Journal of Sea Research最新文献

{"title":"Foraminiferal eDNA reveals ecological dynamics of a deep-sea cold seep ecosystem: Evidence from the “Haima” seep, South China Sea","authors":"Haotian Li,&nbsp;Yanli Lei,&nbsp;Haiyan Jin,&nbsp;Zaibao Yang,&nbsp;Junfeng Shi,&nbsp;Fanyong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold seeps host chemosynthesis-based ecosystems that play an important role in shaping deep-sea benthic biodiversity. Benthic foraminifera are widely used as indicators of environmental change, yet their molecular ecological responses to cold seep activity and their long-term dynamics remain poorly understood. In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was applied to investigate foraminiferal communities in surface sediments along a seepage gradient and in a radiocarbon-dated sediment core (SY186–3) from the “Haima” cold seeps in the South China Sea. Surface sediments reveal a distinct distribution pattern of foraminiferal assemblages. Read abundance declines toward the seep center, whereas Shannon–Wiener and Margalef diversity indices increase, producing a characteristic high-diversity but low-abundance community in seep-influenced sediments. Functional annotation of bacterial communities shows an enrichment of sulfur-metabolizing microorganisms near the seep core, suggesting intensified sulfur cycling and close interactions between microbial activity and benthic microfauna. The sediment core further documents two phases in Holocene ecosystem development. An earlier stage is marked by a gradual increase in foraminiferal abundance and diversity, indicating the establishment of seep-influenced benthic habitats. In contrast, the later stage shows pronounced millennial-scale fluctuations in community composition. Overall, these findings demonstrate that sedimentary eDNA records can link microbial activity, sedimentary geochemical conditions, and benthic microfaunal communities, offering a powerful approach for investigating ecological dynamics in deep-sea methane-seep environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 102725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic modelling as a pathway to ecosystem-based management – the Marine Protected Area “Sylt Outer Reef - Eastern German Bight”","authors":"Chaimae Slila,&nbsp;Sabine Horn,&nbsp;Miriam Püts,&nbsp;Holger Haslob,&nbsp;Jan Beermann,&nbsp;Marie-Catherine Riekhof,&nbsp;Lars Gutow,&nbsp;Karen Helen Wiltshire","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Marine Protected Area of the Sylt Outer Reef – Eastern German Bight (SOR), located in the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea, is an ecologically important region that provides essential habitats for numerous species and supports high benthic faunal diversity. In this study, we developed the first mass-balanced food web model for the SOR covering the period 2010–2020, using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), in order to understand ecosystem functioning, structure, and energy flows prior to the implementation of management measures. The model included 44 functional groups and 8 fishing gear types. We found that the SOR is dominated by low trophic levels and strong benthic recycling, with detritus and primary producers contributing 33.43% and 20.41% of total system throughput (TST), respectively. Ecosystem indicators highlight that the system is detritus-driven with high internal recycling. It has multiple alternative pathways for energy and biomass flow, supporting a complex trophic structure and potentially being resilient to disturbance. Keystone groups and species included surface-feeding birds and harbour porpoise, whereas key structuring groups included carnivorous polychaetes, phytoplankton, herbivorous zooplankton, and sandeels. Fishing gears in the SOR target both pelagic and demersal groups, primarily forage fish such as sandeels and sprat. The static food web model of the SOR is a baseline for evaluating the effect of the implemented management measures on the ecosystem as the next step, supporting ecosystem-based management decisions for the Sylt Outer Reef such as the exclusion of bottom trawling from many areas of the SOR in March 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 102724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lived mesoscale Eddy populations in contrasted dynamical environments around the Canary Islands","authors":"H. Bañuls-Cervera ,&nbsp;D. Vega-Moreno ,&nbsp;F. Machín ,&nbsp;A. Olivé-Abelló","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoscale eddies are recurrent features in the Canary Islands region, where the interaction between the Canary Current, the islands topography, and the nearby North African coastal upwelling is associated with a complex variety of vortices. Despite decades of regional studies, the relative importance, spatial differentiation, vertical structure, seasonal variability and persistence of the different eddy populations remain poorly quantified. The aim of this work is to provide the first long-term and consistent evaluation of the main eddy populations associated with