Journal of School Health最新文献

A Roadmap for Designing and Implementing a Hub-and-Spoke Virtual School-Based Health Clinic in Denver Colorado. 设计和实施科罗拉多州丹佛市中心辐射型虚拟学校卫生诊所的路线图。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70049

Honora Quinn Burnett, Sandra Cherabie, Shelley Jackson Worstel, Karen Espinoza, Karen Sosa-Sanchez, Sonja O'Leary

{"title":"A Roadmap for Designing and Implementing a Hub-and-Spoke Virtual School-Based Health Clinic in Denver Colorado.","authors":"Honora Quinn Burnett, Sandra Cherabie, Shelley Jackson Worstel, Karen Espinoza, Karen Sosa-Sanchez, Sonja O'Leary","doi":"10.1111/josh.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) have the capacity to overcome youth barriers to care. However, most schools do not have on-campus SBHCs. At Denver Health, a large safety net hospital with 19 SBHCs in Denver Public Schools, we developed a SBHC virtual care program (VCP) to link school nurses with SBHC providers to provide medical care and address gaps in care for children attending the DPS schools without an on-campus SBHC.Contributions to practice: In establishing the SBHC VCP, several important steps emerged that others could consider when establishing similar programs. This manuscript will lay out helpful frameworks in the establishment of this SBHC VCP, including a theory of change model, a process map, and an appointment flow diagram.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: Since August of 2021, this program has been rolled out to 58 schools and seen close to 900 visits. The development of a SBHC VCP provides a framework for other SBHCs nationwide.Conclusions: Novel mechanisms such as the DPS SBHC VCP's framework can be leveraged within other SBHCs to expand SBHC reach to schools without an on-campus SBHC.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equipping School Nurses to Address Firearm Safety: A Pilot Curriculum Study. 装备学校护士解决枪支安全：试点课程研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70050

Ikemsinachi C Nzenwa, Amy J Kaplan, Gretchen F Felopulos, Stephany Zhivotovsky, Robin Cogan, Rebecca Robbins, Sunny G Hallowell, Chana A Sacks, Peter T Masiakos, Cornelia L Griggs

{"title":"Equipping School Nurses to Address Firearm Safety: A Pilot Curriculum Study.","authors":"Ikemsinachi C Nzenwa, Amy J Kaplan, Gretchen F Felopulos, Stephany Zhivotovsky, Robin Cogan, Rebecca Robbins, Sunny G Hallowell, Chana A Sacks, Peter T Masiakos, Cornelia L Griggs","doi":"10.1111/josh.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Firearm violence is the leading cause of death among US children and adolescents, and school nurses are increasingly recognized as key partners in prevention efforts. While school nurses are uniquely positioned to counsel on firearm safety, existing training curricula often lack content tailored to their specific roles and settings.Methods: We adapted a hospital-based curriculum for school nurses, comprising a didactic session on firearm violence, secure storage, and counseling frameworks, followed by standardized patient simulations. The pilot was conducted at a single academic medical center, and qualitative survey data were collected. The program's feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy were assessed using a pretest-posttest design.Results: Thirty school nurses participated, with 43.3% having prior firearm safety training and 10.0% trained to counsel on firearm safety. Post-training, confidence in counseling increased, particularly in discussing Extreme Risk Protection Orders and asking about the 5 Ls (locked, loaded, little children, low mood, and learned household members). Perceptions of the importance of screening and counseling also improved, while concerns about interference with student encounters decreased.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: By equipping school nurses with trauma-informed, proactive violence prevention tools, this curriculum expands their role as trusted, frontline leaders in creating safe, supportive environments. When embedded within holistic frameworks, school nurse-led efforts can help ensure all students thrive.Conclusion: This pilot training enhanced school nurses' confidence and perceptions of firearm safety counseling, setting the stage for efforts to expand its reach to additional locations and participants.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Directional Relationship Between Psychological Flexibility and School Climate Among Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. 青少年心理弹性与学校气氛的时间方向关系：一个随机截距交叉滞后面板模型。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70040

