with CWP were assessed by the ICF Comprehensive Core Set for CWP, the Short Form-36 Health Survey [SF-36] and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]. The internal construct validity of the “Body Functions” [BF], “Activity” [A], “Participation” [P] and “Environmental Factors” [EF] domains were tested by Rasch analysis; the reliability by internal consistency and the Person Separation Index; and external construct validity by association with the SF-36 and FIQ. Results: One hundred patients with fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] were recruited for this study in Ankara, Turkey. Most were literate in Turkish and were able to complete the SF-36 and FIQ unassisted but some were illiterate, so the instruments were read to them by an investigator. In each scale, items showing disordered thresholds were rescored, testlets were created to overcome local dependency problems, and items mismatched to the Rasch model were deleted. Then the internal construct validity of the BF, A, P and EF scales were good, indicating a single underlying construct for each scale. The scales were free of differential item functioning. Reliabilities of the scales were adequate [Cronbach’s alphas 0.78–0.86, Person Separation Index’s 0.68–0.82]. The BF, A and P showed moderate correlations with the SF-36 and FIQ, whereas the EF scale had statistically significant but weak correlation only with SF-36 Social Functioning. Conclusion: Since the four scales derived from BF, A, P and EF components of the ICF core set for CWP were shown to be reliable and valid through Rasch analysis and classical psychometric methods, these might be used as clinical assessment tools.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"231 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.827772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69499827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Hypoalgesia to a Heat Stimulus is Induced by Eccentric Exercise and is Greater for Red- than Dark-Haired Women","authors":"A. Caravalho, P. O’Connor","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.827288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.827288","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: This study sought to examine the potential delayed effect of eccentric exercise on pain perceptions of heat stimuli presented to red-haired and dark-haired women. Methods: Healthy college-aged women capable of physical exercise were sought for participation in the study. They were to assess pain intensity and unpleasantness of thermal stimuli [at 45, 47 and 49 °C] applied to their forearm and posterior lower leg before and 24 and 48 h after 18 eccentric actions of the non-dominant elbow flexors at an intensity of maximal voluntary concentric contraction strength. Women of similar age and ability served as controls and the exercise for the controls (n=6) was concentric exercise, resulting in little or no muscle injury. Results: Eighteen healthy adult women participated. Twelve [five with bright red hair and five with dark hair] subjects performed eccentric exercise. At 24- and 48-h after the eccentric exercise, the volume of the exercised arm increased by 2.2% [±1.5%] and by 5.0% [±2.2%], arm stiffness increased as evidenced by decreases in elbow range of motion of 8.3% [±6.8%] and 8.3% [±6.8%] and isometric arm strength decreased by 29.6% [±14.6%] and 17.3% [±14.0%], respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that compared to controls, pain intensity and unpleasantness were reduced by about five percent 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise, except for the absence of an effect at 45 °C for unpleasantness. From baseline to 24 h post-exercise, significantly larger reductions in pain intensity [−17.0 versus −4.5%] and pain unpleasantness [−19.0 versus 2.3%] were found for red-haired compared to dark-haired women. Conclusion: Research summarized in this study documents eccentric exercise-induced hypoalgesia 24–48 h post-exercise that was greater in women with red hair, a prevalent phenotype among those with malfunctioning melanocortin-1 receptors.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"250 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.827288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69497704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjunctive Therapy for Myofascial Pain Syndrome","authors":"Dr I. Jon Russell","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.828825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.828825","url":null,"abstract":"The lead article for this issue of the Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain [JMP] comes from investigators in Gaziantep, Turkey (1). The authors proposed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound [10 sessions] versus extracorporeal shock wave therapies [three sessions] in patients with myofascial pain syndrome [MPS] involving the trapezius muscle on at least one side of the body. They made the diagnosis of MPS according to the criteria of Simons and Travell (2). Their approach involved a controlled clinical trial in which 66 selected MPS patients were randomized to one of two treatment groups. Wisely, patients with comorbid fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] were excluded. Evaluations were conducted at 3 weeks and 3 months by an examiner blinded to the randomization code. The patients tolerated both of the therapies and there were no severe complications. Statistically significant improvement was observed. Readers are advised to see the authors’ data to determine whether one of these interventions was favored by the experiment and whether the findings of this experiment will inform future choices of a physical modality for treatment of