Journal of Sea Research最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility study for kelp afforestation in the German Bight: Habitat availability and light requirements of Laminaria hyperborea","authors":"Florian Stahl ,&nbsp;Lea Kappas ,&nbsp;Florian Uhl ,&nbsp;Natascha Oppelt ,&nbsp;Kai Bischof","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Besides the much-needed reduction of CO₂ emissions, exploring and implementing carbon removal strategies is essential to reduce the impact of man-made climate change effects. The sequestration of CO₂ by coastal vegetated ecosystems (CVEs) presents a natural and nature-based solution. One of these CVEs is kelp forests, which are amongst the most productive and diverse marine ecosystems. Although their CO₂ sequestration potential is still being discussed, kelp forests have been increasingly mentioned within the blue carbon framework in recent years. As kelp forests worldwide are in decline, it is not sufficient to conserve these habitats, but expanding the existing and even establishing new sites is essential. As a baseline study for potential kelp forest expansion around the island of Heligoland and even afforestation measures in the German Bight, we investigated the light requirements of the brown alga <em>Laminaria hyperborea</em> and the in situ <em>light</em> climate. Our results point to a compensation irradiance of 30 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and a local depth limit of 12.8 m for <em>L. hyperborea</em> under summer conditions. Consequently, we calculated the total area with suitable light conditions for kelp growth around Heligoland to be about 24.1 km². Combining the kelps minimum light requirement, underwater light attenuation, and bathymetric maps, provides an understanding of habitat requirements based on the physiological needs of L. <em>hyperborea</em> and helps to identify suitable afforestation sites within the German Bight.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000455/pdfft?md5=e2bb02811aa80582aa6bc2c6331b1ccd&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunscreen pollution is abated during the COVID-19 “Anthropause” of 2020 in two U.S. National Parks: Cape Lookout National Seashore and Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park","authors":"C.A. Downs ,&nbsp;K.L. Akerlof ,&nbsp;Didier Stien ,&nbsp;Alice M.S. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;M. Silvia Diaz-Cruz ,&nbsp;Gerard Quintana ,&nbsp;Deborah Fulton","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From March to June 2020, governments across the world imposed lockdowns in an attempt to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. This period of time in which human activity slowed worldwide has been coined the “Anthropause”. The goal of this study was to determine if sunscreen pollution abated during the Anthropause and to identify the severity of the pollution when tourism/recreation recovered at two coastal units of the U.S. National Park System: Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park in Hawaiʻi, U.S.A. and Cape Lookout National Seashore in North Carolina, U.S.A. Active ingredients of sunscreen products were measured in water and sand samples at both locations, including oxybenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, octisalate, homosalate, and relevant breakdown products of some of these ingredients. A risk assessment was conducted on Anthropause and post-Anthropause contaminant levels for both locations to determine if there was a threat reduction during the Anthropause, and whether tourism recovery in the post-Anthropause period served as a threat to coastal wildlife. Both national park units exhibited an almost absolute reduction in the levels of sunscreen contamination during the Anthropause period, a striking commonality considering the geographic expanse separating the parks. Once travel restrictions were lifted, a large influx of tourists ensued at both locations, resulting in a relatively sudden and dangerous increase in the levels of sunscreen chemical pollution. This study supports the argument that unmanaged tourism is a source of coastal sunscreen pollution that poses a threat to the localized continuity of species populations and biodiversity, especially to coral reefs and fisheries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000431/pdfft?md5=bbffa7888463fed0d47a3a7b2a502d99&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141395427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of deep-sea sponge ground (Asconema setubalense) using structure from motion methodology.","authors":"Pablo Heres ,&nbsp;Pilar Rios ,&nbsp;Javier Cristobo ,&nbsp;Alberto Abad-Uribarren ,&nbsp;Augusto Rodríguez-Basalo ,&nbsp;Elena Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hexactinellid sponge <em>Asconema setubalense</em> <span>Kent, 1870</span> is a deep-sea species characterized by its expansive cup-shaped morphology, which contributes significantly to the three-dimensional complexity of the marine ecosystems. This sponge forms grounds that offer protection to pelagic organisms and juvenile stages. Despite its ecological relevance, there is a lack of information on the ecology, behavior and population structure of this species. The research aimed to conduct a multitemporal analysis of this sponge in the Aviles Canyon System over a ten-year period, focusing on spatial distribution and abundance. Changes in fishing pressure were estimated using the presence of fishing gears as a proxy. Additionally, the study sought to provide a detailed morphometric description through 3D photogrammetric reconstructions