Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng
{"title":"Dynamic gradient orientation and multi-scale fusion network for ocean front detection","authors":"Xiang Wan , Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Weishuai Xu , Qiyun Chen , Rui Zhao , Maoyuan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a common and significant physical phenomenon in the global ocean system, ocean fronts have profound impacts on marine environments, ecosystems, and even global climate. Traditional methods for detecting ocean fronts typically use gradient thresholds to distinguish image pixels. When background noise is too high, excessive noise gradients can lead to ambiguous recognition results. Currently, widely used deep learning methods suffer from issues such as a lack of interpretability and insufficient multi-scale feature fusion during the detection process of ocean fronts. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Dynamic Gradient Orientation and Multi-scale Fusion Network, which integrates physical priors with deep learning techniques to achieve higher precision in ocean front detection. Using 30 years (1993–2022) of high-resolution sea surface temperature data for the Northwest Pacific Kuroshio Sea area, we constructed a dynamic gradient orientation angle constraint mechanism (DACM) and a multi-scale gradient fusion mechanism (MSGF). To further enhance the model's interpretability, we improved the detection framework based on you only look once version 11 (YOLOv11), introducing a cross-scale Transformer, dynamic snake convolution, and scale-aware feature fusion modules, making it suitable for ocean front detection. The experimental results show that our method achieved an accuracy and precision of 84.1 % and 79 %, respectively, on the testing set. The ablation experiment verified that the multi-scale fusion mechanism increased the weak front recall rate by 20 %. The results provide a feasible scheme for the deep integration of physical and data-driven ocean front detection, which has certain application value for the analysis of dynamic ocean processes and climate change research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin
{"title":"Performance of the different parameterization of depth-induced breaking during a typhoon","authors":"Yuyi Hu , Weizeng Shao , Xingwei Jiang , Guanyin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates typhoon-induced wave dynamics using the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, with a focus on evaluating eight depth-induced wave breaking parameterizations under typhoon conditions: BJ78, NE87, RU03, GO10, SA15, LS17, CH19, and TG83. The wind forcing field for WW3 is constructed by assimilating wind products from Haiyang-2 (HY-2), the Soil Moisture Active–Passive (SMAP) radiometer and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2). The model simulated waves during Typhoons Lekima (2019) and Yagi (2024) incorporating sea surface current speed and sea surface level data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Validation against HY-2B satellite significant wave height (SWH) measurements demonstrates that the LS17 outperforms other schemes in shallow coastal regions (< 200 m water depth), achieving optimal metric with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5109 m and a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.8748. Comparison with buoy reveals maximum SWH discrepancy of 0.3 m between LS17 and BJ78 in shallow waters (i.e., 13 m water depth). This study evaluates the performance of two wave-breaking parameterizations (BJ78 and LS17) in WW3 simulations against HY-2 observations, with a focus on Super Typhoon Yagi (2024). Results indicate that both schemes perform comparably in deep waters (200–80 m depth), showing minimal deviations (∼0.5 m). However, near the coast (80–0 m), BJ78 exhibits significant underestimation (−2 m bias), while LS17 maintains higher accuracy. The superior performance of LS17 in shallow waters underscores the critical role of wave-breaking parameterization selection for reliable nearshore wave modeling, especially during extreme events such as typhoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft
{"title":"Macrozooplankton diversity and distribution off South Orkney Islands","authors":"Torborg E. Rustand , Astrid F. Rasmussen , Ludvig A. Krag , Anne Gro Vea Salvanes , Bjørn A. Krafft","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton organisms are considered ecological bio-indicators used to monitor the sustainability and health of marine ecosystems. Climate monitoring shows that the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is undergoing warming over the second half of the twentieth century. This study describes the macrozooplankton composition in the upper 200 m water column of the South Orkney Islands shelf, slope, and offshore areas during the austral summer of February 2016. In total, 24 taxa were identified (15 determined to species level) from 22 sampling stations. The dominating species in catch weight were <em>Euphausia superba</em> (43.4 %) and <em>Salpa thompsoni</em> (42.7 %). Lower species diversity was associated with the offshore stations while higher species diversity was found on the shelf and slope areas. Spatial distribution of biota was examined in relation to temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and surface chlorophyll <em>a</em> using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. A hierarchical clustering revealed five distinct groups: two dominated by <em>S. thompsoni</em>, linked to offshore waters, two groups with mixed characteristics, greater diversity and located over the shelf and slope, and a group dominated by <em>E. superba</em>. This study establishes a baseline for long-term monitoring of macrozooplankton at the South Orkney Islands, aiding future assessments of species composition and distribution in response to environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingjuan Wu , Juan Huang , Ruichen Cao , Jiangling Xu , Jie Feng , Yifei Li , Chao Yuan