Dongyan Ding, Shuanghu Fang

{"title":"Temporal Directional Relationship Between Psychological Flexibility and School Climate Among Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.","authors":"Dongyan Ding, Shuanghu Fang","doi":"10.1111/josh.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School climate plays a vital role in adolescent development. However, most prior studies have relied on cross-sectional designs and have overlooked the relationship between psychological flexibility and the disciplinary structure of school climate. Guided by authoritative school climate theory, this study explores the longitudinal associations between psychological flexibility and school climate.Methods: A four-wave longitudinal study was conducted with 1119 adolescents (M = 13.15 years, SD = 1.26; 50.2% female), assessed every 6 months over 1.5 years. Data were analyzed using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Modeling (RI-CLPM).Results: The findings show that at the within-person level, psychological flexibility and school climate influence each other and have reciprocal relationship. Specifically, there is a bidirectional and reciprocal relationship between psychological flexibility and the disciplinary structure of school climate (school engagement, rule fairness, and school safety). In contrast, psychological flexibility exerts a unidirectional influence on social support (teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships) and clarity of expectations.Conclusions: These results provide novel insights into the interplay between psychological flexibility and school climate, with implications for educational and psychological interventions aimed at improving adolescent mental health and perceived school climate.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Scoping Review of School Connectedness Interventions for Adolescents. 青少年学校连通性干预的范围评估。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70036

Sarina A Attri, Andrew E Springer, Steven H Kelder

{"title":"A Scoping Review of School Connectedness Interventions for Adolescents.","authors":"Sarina A Attri, Andrew E Springer, Steven H Kelder","doi":"10.1111/josh.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the importance of school connectedness for healthy adolescent development, this scoping review aimed to identify and describe intervention strategies used to increase school connectedness among adolescents.Methods: Guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework, we conducted a scoping review of school-based intervention studies published between 2011 and 2023 targeting school connectedness among adolescents. Intervention strategies were organized using a social-ecological framework.Findings: There were 24 included studies across 12 countries, targeting students aged 10-20 years. Various theories, study designs, and measurement tools were used. Interventions were primarily classroom-based, with common strategies including lessons, skill-building, and role plays. Most targeted the individual or interpersonal level rather than the organizational level. Despite it generally being a secondary outcome, 11 of the 23 interventions had a positive effect on school connectedness.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: There are promising strategies across multiple social-ecological levels that can be used to increase school connectedness among adolescents.Conclusions: A diversity of promising intervention strategies have been implemented to increase school connectedness. Future studies need to further define school connectedness, explore strategies at the organizational level, and measure the effectiveness of different strategies.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating InPACT Intervention-Context Fit in Resource-Limited School Districts in Central Michigan. 评估密歇根州中部资源有限学区的影响干预-情境契合度。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70042

Rebecca E Hasson, Michele Marenus, Amy Wassmann, Andria B Eisman, Thomas Templin, Lexie R Beemer, Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa, Anna Schwartz, Lynn Malinoff, Ronald F Zernicke

{"title":"Evaluating InPACT Intervention-Context Fit in Resource-Limited School Districts in Central Michigan.","authors":"Rebecca E Hasson, Michele Marenus, Amy Wassmann, Andria B Eisman, Thomas Templin, Lexie R Beemer, Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa, Anna Schwartz, Lynn Malinoff, Ronald F Zernicke","doi":"10.1111/josh.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many school-based physical activity (PA) interventions are implemented without adequately assessing their contextual fit, which can hinder their effectiveness and sustainment, ultimately reducing their impact on student health and well-being. This study aimed to assess the pre-implementation fit of the Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with ACTivity (InPACT) classroom PA intervention in one resource-limited intermediate school district (ISD; encompassing 16 local districts and 32 elementary schools) in central Michigan.Methods: Assessments were conducted by the regional school health coordinator and ISD support staff during 2020-2021, using the Hexagon Discussion and Analysis Tool. Ratings on a 5-point Likert scale were totaled for need, fit, support, evidence, usability, and capacity.Results: The first assessment score was 19/30; the second assessment score was 28/30, indicating a 47% increase in fit over a year. Field notes revealed a growing need for school-based PA due to limited opportunities during COVID-19. Improvements in support, fit, evidence, usability, and capacity were linked to enhanced knowledge and capacity of the regional school health coordinator.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: The initial misalignment between intervention and context highlights the importance of addressing contextual barriers in resource-limited schools to effectively promote PA equity.Conclusions: By conducting multiple assessments, schools can identify and address barriers to intervention fit, increasing readiness and the likelihood of successful implementation.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of School Connectedness: Definitions, Antecedents, and Psychological Outcomes. 学校连通性的回顾：定义、前因和心理结果。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70037

