arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics最新文献_第8页

What trade-off for astronomy between greenhouse gas emissions and the societal benefits? A sociological approach 天文学在温室气体排放和社会效益之间如何权衡？社会学方法

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: arxiv-2409.04138

P. Hennebelle, M. Barsuglia, F. Billebaud, M. Bouffard, N. Champollion, M. Grybos, H. Meheut, M. Parmentier, P. Petitjean

{"title":"What trade-off for astronomy between greenhouse gas emissions and the societal benefits? A sociological approach","authors":"P. Hennebelle, M. Barsuglia, F. Billebaud, M. Bouffard, N. Champollion, M. Grybos, H. Meheut, M. Parmentier, P. Petitjean","doi":"arxiv-2409.04138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04138","url":null,"abstract":"The threat posed to humanity by global warming has led scientists to question\u0000the nature of their activities and the need to reduce the greenhouse gas\u0000emissions from research. Until now, most studies have aimed at quantifying the\u0000carbon footprints and relatively less works have addressed the ways GHG\u0000emissions can be significantly reduced. A factor two reduction by 2030 implies\u0000to think beyond increases in the efficacy of current processes, which will have\u0000a limited effect, and beyond wishful thinking about large new sources of\u0000energy. Hence, choices among research questions or allocated means within a\u0000given field will be needed. They can be made in light of the perceived societal\u0000utility of research activities. Here, we addressed the question of how\u0000scientists perceive the impact of GHG reduction on their discipline and a\u0000possible trade-off between the societal utility of their discipline and an\u0000acceptable level of GHG emissions. We conducted 28 semi-directive interviews of\u0000French astrophysicists from different laboratories. Our most important findings\u0000are that, for most researchers, astronomy is considered to have a positive\u0000societal impact mainly regarding education but also because of the fascination\u0000it exerts on at least a fraction of the general public. Technological\u0000applications are also mentioned but with relatively less emphasis. The\u0000reduction of GHG emissions is believed to be necessary and most often\u0000reductions within the private-sphere have been achieved. However, the question\u0000of community-wide reductions in astrophysics research, and in particular the\u0000possible reductions of large facilities reveals much more contrasted opinions.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DeepTTV: Deep Learning Prediction of Hidden Exoplanet From Transit Timing Variations DeepTTV：根据凌日时间变化对隐藏系外行星进行深度学习预测

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: arxiv-2409.04557

Chen Chen, Lingkai Kong, Gongjie Li, Molei Tao

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction methods for the phase-shifted Zernike wavefront sensor 相移 Zernike 波前传感器的重建方法

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: arxiv-2409.04547

Vincent Chambouleyron, Mahawa Cissé, Maïssa Salama, Sebastiaan Haffert, Vincent Déo, Charlotte Guthery, J. Kent Wallace, Daren Dillon, Rebecca Jensen-Clem, Phil Hinz, Bruce Macintosh

{"title":"Reconstruction methods for the phase-shifted Zernike wavefront sensor","authors":"Vincent Chambouleyron, Mahawa Cissé, Maïssa Salama, Sebastiaan Haffert, Vincent Déo, Charlotte Guthery, J. Kent Wallace, Daren Dillon, Rebecca Jensen-Clem, Phil Hinz, Bruce Macintosh","doi":"arxiv-2409.04547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04547","url":null,"abstract":"The Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) stands out as one of the most sensitive\u0000optical systems for measuring the phase of an incoming wavefront, reaching\u0000photon efficiencies close to the fundamental limit. This quality, combined with\u0000the fact that it can easily measure phase discontinuities, has led to its\u0000widespread adoption in various wavefront control applications, both on the\u0000ground but also for future space-based instruments. Despite its advantages, the\u0000ZWFS faces a significant challenge due to its extremely limited dynamic range,\u0000making it particularly challenging for ground-based operations. To address this\u0000limitation, one approach is to use the ZWFS after a general adaptive optics\u0000(AO) system; however, even in this scenario, the dynamic range remains a\u0000concern. This paper investigates two optical configurations of the ZWFS: the\u0000conventional setup and its phase-shifted counterpart, which generates two\u0000distinct images of the telescope pupil. We assess the performance of various\u0000reconstruction techniques for both configurations, spanning from traditional\u0000linear reconstructors to gradient-descent-based methods. The evaluation\u0000encompasses simulations and experimental tests conducted on the Santa cruz\u0000Extreme Adaptive optics Lab (SEAL) bench at UCSC. Our findings demonstrate that\u0000certain innovative reconstruction techniques introduced in this study\u0000significantly enhance the dynamic range of the ZWFS, particularly when\u0000utilizing the phase-shifted version.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The carbon footprint of astronomical observatories 天文观测台的碳足迹