{"title":"A forecasting method of optimal search area for Ulva prolifera green tide","authors":"Lingjuan Wu , Juan Huang , Ruichen Cao , Jiangling Xu , Jie Feng , Yifei Li , Chao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2008, the on-site salvage of floating <em>Ulva prolifera</em> patches at sea has been a crucial measure in mitigating the adverse effects of the Yellow Sea green tide. A timely and accurate identification of the search area is crucial for salvage boats to handle reported floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches effectively. Traditional deterministic drift forecasting methods do not adequately address the uncertain behavior of floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches. This inadequacy arises from various environmental and biological complexities. In this study, we proposed a Monte Carlo probabilistic drift forecasting model by introducing random walk, and constructed a search area forecasting method based on optimal search theory. This method was applied to the on-site salvage of floating <em>U. prolifera</em> patches in June 2023. The optimal search area is more efficient and effective than traditional methods, reducing the search area by more than an order of magnitude. This method offers decision-makers valuable additional information, such as probability distribution of the search area, thereby enhancing salvage efficiency and ultimately mitigating resource waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.P. Olivar , C. López-Pérez , A. Sabatés , A.N. Sarmiento-Lezcano
{"title":"Surface swarms of the lanternfish Myctophum punctatum associated to dolphin presence","authors":"M.P. Olivar , C. López-Pérez , A. Sabatés , A.N. Sarmiento-Lezcano","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neustonic layer of the ocean are visited at night time by a large number of organisms for feeding or breeding. This study reports large aggregations of the myctophid <em>Myctophum punctatum</em> at night in the strictly sea surface layer of the water column and the co-occurrence of dolphins swimming and probably feeding on these fish. The study was based on fish captures obtained from neuston hauls and dolphins observations in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean), and in oceanic waters off Lisboa (temperate Atlantic). Data on the abundance, biomass, size frequency distributions and Gonadosomatic Index of <em>M. punctatum</em> were analysed, and the relevance of these high aggregations both for the biology of the species and as a source of prey for the co-occurring dolphins is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Baseline zinc levels and monitoring implications in sediments of the Changhua offshore wind farm region","authors":"Pei-Hsuan Wu , Yen-Kung Hsieh , Wei-Shan Chou , Ping Chen , Jin-Li Yu , Chao-Kai Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study integrates data on the content of zinc (Zn) in the sediment during the construction of wind farms in the Changhua coastal area, and conducted two seasons of sediment surveys surrounding the Changhua offshore wind farms (OWFs). The survey results were compared with historical data from previous monitoring efforts in the Changhua offshore wind farm region. From 6 environmental impact assessments of Changhua OWFs, sedimentary Zn contents were below the effects range-median (ERM; 410 mg/kg) of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standards. Our results showed that the Zn concentration in the sediment of the two sampling stations in this study was lower than the effect range low (ERL; 150 mg/kg) threshold. Compared among the sediments of CH-1 and CH-2 sites and other OWFs, the Zn concentrations were significantly lower than those of the Zhong Neng offshore wind farm, Zhang Fang offshore wind farm, and Haixia I/II offshore wind farm. In the spatial background, the distribution of Zn concentration in the southern area along the Changhua coastal sediments was higher than that in the northern area. The Mann-Kendall trend test analysis indicated a decreasing trend in the time series. Results of Geo-accumulation index (I <sub>geo</sub>) and potential ecological risk (PERI) demonstrated that the sediment has low ecological potential risk. This study established baseline data on Zn concentrations in the sediment of the Changhua coastal area. The proposed alert value for Zn concentration in the Changhua coastal area environment monitoring in sediment is 83.6 mg/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 102596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadine Jacques , Bent Herrmann , Manu Sistiaga , Jesse Brinkhof
{"title":"From behind bars to freedom: understanding the size selection of fish sorting grids","authors":"Nadine Jacques , Bent Herrmann , Manu Sistiaga , Jesse Brinkhof","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rigid sorting grids are used in demersal trawl fisheries globally. However, in some fisheries, such as the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery, they have been found to release large quantities of target-sized catch while simultaneously retaining too many undersized fish. Several studies have documented this issue but an in-depth understanding regarding the exact reasons for these results is still lacking. Thus, the present study investigated whether so-called fall-through experiments conducted in the laboratory for cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>), haddock (<em>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</em>) and redfish (<em>Sebastes</em> spp.) could shed light on this matter. Predictive models based on these results, enabled a more detailed understanding of the size selection pattern from fishing trials for these species. The models revealed that the unintended release of target-sized cod and haddock occurs because a significant fraction of the fish entering the trawl squeezes themselves between the sorting grid bars to escape. For redfish, approximately 85 % of the contribution on the selectivity curve could be attributed to redfish squeezing themselves through the grid bar spacings to escape compared to when we considered that they do not squeeze (approximately 