based on the latest data. The multi-temporal analysis revealed a subtle increase in sponge density, particularly at depths ranging from 320 to 390 m, exhibiting an irregular spatial distribution in 2022, with maximal values of 0.08 individuals/m². Despite a small decrease on the loss of fishing gears in the overlapping area between samplings in 2012 and 2022, there was not a clear indication of a decline in fishing pressure over the years. Notably, more sightings of fishing gears were found in transect IC222TV_16 (0.07 gears/m²) than in IC222_TV02 (0.04 gears/m²) in 2022, suggesting potential spatial preferences for fishing activities. Visual analysis of temporal populations revealed an increase of 7% in specimen perturbations over ten years, with the population in IC222_TV16 being healthier (9% of the individuals presenting severe deformations) than in IC222_TV02 (40%). High-density fishing gear locations coincided with areas inhabited by sponges displaying the highest perturbation levels in both transects. Morphometric analysis using data from 2022 indicated a prevalence of individuals with heights concentrated between 0.18 and 0.38 m, osculum and flounce diameters reaching 0.4 and 0.56 m and osculum and flounce surfaces of 0.02–0.04 and 0.06–0.19 m² respectively. Over 80% of measured specimens exhibited a high degree of asymmetry. Strong correlations were observed between heights and osculum and flounce surfaces, but external factors may be included for explaining wall deformities. These findings contribute valuable insights into the characterization of <em>A. setubalense</em>, serving as a foundation for future research in the area. Moreover, this work highlights the promising potential of photogrammetry as an efficient tool for monitoring of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) and marine protected areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000443/pdfft?md5=943bf64ca2976c1e26f77ef53192d521&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fronts affect fish community structure in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent area","authors":"Yihui Jiang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Shi ,&nbsp;Ling Cao ,&nbsp;Cong Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dispersal, a critical factor in the viability of marine organisms, is strongly influenced by the physical dynamics of the ocean. Fronts, as a common phenomenon in ocean dynamics, can theoretically impact the dispersal of organisms and ultimately cause spatial homogeneity or heterogeneity of marine communities. However, there is relatively limited understanding concerning whether frontal formation hinders the connectivity between communities and thus results in differences in community structure. To verify whether the formation of fronts caused differences between communities, 60 eDNA samples and their environmental parameters were collected from 32 sites in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent area, and four groups, the Yangtze River front-inner group (YRI), the Yangtze River front-outer group (YRO), the Zhejiang costa front-inner group (ZCI), and the Zhejiang coast front-outer group (ZCO), were compared to examine the differences in fish communities between the sides of the front. The results showed that there was a significant difference between YRI and YRO, suggesting that the front affected the community structure. There was no significant difference in fish communities between ZCI and ZCO, indicating that fronts could only hinder dispersal at high intensities. The difference between YRI and YRO possibly resulted from dramatic changes in temperature, salinity, and turbidity related to the front. Fronts also separated water masses with different environmental characteristics and thereby attracted fish to their optimal habitats. Overall, fronts appear to be ecologically significant for fish dispersal and community differentiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000406/pdfft?md5=54fe57410c33b9c9785f2df96b4ef83a&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut content metabarcoding of six crustaceans provides detailed diet description and insights into their roles as predators and scavengers","authors":"Pauline Boët ,&nbsp;Dorothée Kopp ,&nbsp;Sonia Méhault ,&nbsp;Marie Morfin ,&nbsp;Aurélie Bonin ,&nbsp;Benjamin Lejeune","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While many studies have analyzed the diet of marine consumers using traditional morphology-based methods, the integral diet of many species of functionally important groups such as benthic invertebrates remains poorly resolved. This hinders our ability to precisely establish trophic links among species, which is necessary to understand food webs and ecosystem dynamics. Here, we applied DNA metabarcoding to obtain a high resolution picture of the animal fraction of the diet of six species of crustaceans in the Bay of Biscay; the edible crab <em>Cancer pagurus</em>, the velvet crab <em>Necora puber</em>, the circular crab <em>Atelecyclus undecimdentatus</em>, the spider crab <em>Maja brachydactyla</em>, the shrimp <em>Crangon crangon</em>, and the hermit crab <em>Pagurus bernhardus</em>. We used two pairs of primers targeting the 18S rDNA (generalist) and 12S rDNA (fish-specific) regions to identify prey that makes up the animal fraction of the diet. Based on occurrence data, 54 prey taxa belonging to 5 different phylum mostly represented by teleost fishes and malacostracans were identified. Through a high-level of prey detection, results indicate a scavenging strategy across all consumers mostly based on the consumption