MPS. The second original contribution in this issue, relating to treatment of MPS, comes from Ankara, Turkey (3). This study was designed to determine whether a form of audio biofeedback would augment the treatment of MPS. They made the diagnosis of MPS according to the criteria of Simons and Travell (2). Patients with comorbid FMS were excluded. The authors recruited 90 patients with MPS involving the upper trapezius muscle on at least one side of the body and randomly assigned them into two intervention groups. Sixty of those patients [30 per intervention group] completed the study. The experimental group was instructed to use a portable audio biofeedback device for 30 min twice a day in addition to complying with a home-based exercise program. The control group received only the home-based exercise program. The home-based exercise program included neck isometric-isotonic exercise, back extensor stretching exercise, and posture exercises which were to be accomplished five times a week for 4 weeks, performing 15 repetitions of each exercise once daily. Outcome measurements were taken before starting therapy and after 4 weeks of therapy. The severity of the patient’s pain was measured by a visual analog scale. The number of trigger points, pressure pain threshold, cervical joint range of motion, and head–shoulder angles were recorded. Disability was assessed by the Neck Pain Disability Scale. Statistically significant improvements were observed in this study, including some differences in outcome between the experimental treatment and control groups. Readers are advised to see the authors’ data to determine whether the magnitude of these differences should prompt clinicians to add audio biofeedback to the exercise protocols they order for MPS patients with the objective of achieving specific outcome benefits. An uncontrolled pilo","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"206 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.828825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69499495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Ultrasound and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapies in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"A. Gur, İ. Koca, Hilal Karagullu, O. Altindag, E. Madenci","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.828824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.828824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of ultrasound [US] and extracorporeal shock wave therapy [ESWT] in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome. Methods: Sixty-six patients with active myofascial trigger points in the trapezius muscle were randomized into treatment groups with US and three sessions of ESWT. Efficacy of the therapies were evaluated prior to therapy at 3 weeks and at 3 months of therapy using the Patient Global Assessment and Physician’s Global Assessment scales, Neck Pain and Disability Scale, Nottingham Health Profile, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Results: No severe complications were encountered with US and ESWT, and patients tolerated the therapies well overall. Statistically significant improvement was determined in the number of trigger points, pain, quality of life, and anxiety scores in post-therapy evaluations [p < 0.01]. Efficacy of therapies in inter-group comparison was evaluated in terms of improvement in the same scores, and the ESWT group had greater improvement when the anxiety scores were excluded [p < 0.05]. Conclusion: Our results indicated that both US and ESWT were effective and safe treatment modalities in myofascial pain syndrome. Three sessions of low dosage ESWT was more effective compared to US therapy that could be used as an effective and safe modality in the treatment protocols of myofascial pain syndrome.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"210 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.828824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69499446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, Self-Efficacy, Health Status, and Health Care Costs: A Comparison of Men with Fibromyalgia or Osteoarthritis","authors":"Maya S Santoro, T. Cronan","doi":"10.3109/10582452.2013.795639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10582452.2013.795639","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: To compare men who were diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] to those with osteoarthritis [OA] on psychological well-being, health status, and health care costs. Methods: Twenty-six men with FMS and 130 men with OA completed a battery of measures that assessed depression, self-efficacy over their condition, and health status. Demographic information was also recorded. Health care use data were collected from patient medical records for the year prior to the baseline assessment. Results: The results indicated that despite being significantly younger, men with FMS experienced lower quality of well-being, lower self-efficacy, and higher depression than men with OA. However, there were no significant differences in overall health care costs. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there are identifiable differences among men with FMS and OA that should be considered in the design of interventions and treatment options. The findings from the present study replicate those found among women with FMS when compared with women who have OA. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these differences.","PeriodicalId":50121,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain","volume":"21 1","pages":"126 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10582452.2013.795639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69496285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}