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: arxiv-2409.04054

Jürgen Knödlseder

引用次数: 0

Alignment of three mirror anastigmat telescopes using a multilayered stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm 使用多层随机并行梯度下降算法校准三面镜定焦距望远镜

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: arxiv-2409.04640

Solvay Blomquist, Heejoo Choi, Hyukmo Kang, Kevin Derby, Pierre Nicolas, Ewan S. Douglas, Daewook Kim

{"title":"Alignment of three mirror anastigmat telescopes using a multilayered stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm","authors":"Solvay Blomquist, Heejoo Choi, Hyukmo Kang, Kevin Derby, Pierre Nicolas, Ewan S. Douglas, Daewook Kim","doi":"arxiv-2409.04640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04640","url":null,"abstract":"When a telescope doesn't reach a reasonable point spread function on the\u0000detector or detectable wavefront quality after initial assembly, a coarse phase\u0000alignment on-sky is crucial. Before utilizing a closed loop adaptive optics\u0000system, the observatory needs a strategy to actively align the telescope\u0000sufficiently for fine wavefront sensing. This paper presents a method of\u0000early-stage alignment using a stochastic parallel-gradient-descent (SPGD)\u0000algorithm which performs random perturbations to the optics of a three mirror\u0000anastigmat telescope design. The SPGD algorithm will drive the telescope until\u0000the wavefront error is below the acceptable range of the fine adaptive optics\u0000system to hand the telescope over. The focused spot size over the field of view\u0000is adopted as a feed parameter to the SPGD algorithm and wavefront\u0000peak-to-valley error values are monitored to directly compare our mechanical\u0000capabilities to our alignment goal of diffraction limited imaging and fine\u0000wavefront sensing.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ensemble noise properties of the European Pulsar Timing Array 欧洲脉冲星定时阵列的集合噪声特性

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: arxiv-2409.03661

Boris Goncharov, Shubhit Sardana

引用次数: 0

Strengthening leverage of Astroinformatics in inter-disciplinary Science 加强天体信息学在跨学科科学中的杠杆作用

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: arxiv-2409.03425

Massimo Brescia, Giuseppe Angora

引用次数: 0

Panopticon: a novel deep learning model to detect single transit events with no prior data filtering in PLATO light curves Panopticon：一种新颖的深度学习模型，无需事先过滤 PLATO 光曲线中的数据，即可检测单次过境事件

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: arxiv-2409.03466

H. G. Vivien, M. Deleuil, N. Jannsen, J. De Ridder, D. Seynaeve, M. -A. Carpine, Y. Zerah

{"title":"Panopticon: a novel deep learning model to detect single transit events with no prior data filtering in PLATO light curves","authors":"H. G. Vivien, M. Deleuil, N. Jannsen, J. De Ridder, D. Seynaeve, M. -A. Carpine, Y. Zerah","doi":"arxiv-2409.03466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03466","url":null,"abstract":"To prepare for the analyses of the future PLATO light curves, we develop a\u0000deep learning model, Panopticon, to detect transits in high precision\u0000photometric light curves. Since PLATO's main objective is the detection of\u0000temperate Earth-size planets around solar-type stars, the code is designed to\u0000detect individual transit events. The filtering step, required by conventional\u0000detection methods, can affect the transit, which could be an issue for long and\u0000shallow transits. To protect transit shape and depth, the code is also designed\u0000to work on unfiltered light curves. We trained the model on a set of simulated\u0000PLATO light curves in which we injected, at pixel level, either planetary,\u0000eclipsing binary, or background eclipsing binary signals. We also include a\u0000variety of noises in our data, such as granulation, stellar spots or cosmic\u0000rays. The approach is able to recover 90% of our test population, including\u0000more than 25% of the Earth-analogs, even in the unfiltered light curves. The\u0000model also recovers the transits irrespective of the orbital period, and is\u0000able to retrieve transits on a unique event basis. These figures are obtained\u0000when accepting a false alarm rate of 1%. When keeping the false alarm rate low\u0000(<0.01%), it is still able to recover more than 85% of the transit signals. Any\u0000transit deeper than 180ppm is essentially guaranteed to be recovered. This\u0000method is able to recover transits on a unique event basis, and does so with a\u0000low false alarm rate. Thanks to light curves being one-dimensional, model\u0000training is fast, on the order of a few hours per model. This speed in training\u0000and inference, coupled to the recovery effectiveness and precision of the model\u0000make it an ideal tool to complement, or be used ahead of, classical approaches.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategy for mitigation of systematics for EoR experiments with the Murchison Widefield Array 利用默奇森宽视场阵列减轻 EoR 实验系统性的战略

