Journal of Process Control最新文献

{"title":"On the update of algebraic states during state estimation of differential–algebraic equation (DAE) systems","authors":"Swapnil S. Bhase ,&nbsp;Mani Bhushan ,&nbsp;Sachin Kadu ,&nbsp;Sulekha Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript presents a discussion on the algebraic state update step performed during recursive filtering of the differential–algebraic equation (DAE) systems. Existing DAE state estimation approaches follow a two-step state update procedure at each sampling instant. In particular, they first estimate the differential states using the Kalman update, and then update algebraic states by explicitly solving the algebraic equations. Specifically, for the case of DAE systems involving linear algebraic equations though the differential equations are nonlinear, we show that when appropriately initialized, this two-step state update procedure is not needed. It can instead be replaced with a one-step state update procedure that computes the differential and algebraic state estimates simultaneously through the Kalman update. The satisfaction of algebraic equations is guaranteed by this one-step update without it being explicitly enforced. Towards this end, we show that the error covariance matrix of augmented states, when properly initialized, satisfies a null-space property after prediction and update step at each sampling instant. This property ensures that the state estimates obtained using the proposed one-step update approach, satisfy the algebraic equations. This holds for both analytical linearization based extended Kalman filtering and statistical linearization based sigma-point filtering approaches. We also propose a heuristic-based update procedure for state estimation of DAE systems that involve nonlinear algebraic equations. This procedure draws out inferences from the case of DAE systems involving linear algebraic equations and is based on the analysis of algebraic equations residuals obtained from the updated differential and algebraic state estimates with a one-step state update. The efficacy of the proposed state update procedures is demonstrated by performing simulation studies on a benchmark drum boiler system case study. Results demonstrate that the proposed update procedures satisfactorily estimate the differential and algebraic states of a DAE system when compared to the traditional two-step update procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iterative learning robust optimization - with application to medium optimization of CHO cell cultivation in continuous monoclonal antibody production","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Mirko Pasquini ,&nbsp;Véronique Chotteau ,&nbsp;Håkan Hjalmarsson ,&nbsp;Elling W. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the presence of uncertainty, the optimum obtained based on a nominal identified model can neither provide any performance guarantee nor ensure that critical constraints are satisfied, which is crucial for e.g., bioprocess applications characterized by a high degree of complexity combined with costly experiments. Hence, uncertainty should be considered in the optimization and, furthermore, experiments designed to reduce the uncertainty most important for optimization. Herein, we propose a general framework that combines model-based robust optimization with optimal experiment design. The proposed framework can take advantage of prior knowledge in the form of a mechanistic model structure, and the importance of this is demonstrated by comparing it to more standard black-box models typically employed in learning. Through optimal experiment design, we repeatedly reduce the uncertainty most relevant for optimization so as to maximize the potential for improving the worst-case performance by balancing between exploration and exploitation. This makes the proposed method an efficient model-based robust optimization framework, especially in cases with limited experimental resources. The main part of the paper focuses on the case with modeling uncertainty that can be reduced with the availability of more experimental data. Towards the end of the paper, we consider extending the method to also include inherent uncertainty, such as input uncertainty and unmeasured disturbances. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated through a realistic simulation case study of medium optimization of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultivation in continuous monoclonal antibody production, where the metabolic network consists of 23 extracellular metabolites and 126 reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959152424000362/pdfft?md5=b6cb3ace2a2cc00cf19f27c14d2918ee&pid=1-s2.0-S0959152424000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic compensation of the threading speed drop in rolling processes","authors":"Johannes Reinhard ,&nbsp;Klaus Löhe ,&nbsp;Niklas Petrasch ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kallabis ,&nbsp;Knut Graichen","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an approach for the dynamic speed drop compensation during threading in rolling processes. The feedforward control design exploits the differential flatness of the mechanical model and accelerates both the rolls and the drive train in a manner such that the acceleration torque is equal to the rolling torque during threading, while simultaneously maintaining the roll at the desired target speed. Ideally, this prevents the speed drop and enhances the quality and stability of the rolling process. The flatness-based feedforward trajectories are optimized in an online fashion to determine the optimal initial roll speed and duration of the acceleration process. An extensive experimental validation on a hot strip finishing mill shows superior performance in terms of various key performance indicators in comparison with a standard overspeed approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven system for intelligent monitoring and optimization of froth flotation circuits using Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms","authors":"Oussama Hasidi ,&nbsp;El Hassan Abdelwahed ,&nbsp;Moulay Abdellah El Alaoui-Chrifi ,&nbsp;Rachida Chahid ,&nbsp;Aimad Qazdar ,&nbsp;Sara Qassimi ,&nbsp;Fatima Zahra Zaizi ,&nbsp;François Bourzeix ,&nbsp;Intissar Benzakour ,&nbsp;Ahmed Bendaouia","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In minerals processing, the froth flotation is one of the widely used process that separates valuable mineral components from their associated gangue materials. The efficiency of this process relies on several factors, such as feed characteristics, particle size, pulp flow rate, pH, conditioning time, aeration, reagents system and many other affecting parameters. These processing parameters significantly impact the overall performance of the flotation process and influence the quality of the final concentrate. For instance, improper pulp flow and reagent dosing systems can result in metal loss and waste, particularly when dealing with frequently changing ore compositions. In this work, we established an Artificial Intelligence-based system which goal is to intelligently monitor flotation circuits and to recommend set-points for the process’s manipulated variables in order to achieve optimal performance.</p><p>The system has been developed and evaluated within an industrial flotation plant that processes complex Pb-Cu-Zn sulfide ores. Leveraging an Artificial Neural Network-based Mixture of Experts (MoEs) predictive model, the system accurately estimates the mineral grades in the final concentrate and tailing of the flotation circuit. Moreover, using a Genetic Algorithms-based optimization pipeline, the system recommends set-points for the manipulated variables of the process for a maximum recovery and optimal product quality.</p><p>The industrial validation of the predictive component demonstrated a 94% accuracy with a rapid 3s response time. Furthermore, the hypothetical simulation of the optimization component indicated a potential 5% increase in circuit recovery and a 4% increase of lead (Pb) grade in the circuit’s final concentrate. This developed system aims to enhance the control of froth flotation process, stabilize the product quality, and improve the overall economic benefits of production efficiency. This research contributes to the field of manufacturing systems by providing practical data-driven application for the advanced monitoring, optimization and control of industrial processes with a specific emphasis on the froth flotation process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized control using selectors for optimal steady-state operation with changing active constraints","authors":"Lucas Ferreira Bernardino,&nbsp;Sigurd Skogestad","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the optimal steady-state operation of processes where the active constraints change. The aim of this work is to eliminate or reduce the need for a real-time optimization layer, moving the optimization into the control layer by switching between appropriately selected controlled variables (CVs) in a simple way. The challenge is that the best CVs, or more precisely the reduced cost gradients associated with the unconstrained degrees of freedom, change with the active constraints. This work proposes a framework based on decentralized control that operates optimally in all active constraint regions, with region switching mediated by selectors. A key point is that the nullspace associated with the unconstrained cost gradient needs to be selected in accordance with the constraint directions so that selectors can be used. A main benefit is that the number of SISO controllers that need to be designed is only equal to the number of process inputs plus constraints. The main assumptions are that the unconstrained cost gradient is available online and that the number of constraints does not exceed the number of process inputs. The optimality and ease of implementation are illustrated in a simulated toy example with linear constraints and a quadratic cost function. In addition, the proposed framework is successfully applied to the nonlinear Williams–Otto reactor case study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959152424000349/pdfft?md5=310df9c124b3595ad691d9bd3b5f0843&pid=1-s2.0-S0959152424000349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of cascaded series dead-time processes with ideal achievable disturbance attenuation using a predictors-based structure","authors":"Bismark C. Torrico ,&nbsp;Juliana S. Barros ,&nbsp;Felipe J.S. Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Fabrício G. Nogueira ,&nbsp;Julio E. Normey-Rico","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a cascade series control structure and design for two series processes represented by first-order plus dead-time FOPDT models. The proposed controller uses two series predictors, one for each process, and can deal with stable, unstable, or integrative processes. The design follows similar principles of the simplified filtered Smith Predictor (SFSP) for a single-loop dead-time system. Initially, the primary controller, composed of a set-point static gain and two feedback controllers, is tuned to achieve the desired set-point tracking. Then, the predictor filters are tuned to ensure stability, robustness, and disturbance attenuation. Different from standard cascaded SFSP, one of the feedback controllers, instead of only a static gain, includes a finite time integral. The main advantage of this approach is that disturbances generated in the primary or secondary process can be handled independently by the predictor filters, simplifying the tuning procedure and enhancing the overall control performance. Additionally, for the nominal case, the proposed cascaded controller allows obtaining an ideal set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. After the dead-time effect, the proposed cascade controller achieves the set point exponentially and rejects exponentially step-like disturbances where the user defines the time constants of the exponentials. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed controller compared to other recently published approaches, mainly in the inner loop disturbance rejection, which is precisely what is expected from a series cascade controller.