The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study between different types of intermediate osteotomies in twisted nose deformity management: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Mohamed A. E. Sabaa, Mahmoud S. Elfouly, Amr M. Elemam","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00622-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00622-4","url":null,"abstract":"The nasal dorsum plays an important role in defining the facial harmony. Osteotomy techniques in rhinoplasty surgery are challenging, as in many cases they require visionless tissue manipulation to achieve an aesthetic facial symmetry. This research elucidates the aesthetic outcome of the different types of intermediate osteotomies for correction of twisted nose deformity. This study was randomized controlled trial on 20 selected patients, divided randomly into 2 groups: group A included 10 patients who underwent routine vertical intermediate nasal osteotomies, while group B involved 10 patients subjected to transverse intermediate nasal osteotomies. Patients were assessed aesthetically both by the surgeon and a layperson based on pre and postoperative VAS scale and frontal view photography. Comparing pre and postoperative VAS showed statistically significant improvement with median score improvement from 8 pre to 1–2 post which is 80% improvement with P value of 0.004 for surgeon and 0.004 for layperson. Comparing the postoperative VAS for both groups showed statistically insignificant difference with P value of 0.106 for surgeon and 0.218 for lay person. Twisted nose deformity is one of the challenging cases in rhinoplasty. Both types of intermediate osteotomies have shown significant improvement in postoperative dorsal aesthetic view. There was no statistically significant difference between either group; yet, more improvement was noted in the transverse type.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D profile in autism spectrum disorder children and its relation to the disease severity","authors":"Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00616-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00616-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To the Editor,</p><p>In their distinguished study, Mansour et al. [1] found that among Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the prevalence of vitamin D (VD) insufficiency, VD deficiency, and VD sufficiency (normal serum VD levels) were 63.8%, 28.8%, and 7.4% respectively. Moreover, no association was noted between serum VD levels and childhood autism rating scale scores, language age, and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition severity levels. As a result, they concluded that VD deficiency might contribute to ASD occurrence in genetically vulnerable children and VD therapy might be beneficial as an adjuvant treatment modality [1]. It is important to notice that accurate evaluation of the VD profile in the pediatric population to optimize bone health demands using VD reference intervals (VDRI) [2]. In many parts of the world, pediatric VDRI is characterized according to the American academy of pediatrics /LWEPS’s recommendations into the following groups for use in clinical settings and research: normal (20-100 ng/mL)<u>,</u> insufficiency (15-20 ng/mL), deficiency (5-15 ng/mL), and severe deficiency (&lt;5 ng/mL) [3]. In the study methodology, Mansour et al. [1] stated that they referred to the VDRI launched by Holick, which is primarily designed for the adult population [4]. The employed VDRI were the following: hazardous levels (&gt;100 ng/ml), normal levels (30-100 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-29 ng/ml), and deficiency (&lt;20 ng/ml) [4]. Indeed, there are significant differences between pediatric [3] and adult VDRI [4] to characterize VD profile. As a result, referring Mansour et al. [1] to adult VDRI rather than pediatric one in their study could call their findings into question.</p><p>Not applicable.</p><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Mansour A, Amer A, Sobh A, Zaki M, Abou-Elsaad T (2024) Vitamin D profile in autism spectrum disorder children and its relation to the disease severity. Egypt J Otolaryngol 40:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00573-w</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li><li data-counter=\"2.\"><p>Antonucci R, Locci C, Clemente MG, Chicconi E, Antonucci L (2018) Vitamin D deficiency in childhood: old lessons and current challenges. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 31(3):247–260. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0391</p><p>Article PubMed Google Scholar </p></li><li data-counter=\"3.\"><p>Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryk A, Collett-Solberg PF, Kappy M (2008) Drug and therapeutics committee of the lawson wilkins pediatric endocrine society (2008) vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics 122(2):398–417. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1894</p><p>Article PubMed Google Scholar </p></li><li data-counter=\"4.\"><p>Holick MF (2017) The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 18(2):153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-01","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of auditory processing abilities and employment in young women","authors":"Yoshita Sharma, Nisha K.V.","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00611-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00611-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the relationship between employment status and auditory processing abilities in women, considering the cognitive impact of work-related demands. The objective was to study the influence of employment on forward -, backward -, operation span, 2n back, and speech perception in noise (SPIN) scores. Fifty-eight women aged 20 to 64 years were categorized into working and non-working groups. Auditory cognitive assessments included forward and backward digit span, auditory 2n-back, operational span, and speech perception in noise. Mental workload, listening effort, and fatigue levels were evaluated for each test using standardized scales. Handedness was assessed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Statistical analysis involved Mann–Whitney tests and effect size calculations. Working women scored significantly higher in 2n-back task compared to non-working counterparts, emphasizing the positive impact of employment on working memory and cognitive control processes. The working women group perceptually rated greater mental load on the operational span task than non-working group, indicating the task-specific manifestation of group differences. When the tasks are easier (2n back) or difficult (operation span), employed women exhibited an advantage in auditory processing over their counterparts. This study reveals nuanced cognitive differences influenced by employment status in women. Working women demonstrated superior auditory processing abilities, specifically in working memory tasks, suggesting potential cognitive benefits associated with engagement in the workforce. The elevated mental workload for dual task working memory paradigms underscores the complexity of simultaneous processing and storage, highlighting cognitive challenges in specific occupational contexts.