contrasted dynamical environments in the region, offering a systematic distinction between vortices associated with island– and upwelling–current interactions, by analyzing the formation, evolution, and dynamics of eddies generated over the period 1993–2022. Using satellite altimetry from the META product and three-dimensional structure data from ARMOR3D, eddies were grouped according to their rotation (cyclonic or anticyclonic) and their formation within island-wakes or upwelling-front dynamical environments, enabling a comparative characterization of their properties. Results show that anticyclonic eddies represent a larger fraction of the detected long-lived mesoscale eddy population (approximately 56% over the 30-year study period) and, on average, exhibit greater abundance, persistence, and energetic intensity than cyclonic eddies, with larger amplitude, radius, and mean velocity. Seasonal variability strongly modulates eddy generation and persistence, particularly for upwelling-front eddies. Vertical temperature, salinity, and geostrophic velocity distribution reveal that anticyclones have deeper and more coherent cores, with higher surface velocities, reinforcing their role as the most structurally robust eddies in the region. By explicitly separating eddy populations associated with different dynamical environments, this study shows that mesoscale eddies commonly treated as a single population exhibit fundamentally different dynamical, energetic, and vertical structures, highlighting the importance of a population-based classification linked to contrasted dynamical environments. These findings provide the first systematic comparison of eddy populations in the Canary Islands region, emphasizing their importance for the transport of physical and biogeochemical properties in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity in benthic communities of coarse sediments in the English Channel","authors":"Robin Van Paemelen ,&nbsp;Éric Thiébaut ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Pezy","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trait-based approaches can complement taxonomic descriptors by revealing changes in functional organization under strong environmental filtering. However, in high-energy coarse-sediment habitats, how taxonomic and functional diversity covary, and how sieve mesh size influences the information obtained, remain poorly resolved. We investigated these questions in the English Channel, where high-energy coarse sediments dominate, and evaluated the additional information gained by retaining the 1–2 mm size fraction. Specifically, benthic macrofauna and sediments were sampled at 35 stations during four baseline surveys (autumn 2022 and 2023; winter 2023 and 2024) in the Bay of Seine, within areas targeted for offshore wind development. We quantified conventional taxonomic metrics and four functional diversity indices (FRic, FEve, FDiv, RaoQ) based on eight response traits, and compared patterns across seasons, sediment facies, and sieve mesh sizes (1 mm vs 2 mm). A total of 247,618 individuals (392 taxa; &gt;1 mm) were identified. Sediment facies mainly affected functional dispersion, with lower RaoQ in gravel than in sandy gravel. Seasonal differences were expressed by higher biomass, FRic, and RaoQ in autumn than in winter. Taxonomic and functional β-diversity were strongly coupled (RV = 0.82), yet functional variation showed reduced amplitude, consistent with trait convergence under strong abiotic filtering. The 1–2 mm fraction added 10.8% taxa and about 30% individuals but only about 2% biomass; it minimally altered taxonomic patterns while substantially reshaping functional indices, indicating non-redundant functional information carried by small-bodied, trait-distinct taxa. These results support combining taxonomic and trait-based indicators for monitoring coarse-sediment benthos and suggest that finer sieving may improve the sensitivity of functional diagnoses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New turbulence model: Langevin stochastic equations in lieu of the Navier-Stokes equations","authors":"V.M. Canuto","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical oceanographers must describe turbulent processes at different depths due to different sources. The time-honored tool to treat turbulence were the Navier-Stokes Equations, NSE. In 1971, turbulence theorist R. H. Kraichnan, after an unsuccessful attempt to derive the universal Kolmogorov kinetic energy spectrum using the NSE, <em>suggested that, because of their structural simplicity, the Langevin Stochastic Equations LSE should be used.to describe turbulence.</em> His suggestion was not implemented for 25 years until 1996–1999 when a series of papers were published in <em>The Physics of Fluids in which an LSE-based turbulence model was derived, implemented and assessed on more than 80 non-geophysical turbulence data.