Anqi Peng, Meagan M Patterson

{"title":"A Review of School Connectedness: Definitions, Antecedents, and Psychological Outcomes.","authors":"Anqi Peng, Meagan M Patterson","doi":"10.1111/josh.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is extensive research on the importance of school connectedness (SC). However, studies vary in how SC is operationalized, and little work has investigated factors that promote SC or how it relates to psychological outcomes, especially positive ones.Method: This study includes a narrative review of the definitions/operationalizations, theoretical foundations, and predictors of SC as well as a systematic review of 90 empirical articles that assessed at least two components of SC (i.e., school attachment/belonging, teacher attachment, peer attachment) and at least one of seven psychological outcomes (i.e., mental health, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation/behavior, well-being, resilience, self-esteem) as a dependent variable.Results: Both individual and school factors can promote SC. SC relates to both positive adjustment and psychopathology; less is known regarding SC and positive adjustment relative to psychopathology.Conclusions: SC should be conceptualized as a multi-component construct, with three key components: school attachment/belonging, teacher attachment, and peer attachment (especially with prosocial peers). Given that SC relates to multiple aspects of student mental health, it is an important target for promoting students' well-being.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Can Schools Increase Children and Adolescents' Physical Activity? A Systematic Review of Playground Features. 学校如何增加儿童和青少年的体育活动？对游乐场特征的系统回顾。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70048

Manuel Ávila-García, Luis Miguel Medel-Carbonell, Ana Ruiz-Alarcón, Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado

{"title":"How Can Schools Increase Children and Adolescents' Physical Activity? A Systematic Review of Playground Features.","authors":"Manuel Ávila-García, Luis Miguel Medel-Carbonell, Ana Ruiz-Alarcón, Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado","doi":"10.1111/josh.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Our research examined the scientific literature to determine the influence of the playground environment (size, type of surface, playground marking, and access to equipment) on physical activity (PA) by gender across different educational stages (early childhood, primary, and secondary education).Methods: The review process followed the PRISMA statement and inclusion criteria, as well as the PICOs framework to select the population and outcomes of the review. The studies were selected by two independent reviewers, and their quality was assessed using the Hawker tool.Results: In early childhood education, the association between PA and playground markings and access to playground equipment showed no gender differences in terms of PA. In primary education, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was higher for boys on artificial surfaces, multisport courts, and with access to sports equipment than for girls. In secondary education, boys performed more MVPA than girls both with and without sports equipment, and on multisport courts.Conclusion and implications: The design of the school playgrounds should consider the type of surface (green, natural, or artificial), playground markings (multisport or game courts), the availability of space during recess, and access to game equipment to meet the play preferences of boys and girls.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perceptions of Skills Enhanced Through School Health Education (PSE-SHE) Measure. 通过学校健康教育提高技能知觉的信度和效度评价。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70038

HeeKyoung Chun, Leigh E Szucs, Ari Fodeman, Emily Young, Lexie Zimbelman

{"title":"Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Perceptions of Skills Enhanced Through School Health Education (PSE-SHE) Measure.","authors":"HeeKyoung Chun, Leigh E Szucs, Ari Fodeman, Emily Young, Lexie Zimbelman","doi":"10.1111/josh.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School health education promotes health knowledge and skills, yet measurement of teens' health skills is limited. We psychometrically assessed the perceptions of skills enhanced through school health education (PSE-SHE) measure.Methods: Cross-sectional data (n = 471) were collected from teens using Teen and Parent Surveys of Health, conducted through AmeriSpeak Panels. The survey included one 5-item question assessing teens' perceptions of health skills enhanced through school health education-including getting health information and services, and understanding factors influencing health, communication, decision-making, and advocacy. For each PSE-SHE item, a 3-level categorization measure was examined (strongly agree/agree, neither agree nor disagree, and strongly disagree/disagree). Cronbach's alphas and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined PSE-SHE measures' reliability and validity. Structural equation modeling used the CALIS procedure (SAS 9.4).Results: High Cronbach's α = 0.91 was observed for the PSE-SHE measure, indicating internal consistency. Polychoric correlations among PSE-SHE items (0.68-0.81) were found. CFA confirmed substantial factor loadings (0.72-0.84, p < 0.0001) of each item on the latent factor (CFI = 0.98), supporting construct validity.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity: The reliable and valid PSE-SHE measure may inform skills-focused health education research.Conclusions: Psychometric results confirm the PSE-SHE measure is valid in capturing perceptions of skills enhanced through school health education.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infection Control Measures in the Classroom During and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions. COVID-19大流行期间和之后的课堂感染控制措施：中学生幸福感和情绪的多维分析