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of olfactory and gustatory functions in COVID-19 patients","authors":"Essam A. Behairy, Yaser A. Khalil, Ahmed A. Hamza, Ahmad M. Hamdan","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00613-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00613-5","url":null,"abstract":"Olfactory and gustatory disorders are common problems encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic with a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life: The aim of this study was to assess the olfactory and gustatory functions in COVID-19 patients with correlation between them and clinical and laboratory markers. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 63 subjects recruited from the COVID-19 clinics at Police Authority and Menoufia University hospitals. The patients were assessed using history taking, anterior rhinoscopy, endoscopic examination, computed tomography, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Olfactory functions were assessed using the alcohol threshold test. Gustatory functions were assessed using the three-drop method. The olfactory and gustatory functions were correlated with age, gender, and laboratory parameters. Also, the recovery of smell and taste disorders was correlated with our assessed laboratory markers. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among study participants was 41 patients (65%) of the participants including 12 patients (19.1%) having mild hyposmia, 10 patients (15.8%) having moderate hyposmia, 9 patients (14.3%) having severe hyposmia, and 10 patients (15.8%) having complete anosmia. The prevalence of gustatory dysfunction among study participants was 24 patients (38.1%). Age, gender, and laboratory parameters did not show any statistically significant difference between those who experienced olfactory dysfunction or gustatory dysfunction and those who did not. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the total leucocytic count, serum level of CRP, and serum level of D-dimer and the degree of olfactory dysfunction (0.049, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively). There was a nonsignificant correlation between recovery of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and laboratory markers. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are established clinical presentations among COVID-19-positive patients. The laboratory markers had no correlation with the incidence of these dysfunctions or their recovery. However, TLC, serum CRP, and serum D-dimer had a significant positive correlation with the severity of olfactory dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidities and final outcome of post COVID-19 associated oral mucormycosis patients: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Dalia Ghalwash, Asmaa Abou-Bakr, Radwa R. Hussein, Ayman A. El-Gawish","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00614-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00614-4","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is an invasive and possibly fatal fungal infection that frequently affects the mouth. Co-infection in post COVID-19 patients is an emerging concern, owing to their complex nature and higher mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to report the underlying risk factors, clinical characteristics, presentation, and final outcome of COVID-19 associated oral mucormycosis cases. This study included 51 patients with oral mucormycosis 28 (55%) males and 23 (45%) females. Twenty-three patients (45%) presented with deep necrotic ulcer, 16 patients (31%) presented with superficial ulcer, and 12 patients (23%) of them presented with fistula. The overall survival rate was 51% (26 patients recovered). On the other hand, mortality rate was 49% (25 patients), of which 68% suffered from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis cases with oral manifestations was found to be quite high mostly due to delayed diagnosis and lack of timely treatment. Thus, increasing the awareness of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons is crucial for the early diagnosis of oral mucormycosis which is vital to improve prognosis of this serious infection. This is of high importance in view of the escalating numbers of mucormycosis cases being recorded worldwide.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cortical evoked potential (P300) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in post-COVID-19 patients","authors":"Mona Mohamed Hamdy, Noha Ali Hosny, Reham Gamal Farag, Zahraa Mohamed Yousry Elbohy","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00612-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00612-6","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on many aspects of human health. There has been a major influence on cognitive capacities, including memory, attention, and cognitive skills for planning, organizing, and solving problems. Furthermore, it appears that the effects of COVID-19 may also impact the auditory system. To determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on both hearing and cognitive. Eighty participants, ranging in age from 20 to 59, will be evaluated for their auditory and cognitive abilities using the following methods: ABR using a click stimulus presented at 90 dBnHL at a rate of 21.1 c/s, followed by a rate of 71.1 c/s; cortical auditory evoked potential (P300) using a tone burst stimulus (50 ms) that will produce an oddball paradigm; measurements of the waveforms’ amplitude and latency will be made. ABR recording for both ears showed significant difference between cases and controls as regarding absolute latencies of wave I, III, V, wave V (high rate), amplitude (low and high rates), amplitude ratio, and interaural latency differences (III, I-III, I-V), while P300 outcomes showed a statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding P300 latency (p < 0.05), while for amplitude, a highly significant difference was found. COVID-19 can harm both the inner ear and the auditory pathway, and it has long-lasting effects on the auditory system and on cognitive processing and attention.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic transcanal underlay myringoplasty using a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane","authors":"Mostafa Hammouda, Mohamed Hassan Heiba, Hazem Othman Ibrahim, Mina Safwat Sourial","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00615-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00615-3","url":null,"abstract":"Tympanic membrane perforations are among the most common indications for otological surgery. Surgeons from all around the world have made accidental and intentional contributions to find the perfect graft material and the best approach to perform tympanoplasty. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) use in myringoplasty has been popular in the last decade among many surgeons. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using PRF only as a graft material in myringoplasty. We conducted a prospective study including 20 patients with dry central tympanic membrane perforations. The patients underwent endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty using a platelet-rich fibrin membrane by underlay technique. Follow-up was done 3 months postoperatively regarding graft uptake and hearing outcome by audiological assessment using pure tone audiometry. Sixty percent of patients were surgically successful with complete healing of the tympanic membrane, 10% were partially successful with partial healing of the tympanic membrane, and 30% failed with complete loss of graft. The mean air-bone gap closure was 3.5 dB. No major complications were reported. Endoscopic myringoplasty using platelet-rich fibrin alone can be performed in cases with tympanic membrane perforations as an alternative to using other autologous grafts. It is a new reliable method for myringoplasty, as well as being an easy, time-saving procedure that avoids the need for any skin incision.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of audiovestibular functions in patients with posterior circulation cerebrovascular stroke","authors":"Rabab Ahmed Koura, Mohamed Mohamed El-Badry, Mona Hussein, Faten Mohamed Ali, Manar Abdelrahman Ahmed Radwan, Ragaey Youssef","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00609-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00609-1","url":null,"abstract":"It has been found that 25% of posterior circulation stroke patients experience vertigo. Sudden hearing loss due to a vascular source is typically caused by infarction in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. However, it is uncommon in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarction. The objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the function of the auditory and vestibular system in patients with posterior circulation cerebrovascular stroke. Fifty patients with posterior circulation stroke, diagnosed by MRI at least 3 months after onset, were included. The controls consisted of fifty healthy people. The average age in cases was 58.68 ± 8.60 years, while in controls, it was 55.44 ± 11.72. The Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to conduct clinical assessments. All study groups were investigated using pure tone audiometry, auditory brain stem-evoked potential (ABR), videonystagmography (VNG), and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). MRI findings revealed that pontine infarction was the most frequent lesion in 36 (72%) patients. The latencies of ABR waves I, III, V, 1–III, I–V, and III–V were all considerably longer in cases than controls. Cervical VEMP P1 latency was considerably delayed in cases compared to controls, as the amplitude was lower. VNG data found abnormalities in all test parameters, indicating central disease. Posterior circulation stroke causes acute sensorineural hearing loss with varying degrees. Videonystagmography is an accurate assessment of oculomotor function that can be combined with vestibular-evoked myogenic potential to objectively assess posterior circulation stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central auditory functions in post-COVID-19 adults; a case control study","authors":"Sara Hamdy Hewala, Enaas Ahmad Kolkaila, Afaf Ahmed Emara, Nashwa Nada","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00608-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00608-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the central auditory abilities in post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adults by using Central Auditory Tests (CATs). This study included a complaining group (GI), a non-complaining group (GII), and a control healthy group (GIII). All subjects were evaluated using CATs Results demonstrated statistically significant differences across groups as regards Speech Perception in Noise Test (SPIN), Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPT), Gap in Noise Test (GIN), and Memory Test (ANOVA, p-value ≤ 0.05). The post-hoc test revealed that, except for recognition memory, both study groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group. Also, significant differences were detected between both GI and GII groups regarding SPIN−10 signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), DPT, GIN threshold, memory for content, and memory for sequence COVID-19 led to central auditory processing disorders (c)APD.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroboscopy and acoustic analysis of voice following endotracheal intubation in otological surgeries","authors":"Gowthame K., Prasanna Kumar S., John Samuel","doi":"10.1186/s43163-024-00604-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-024-00604-6","url":null,"abstract":"Stroboscopy is an endoscopy that is performed with intermittent light at a frequency that approximates the frequency of a moving object so that it appears in slow motion or motionless. It is used to analyze the structure and motion of the vocal fold. To compare the stroboscopic findings of various vocal parameters such as symmetry, amplitude, periodicity, mucosal wave of vocal folds, and glottis closure before and after elective endotracheal intubation and to compare acoustic analysis of voice using fundamental frequency, intensity, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index in patients before and after elective intubation, who were undergoing otological surgeries. It also assesses the correlation between changes in these vocal and acoustic parameters and the size of the endotracheal tube, duration of intubation, and number of attempts made during intubation. This study creates awareness and provides insights to avoid intubation-related vocal fold injury. This was a prospective cohort study involving 31 patients done in a Tertiary Care Centre. All patients who underwent otological surgeries by elective endotracheal intubation were included. All of them underwent stroboscopic and acoustic evaluation preoperatively, 24 h, and 7 days postoperatively. Statistically significant changes in mucosal wave pattern score were observed in the 1st postoperative day that reverted to normal by the end of 7th postoperative day and in GRBAS which was significant at the end of both 1st and 7th POD. Other parameters like fundamental frequency, intensity, DSI, MPT, amplitude, symmetry, periodicity, and glottis closure remain unaltered. There was a moderate positive correlation between the duration of intubation (minutes) and mucosal wave 1st POD (P-value: 0.003). The majority of the patients (61%) had normal laryngeal structures. A total of 39% had evidence of injury, the most common being right vocal fold hemorrhage improved by the end of 7th postoperative day and became normal.","PeriodicalId":501131,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}