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: arxiv-2409.03232

Chuneeta D. Nunhokee, Dev Null, Cathryn M. Trott, Christopher H. Jordan, Jack B. Line, Randall Wayth, Nichole Barry

{"title":"Strategy for mitigation of systematics for EoR experiments with the Murchison Widefield Array","authors":"Chuneeta D. Nunhokee, Dev Null, Cathryn M. Trott, Christopher H. Jordan, Jack B. Line, Randall Wayth, Nichole Barry","doi":"arxiv-2409.03232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03232","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of the 21 cm signal face significant challenges due to bright\u0000astrophysical foregrounds that are several orders of magnitude higher than the\u0000brightness of the hydrogen line, along with various systematics. Successful 21\u0000cm experiments require accurate calibration and foreground mitigation. Errors\u0000introduced during the calibration process such as systematics, can disrupt the\u0000intrinsic frequency smoothness of the foregrounds, leading to power leakage\u0000into the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) window. Therefore, it is essential to\u0000develop strategies to effectively address these challenges. In this work, we\u0000adopt a stringent approach to identify and address suspected systematics,\u0000including malfunctioning antennas, frequency channels corrupted by radio\u0000frequency interference (RFI), and other dominant effects. We implement a\u0000statistical framework that utilises various data products from the data\u0000processing pipeline to derive specific criteria and filters. These criteria and\u0000filters are applied at intermediate stages to mitigate systematic propagation\u0000from the early stages of data processing. Our analysis focuses on observations\u0000from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Phase I configuration. Out of the\u0000observations processed by the pipeline, our approach selects 18%, totalling 58\u0000hours, that exhibit fewer systematic effects. The successful selection of\u0000observations with reduced systematic dominance enhances our confidence in\u0000achieving 21 cm measurements.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STAR NRE: Solving supernova selection effects with set-based truncated auto-regressive neural ratio estimation STAR NRE：利用基于集合的截断自回归神经比率估算法解决超新星选择效应问题

arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: arxiv-2409.03837

Konstantin Karchev, Roberto Trotta

{"title":"STAR NRE: Solving supernova selection effects with set-based truncated auto-regressive neural ratio estimation","authors":"Konstantin Karchev, Roberto Trotta","doi":"arxiv-2409.03837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03837","url":null,"abstract":"Accounting for selection effects in supernova type Ia (SN Ia) cosmology is\u0000crucial for unbiased cosmological parameter inference -- even more so for the\u0000next generation of large, mostly photometric-only surveys. The conventional\u0000\"bias correction\" procedure has a built-in systematic bias towards the fiducial\u0000model used to derive it and fails to account for the additional Eddington bias\u0000that arises in the presence of significant redshift uncertainty. On the other\u0000hand, Bayesian hierarchical models scale poorly with the data set size and\u0000require explicit assumptions for the selection function that may be inaccurate\u0000or contrived. To address these limitations, we introduce STAR NRE, a\u0000simulation-based approach that makes use of a conditioned deep set neural\u0000network and combines efficient high-dimensional global inference with\u0000subsampling-based truncation in order to scale to very large survey sizes while\u0000training on sets with varying cardinality. Applying it to a simplified SN Ia\u0000model consisting of standardised brightnesses and redshifts with Gaussian\u0000uncertainties and a selection procedure based on the expected LSST sensitivity,\u0000we demonstrate precise and unbiased inference of cosmological parameters and\u0000the redshift evolution of the volumetric SN Ia rate from ~100 000 mock SNae Ia.\u0000Our inference procedure can incorporate arbitrarily complex selection criteria,\u0000including transient classification, in the forward simulator and be applied to\u0000complex data like light curves. We outline these and other steps aimed at\u0000integrating STAR NRE into an end-to-end simulation-based pipeline for the\u0000analysis of future photometric-only SN Ia data.","PeriodicalId":501163,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0