15 %). The unintended retention of undersized cod and haddock could be explained by the fact that many fish made contact with the grid with a suboptimal body orientation. The method applied enabled us to gain detailed insight into the interaction between fish and sorting grids and could potentially be applied to gain an understanding of the performance of other selectivity devices used in trawl fisheries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 102595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accelerated land loss and nuisance flooding potential in the Barataria Basin: The impacts of land subsidence, sea-level rise, and tidal dynamics","authors":"Byungho Kang , Surui Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Barataria Basin, an ecologically and economically important microtidal interdistributary basin in Louisiana, is experiencing rapid land subsidence and increased coastal inundation.</div><div>This study quantifies the combined effects of land subsidence, sea-level rise (SLR), and evolving tidal dynamics within this vulnerable basin. Our analysis reveals a significantly amplifed tides throughout the region, further exacerbating the impacts of subsidence and SLR.</div><div>By 2045, the land area predicted to remain above Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) may decrease to approximately 65 % of the area remaining above Mean Sea Level (MSL), indicating that these low-lying regions will likely experience more frequent high-tide inundation events. This escalating flood risk poses a major threat to the Basin's sustainability, emphasizing the importance of integrating tidal dynamics into the adaptive management plans for restoration projects such as the Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion (MBSD). The research establishes a benchmark for evaluating the relative contributions of different drivers to coastal change and highlights the growing influence of tidal inundation. These findings offer essential insights to guide management strategies in similarly vulnerable coastal regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 102594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Xiang Wan , Weishuai Xu , Xiaoqing Sun , Maolin Li
{"title":"Three-dimensional thermohaline reconstruction of mesoscale eddies under remote sensing observation: From the perspective of deep learning of layer depth sequences with fusion of physical mechanisms","authors":"Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Ma , Xiang Wan , Weishuai Xu , Xiaoqing Sun , Maolin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoscale eddies significantly impact the thermohaline structure of the ocean on a global scale. However, current three-dimensional reconstruction techniques for mesoscale eddies, based on multi-source data fusion, tend to focus on the profile while neglecting the depiction of mesoscale eddies in higher dimensions through three-dimensional structures. To address this issue, we first propose a hybrid recognition algorithm for mesoscale eddies. We then extract the dataset based on the recognition results and ocean reanalysis, transforming the mesoscale eddies reconstruction problem into a prediction problem of layer depth sequences, and implement the model construction using deep learning technology. Simultaneously, we incorporate the globally uniform vertical and horizontal structure of mesoscale eddies into the model input module as a binding physical mechanism and add an attention mechanism to enhance the model's output. Experiments demonstrate that the model developed in this paper performs comparably to the base model in deep learning metrics, exhibits specific advantages in measuring the three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddies from multiple perspectives, and shows robust generalization across different oceanic regions and data sources. Inspired by the work of many researchers, this paper achieves promising results in the three-dimensional reconstruction of mesoscale eddies, offering valuable insights for deep learning research in marine data-related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bibiana Américo Fernando Nassongole , Lene Buhl-Mortensen , Ana Hilário , Victor Quintino , Isabel Marques da Silva
{"title":"The spatiotemporal dynamics of reef benthic communities in local marine protected areas: A case study of Vamizi Island","authors":"Bibiana Américo Fernando Nassongole , Lene Buhl-Mortensen , Ana Hilário , Victor Quintino , Isabel Marques da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on coral reef ecosystems highlights ongoing degradation driven by local and global factors, leading to biodiversity loss and a shift from hard coral to macroalgae communities. However, other reef components, such as soft corals, receive less attention. This study examines the temporal dynamics of benthic communities and the impact of fisheries closures on sessile reef organisms after a protected area was established. We aimed to assess benthic community changes, particularly a potential shift toward soft corals, before and after protection. Photo-quadrat transects were conducted at four sites, two inside and two outside the protected area, with surveys in 2006, 2012, 2014, and 2022 by SCUBA divers. Results showed no statistically significant differences between protected and unprotected areas but revealed site-specific fluctuations over time. Protection did not significantly alter the overall benthic composition, likely due to initial site heterogeneity and the limited timeframe for detecting changes. The lack of a shift from hard to soft corals outside of the protected area suggests nutrient availability may influence coral dynamics more than overfishing. Alternatively, unprotected sites may have avoided degradation due to increased public awareness and local conservation efforts. These findings emphasize the need for long-term monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing protected areas and inform conservation strategies for reef ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 102591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}