of preys likely originating from fishing discards. This study also reveals patterns of niche overlaps among consumers differentiating <em>C. crangon</em> from others and suggesting high overlap in animal resource use between <em>N. puber</em> and <em>M. brachydactyla</em> as well as <em>C. pagurus</em>. High resolution diet description revealed the complexity of trophic interactions on a local scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138511012400042X/pdfft?md5=b764ab7dc2bc00ff926cc0a702c19677&pid=1-s2.0-S138511012400042X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference in the production and elemental composition of litter in Kandelia obovata mangrove forests due to site elevation","authors":"Jiahui Chen ,&nbsp;Min Gao ,&nbsp;Guangcheng Chen ,&nbsp;Shunyang Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Site elevation is a crucial driver for mangrove restoration, and litter production restoration is a significantly important target of mangrove restoration, but little attention has been paid to impact of site elevation on the production and elemental composition of litter in the restored mangrove forests. This study compared the production and elemental composition of mangrove litter at the three intertidal elevations, to explore impacts of site elevation on the production and elemental composition of mangrove litter. Compared with the upper elevation site, significantly lower annual litter production was found at the lower elevation site. Leaf litter was the main component of litter, up to 60.49% of total litter production at the upper elevation site, while reproductive materials (flower and fruit) were the key part of litter and accounted for 50.80% (the lower elevation site) and 57.02% (the middle elevation site) of total litter production. As site elevation decreased, element stocks within total litter decreased by approximately 65.39% (organic carbon), 65.17% (total nitrogen) and 63.66% (total phosphorus), respectively, which was attributed more to element stocks within leaf litter instead of element stocks within the other litter. Results showed that site elevation decreases resulted in decreased litter production, altered composition percentages of litter production, and reduced element stocks within total litter. In the future mangrove restoration projects, it is advisable to prioritize upper elevation (above local mean level) for promoting litter production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000418/pdfft?md5=d897f03a2edf7df760914e29420c7a86&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longevity of subtidal mussel beds (Mytilus edulis) in eutrophic coastal areas","authors":"Isabelle Johansson,&nbsp;Camille Saurel,&nbsp;Daniel Taylor ,&nbsp;Jens Kjerulf Petersen,&nbsp;Pernille Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mussel populations (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) around the coasts of Europe and the North Atlantic are often ephemeral and have notably experienced a large decline in abundance. Since 1993, annual blue mussel stock surveys have been carried out in the Limfjorden, Denmark. We used the stock survey data combined with electronic monitoring fishing data and Mechanistic Models for the Limfjorden, providing environmental data to investigate the impact of various stressors. Multiple factors were found to affect the longevity of subtidal mussel beds in Limfjorden. Predation by starfish, fishing activities, shell length of the mussels, amplitude in summer temperature and consecutive days of oxygen depletion decreased the longevity of the beds. Conversely, increased biomass, multiple cohorts and increasing water depth demonstrate stabilising effects. Water column stratification had both a negative and positive impact on bed longevity depending on the duration. These analyses can help inform environmental, conservation, and fisheries managers on the long-term trends of population dynamics and gain a deeper understanding of what factors can affect mussel bed longevity in the context of declining stocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138511012400039X/pdfft?md5=def9257fc30884e4ca3cd79edf926630&pid=1-s2.0-S138511012400039X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term thermal acclimation improved the thermal tolerance of three species of scleractinian corals in the South China Sea","authors":"Wen Huang ,&nbsp;Zunyong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Kefu Yu ,&nbsp;Yonggang Wang ,&nbsp;Linqing Meng ,&nbsp;Lirong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the potential and mechanisms of thermal adaptability in scleractinian corals is critical for aiding corals in dealing with global warming and improving the efficiency of coral reef restoration efforts. Although thermal acclimation facilitates the resistance of branching corals to thermal stress, little is known about the physiological processes of massive and platy corals in the South China Sea or their ability to adapt to heat stress. In this study, we conducted indoor short-term thermal acclimation simulation experiments on three types of corals: massive <em>Porites lutea</em>, platy <em>Pavona decussata</em>, and branching <em>Pocillopora damicornis</em>. Subsequently, we studied the responses and adaptive mechanisms of the three corals to heat stress and explored the effects of short-term thermal acclimation using physiological and biochemical markers. The results showed that the three corals exhibited comparable phenotypic and physiological responses to heat stress, including tentacle retraction and decreases in zooxanthellae density, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and