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70039

Tina Hascher, Tanja Held, Jakob Schnell, Nicolas Banholzer, Kathrin Zürcher, Lukas Fenner, Pascal Bittel, Philipp Jent

{"title":"Infection Control Measures in the Classroom During and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions.","authors":"Tina Hascher, Tanja Held, Jakob Schnell, Nicolas Banholzer, Kathrin Zürcher, Lukas Fenner, Pascal Bittel, Philipp Jent","doi":"10.1111/josh.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In our research, we investigated student state and habitual well-being in school during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (after schools reopened) and analyzed their associations to measures in schools aimed at preventing ongoing infectious diseases.Methods and measures: We conducted two interventional field studies in Swiss lower secondary education (Grades 8 and 9, students aged 13-15 years) to compare trait and state well-being during three different study conditions: no infection control measure, facial mask mandates, and the temporary installation of portable air cleaners in classrooms.Results: In Study 1, student enjoyment in school significantly decreased over time and their physical complaints increased. Students reported significantly higher negative activation with masks and air filters when compared to no infectious control measures. However, their negative activation significantly decreased over time with the mask, whereas it increased without measures. In Study 2, student worries in school significantly decreased over time. In one class, students reported an increase in positive activation and valence without air cleaners. In the other class, positive activation and concentration increased with air cleaners and negative activation decreased without air filters.Implications for school health and conclusions: Results suggest that infection control measures in school can have short term positive and negative effects on students' self-reported state well-being while not significantly impeding student's habitual well-being. For school health, students might benefit psychologically in times of crisis when they understand the implementation of measures as actions of care and safety.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences Exist in Utilization of School Based Health Centers by School Semester and by Proportion of Low-Income Students. 不同学期和低收入家庭学生使用校本保健中心的情况存在差异。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Journal of School Health Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70045

Jenna Van Draanen, Taylor C Ryan, Luciano Garofalo, Brenda Y Goh, Sara Rigel, Samantha T Yeun, Erin MacDougall, Michael Nash

{"title":"Differences Exist in Utilization of School Based Health Centers by School Semester and by Proportion of Low-Income Students.","authors":"Jenna Van Draanen, Taylor C Ryan, Luciano Garofalo, Brenda Y Goh, Sara Rigel, Samantha T Yeun, Erin MacDougall, Michael Nash","doi":"10.1111/josh.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.70045","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School based health centers (SBHCs) are essential for providing health care to students. Literature demonstrates student characteristics such as race and income are associated with SBHC utilization; however, little data exists on temporal trends in utilization. This gap in knowledge is crucial for informing policies and resource allocation.Methods: This study examined utilization across 27 SBHCs at elementary, middle, and high schools in King County, Seattle from 2017 to 2021. Negative binomial models with random intercepts were constructed to evaluate semester-level variation in utilization, accounting for school-level differences in race, income, and attendance. Interaction models were constructed to test for effect modification of utilization by race, income, and attendance.Results: Findings indicate that higher rates of utilization occurred in the fall. There was a decrease in utilization during the study, potentially due to the pandemic. Lower school-level income was positively and significantly associated with higher utilization and none of the interaction models were significant.Implications: Our study holds important implications for planning and policy recommendations surrounding SBHC care delivery, such as the potential need for more staffing to meet the higher demand in the fall.Conclusion: SBHC utilization varies by semester and schools serving low-income communities may experience higher rates of utilization, requiring increased staffing needs.","PeriodicalId":50059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0