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted excitation and re-identification methods for multivariate process and model predictive control","authors":"Masanori Oshima ,&nbsp;Sanghong Kim ,&nbsp;Yuri A.W. Shardt ,&nbsp;Ken-Ichiro Sotowa","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A process controlled using model predictive control is required to be re-identified when significant plant-model mismatch (PMM) occurs. During data acquisition for re-identification, the process is excited to enable accurate re-identification. However, the process excitation worsens the control performance. To prevent this problem, a new model-update framework that consists of targeted excitation (TE) and targeted re-identification (TR) is proposed. In TE, only the manipulated variables corresponding to problematic transfer functions that have significant PMM are excited during data acquisition. On the other hand, the other manipulated variables are optimized to suppress the variations of the controlled variables. After data is acquired using TE, the TR method re-identifies only the problematic transfer functions by using the other transfer-function models without large PMM. The validity of the proposed framework is examined by theoretical analysis and numerical case studies. In the theoretical analysis, the stability during data acquisition using TE and the asymptotic bias of the parameters re-identified using TR were considered. In the numerical case studies, the applicability of the proposed framework to several processes including a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process was examined. As a result, it was shown that, for all the processes, the proposed framework can improve both the control performance during data acquisition and the model accuracy after re-identification, compared to an existing method that excites all the inputs during data acquisition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust asymptotic super twisting sliding mode observer for non-linear uncertain biochemical systems","authors":"Mateusz Czyżniewski ,&nbsp;Rafał Łangowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The problem of state estimation (reconstruction of the state vector) for a given class of biochemical systems under uncertain system dynamics has been addressed in this paper. In detail, the bioreactor at a water resource recovery facility represents the considered biochemical systems. The biochemical processes taking place in the bioreactor have been modelled using an activated sludge model. Based on this model, an appropriate utility model has been derived for estimation purposes. The internal dynamics of the model have been burdened with unstructured and parametric uncertainty due to the unknown reaction kinetics functions. Taking this uncertainty into account, an analysis of the observability and detectability of the utility model has been carried out. The utility model and the available set of inputs and measured outputs have been used to design a new robust non-linear observer that allows the estimation of state variables in the presence of uncertainty. In the synthesis of the observer, the asymptotic observer methodology has been combined with a second-order sliding mode observer, a so-called super twisting algorithm. The developed observer generates not only robust and stable estimates of the state variables but also enables the reconstruction of unknown kinetic functions. The stability of the designed observer has been proven using the Lyapunov stability theory. The observer has been implemented in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The comprehensive simulation studies carried out show the high efficiency of the estimation process using the developed state observer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsatile Zone MPC with asymmetric stationary cost for artificial pancreas based on a non-standard IOB constraint","authors":"Pablo Abuin ,&nbsp;Antonio Ferramosca ,&nbsp;Chiara Toffanin ,&nbsp;Lalo Magni ,&nbsp;Alejandro H. González","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel pulsatile Zone Model Predictive Control (pZMPC) for glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients, which is an extension of the one presented in literature. Its main characteristics are (i) the explicit inclusion of a time-varying insulin on board constraint to promote a non-zero insulin delivery after a standard bolus infusion and to increase the postprandial system controllability, and (ii) the softening of this constraint to ensure closed-loop stability for an enlarged domain of attraction. Additionally, configuration methods are proposed for the insulin on board constraint based on carb counting regression models and glycemia rate of change information. In-silico results in the FDA-approved UVA/Padova simulator, under over/underestimation of the meal amounts, and under insulin sensitivity variability, show a superiority of the proposed glucose control over postprandial periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time optimization modifier adaptation approach using quadratic approximation of the plant-model mismatch function","authors":"Agustín Bottari","doi":"10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2024.103180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work proposes a real-time optimization modifier adaptation scheme (RTO MA) in which the modifiers are obtained through a quadratic approximation of the plant-model mismatch function. The work also highlights the links between the model used in the trust-region framework, the model used in bias, gradient, and Hessian-based RTO MA schemes, and the model used in function-based RTO MA. In line with this, general conditions are established for the adapted nominal model for use on the basic trust-region algorithm. The proposed modifiers are then incorporated into an iterative algorithm of the real-time modifier adaptation scheme complemented with a trust-region framework. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in simulation for the optimization of a continuous stirred tank reactor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Process Control","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 103180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}