glutathione content, along with increases in antioxidant activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase), ammonium assimilation (glutamine synthetase), and apoptosis (lipid peroxide and caspase-3). Additionally, heat tolerance differed among the different species of coral. Furthermore, the physiological markers performed better in all three coral types after acclimation, and the effects of short-term acclimation decreased from <em>P. lutea</em> to <em>P. damicornis</em> to <em>P. decussata</em>. We propose that short-term thermal acclimation enhances the heat tolerance of corals by affecting their metabolism and antioxidant capacity. Leveraging short-term thermal acclimation in coral reef restoration efforts could help corals adapt to the threats posed by global warming and enhance restoration efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000388/pdfft?md5=df7cab4cb6dfdae161957d590d323a96&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000388-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue carbon and the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration: Its mechanisms, estimation, human impacts and conservation strategies for economic incentives","authors":"Bhavesh Choudhary ,&nbsp;Venerability Dhar ,&nbsp;Anil S. Pawase","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses have been recognized as blue carbon coastal ecosystems as they accommodate large carbon stocks, enable long-term carbon storage, have the capacity to control greenhouse gas emissions and possess the potential to reduce the rise in atmospheric CO₂ levels. In the tropical and subtropical intertidal zones, mangroves show significant productivity and rapid deposition rates. Mangroves play an important role in capturing, transforming, and storing CO₂ in the atmosphere into coastal sediments for a long time, displacing organic carbon from the coastal zone to the offshores and the ocean. Mangroves also help in preventing storms, hurricanes, coastal erosion, and tidal waves. Recently, mangroves have been threatened by natural and anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, pollution, aquaculture and tourism. They are expected to hamper their essential services, such as coastal defense, breeding grounds for aquatic organisms' seafood supply, etc. Despite the importance of mangrove forests in carbon sequestration and the numerous goods and services they offer humans, wood and non-wood forest products, food, fisheries, medicines, eco-tourism, and recreation. These mangrove ecosystems are deteriorating at alarming rates, necessitating immediate intervention. Thus, the protection, restoration and conservation of this ecosystem are gaining considerable attention from researchers across the globe. This paper provides information on different mangrove adaptations, their mechanisms, roles in the ecosystem, carbon estimation, influencing factors, threats, and conservation strategies for carbon sequestration in this invaluable coastal habitat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000376/pdfft?md5=4c043913a6e0cebde76df8817c679795&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000376-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining effects of sample concentration on estimates of live phytoplankton abundance","authors":"Sean Yardley,&nbsp;Dawson Ogilvie,&nbsp;Oscar Casas-Monroy,&nbsp;Jocelyn Kydd,&nbsp;Robin Rozon,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bailey","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2024.102503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the entry into force of the International Maritime Organization's International Ballast Water Management Convention in September 2017, ships have begun to install and operate onboard ballast water management systems (BWMS) to reduce the number of live organisms in ballast water. Scientific methods were developed to assess the effectiveness of BWMS at reducing the number of live organisms in ballast water. However, detecting low organism concentrations in treated ballast water is challenging when considering the small sample volume (6 mL) analyzed for organisms in the 10–50 μm size class. The volume analyzed can be increased by concentrating the sample prior to analysis, but it is important to assess the effects of the sample concentration method due to potential cell loss experienced during the concentration step. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of a gravity filtration method to concentrate samples to a factor of 40:1. Experiments were conducted for both low and high organism abundances. For unpreserved samples at low organism abundances (∼10 cells mL⁻¹), concentrated samples had on average 31% fewer live cells mL⁻¹ than unconcentrated samples for four out of five experiments. At high organism abundances (≥ 120 cells mL⁻¹), unpreserved concentrated samples had on average 55% fewer live cells than unconcentrated samples. Alternatively, with preserved samples at low organism abundances, concentrated samples had on average 4.5× more cells than unconcentrated samples. At high organism abundances, concentrated samples had on average 6.4× more cells than unconcentrated samples. Differences were also observed between preserved and unpreserved samples. These findings can help to improve ballast water monitoring procedures and BWMS assessments, addressing a critical challenge to maritime environmental protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385110124000364/pdfft?md5=d4cc555c12e19a885e0f5accab3fe04a&pid=1-s2.0-S1385110124000364-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}