</em> The LSE were then extended to treat oceanic mesoscales and sub-mesoscales (<span><span>Canuto and Dubovikov, 2005</span></span>, <span><span>Canuto and Dubovikov, 2006</span></span>) and OGCM results were favorably compared to those based on different turbulence models (<span><span>Canuto et al., 2018</span></span>, <span><span>Canuto et al., 2019</span></span>). It has now been realized that the oceanographic community has not yet been presented with a step-by-step derivation of the LSE-based turbulence model and its applications. The goal of this work is to remedy that shortcoming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic sequencing reveals multiple microbial risks in ballast tank sediments: high diversity, virulence potential, and antibiotic resistance","authors":"Xiao Wei ,&nbsp;Caiying Yang ,&nbsp;Shihui Yan ,&nbsp;Wen Tian ,&nbsp;Yangchun Han ,&nbsp;Yuyao Liu ,&nbsp;Caixia Yue ,&nbsp;Pei Yu ,&nbsp;Zhaozhao Xue ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ballast water and associated sediments serve as major vectors for the global transfer of microorganisms, posing significant ecological, economic, and public health risks. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was employed to comprehensively characterize the microbial communities and functional potential of sediments collected from ballast tanks of three international vessels. A total of 38,194 species were identified, with bacteria comprising over 92% of all taxa, followed by Archaea (4.3%) and Eukaryota (2.8%). Metagenomic analysis revealed 196 potential pathogenic species, primarily within Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Vibrionaceae, underscoring the role of sediments as reservoirs for pathogens. Functional annotation demonstrated strong metabolic potential, particularly in energy and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) were detected, indicating risks associated with antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. These findings establish ballast tank sediments as a distinct and complex microbial habitat, rich in both functional diversity and potential biohazards, and the results provide critical insights and baseline data to support global ballast water and sediment management strategies aimed at mitigating microbial invasion and environmental risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and validation of wave-state-based parameterizations in the COARE Air-Sea heat flux algorithm","authors":"Siyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Sheng Chen ,&nbsp;Xiongbo Zheng ,&nbsp;Baoshan Yang ,&nbsp;Linfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanjiang Huang ,&nbsp;Fangli Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on two years of in situ air-sea heat flux observations from the Chengbei observation tower in the southern Bohai Sea, this study examines systematic biases in the widely used Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment version 3.5 bulk air-sea flux algorithm (COARE3.5). Results show that COARE3.5 persistently underestimates air-sea heat fluxes under strong-wind conditions. This bias leads to a compressed response during high-flux events, with regression slopes significantly below unity. The bias is mainly attributed to the inadequate representation of coupled wind-wave-thermodynamic processes in the original COARE3.5 formulation. To reduce this bias, a multiplicative gain function is introduced while retaining the overall COARE3.5 framework. The gain function includes wind speed, air-sea temperature difference, air-sea humidity difference, a cold-air outbreak dummy variable, and wind-wave interaction terms. Model parameters are estimated using ordinary least squares. Model generalization is evaluated using time-blocked K-fold cross-validation (K = 10). The statistical significance of improvements in air-sea heat flux RMSE is assessed using 95% confidence intervals derived from Bootstrap resampling. Results indicate that the proposed multiplicative gain model shows robust statistical performance. For the full dataset, air-sea heat flux RMSE decreases by approximately 10–20%. During strong wind conditions (≥12 m/s) and cold-air outbreaks, air-sea heat flux RMSE reduction reaches 30–80%. These results effectively reduce the systematic underestimation and provide a practical approach for improving air-sea heat flux parameterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147944828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of environmental impacts for coastal aquaculture","authors":"Zhaoming Gao ,&nbsp;Xiangyue Li ,&nbsp;Xianjie Sui ,&nbsp;Jiale Li ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Xuanming Hu ,&nbsp;Wei Han ,&nbsp;Xiaoshang Ru ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Dong ,&nbsp;Yanli Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive coastal aquaculture, while essential for global food security, creates significant environmental pressures on marine ecosystems worldwide. As a representative case study of this global challenge, we evaluated the use of benthic foraminifera as bioindicators to assess the environmental impact of a high-density mariculture area in the Shandong Peninsula, China, where systematic biomonitoring using these sensitive organisms has been lacking. Sediment samples were collected from 15 stations along a gradient from an aquaculture wastewater outfall to a control site. We analyzed environmental variables and living foraminiferal assemblages, which totaled 5319 specimens belonging to 23 species. Results showed a clear spatial gradient of decreasing organic carbon, nutrient loading, and hypoxia with increasing distance from the internal impact zone (IIZ) of aquaculture. Along the environmental gradient, the species composition of benthic foraminifera also showed responsive changes. In the IIZ, benthic foraminiferal community was dominated by tolerant <em>Ammonia</em> species (especially <em>A. aomoriensis</em>), while other species (e.g., <em>Cribrononion gnythosuturatum</em> and <em>Quinqueloculina seminula</em>) were dominant in the surround and control stations. Both species richness and diversity of benthic foraminifera gradually increased with greater distance from the outlet gate of aquaculture wastewater. Furthermore, we found <em>A. aomoriensis</em> in IIZ exhibited smaller shell sizes and higher deformity rates, which indicated the physiological stress from aquaculture activity. This study confirmed benthic foraminifera as sensitive indicators (community structure, diversity indices, morphological responses) for assessing the environmental impacts of coastal aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147945389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Form roughness controls hydraulics on mussel banks in the Wadden Sea","authors":"Gianna Persichini,&nbsp;Knut Krämer,&nbsp;Marius Becker,&nbsp;Gabriel Herbst,&nbsp;Christian Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive Pacific oyster (<em>Magallana gigas</em>) has spread across the Wadden Sea, altering ecosystems and seabed characteristics. Like other ecosystem-engineers, oysters locally affect hydraulic properties of intertidal areas, particularly bed roughness, a key parameter for hydrodynamics and sediment transport. We compare the hydraulic effect of a sand bank and a neighbouring oyster bank using simultaneous Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements. Velocity profiles reveal logarithmic boundary layers near the seabed from which we determine roughness lengths. For sand surfaces, hydraulic roughness length (z₀ = 0.014 mm) can be related to the grain roughness. The oyster bank exhibits larger roughness (z₀ = 1.84 mm), consistent with exposed shell parts. On both banks a secondary logarithmic region suggests additional influence from larger-scale morphology, providing the first in-situ measurements that directly capture large-scale form roughness of oyster bank morphology in a natural setting. We discuss how hydraulic roughness depends not only on substrate type but also on larger roughness elements, reinforcing the need to quantify both for understanding and modelling of hydraulics and transport in the presence of mussel banks that are changing under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147945390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of communities and habitats in submarine canyons. The case study of the Avilés canyon system, southern Bay of Biscay","authors":"Augusto Rodríguez-Basalo ,&nbsp;Alberto Abad-Uribarren ,&nbsp;Pilar Rios ,&nbsp;Francisco Sánchez ,&nbsp;Javier Cristobo ,&nbsp;María Gómez-Ballesteros ,&nbsp;Elena Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2026.102674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the presence of vulnerable marine ecosystems and map their spatial distribution for conservation purposes, we conducted high resolution studies of macrobenthic species aggregations and habitats in the southern Bay of Biscay. The study area covers three submarine canyons and a rocky outcrop, and was sampled using non-invasive photogrammetric techniques. To study the community structure, we analyzed the aggregations of sessile macrobenthic species using hierarchical cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity index. The main groups obtained were cold-water corals accompanied by hexactinellid sponges, brisingids and black corals; aggregations of demosponges; a sedimentary habitat dominated by pennatulids; and two lower bathyal habitats, one dominated by <em>Acanthogorgia armata</em> and <em>Thouarella (Euthouarella) grasshoffi</em>, and another by the foraminifera <em>Syringammina</em> aff. <em>fragilissima</em>. To obtain their spatial distribution, we developed two-part hurdle models for each group by combining binomial presence–absence predictions with negative binomial density models of key species, identified by a similarity percentage analysis. Results indicated high densities of cold-water corals along the canyon walls and in deep biogenic and geogenic zones; sponge aggregations on shallow hard substrates, and high density of pennatulids, mainly <em>Kophobelemnon stelliferum</em>, in sedimentary areas. These findings provide an essential baseline knowledge for the implementation of on ecosystem-based management plans and conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 102674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}