Journal of South American Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Streamflow prediction based on the soil and water assessment tool in the Pajeú river basin, Brazilian semiarid","authors":"Thieres George Freire da Silva ,&nbsp;Ana Karlla Penna Rocha ,&nbsp;Alanderson Firmino de Lucas ,&nbsp;Gabriel Thales Barboza Marinho ,&nbsp;Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim ,&nbsp;Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ,&nbsp;Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ,&nbsp;Werônica Meira de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is considered highly important for developing strategies to conserve water resources and minimize environmental impacts, especially in places with low rainfall and high potential evapotranspiration, such as semiarid regions. In this context, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the ranking of the most sensitive parameters and the calibration and validation of the streamflow between 1976 and 2018 in the Pajeú river Basin using the SWAT hydrological model. The SUFI-2 algorithm, integrated into the SWAT-CUP software, was used for sensitivity analysis (SA), calibration (from 1976 to 1995), validation (from 1999 to 2018), and uncertainty analysis. Results showed that only seven parameters related to land use and land cover (initial SCS runoff curve number for moisture condition II – CN2), groundwater (baseflow alpha factor – ALPHA_BF, groundwater delay time – GW_DELAY, threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur – GWQMN, and groundwater “revap” coefficient – GW_REVAP), and runoff (slope length for lateral subsurface flow – SLSOIL and lateral flow travel time – LAT_TTIME) were considered the most sensitive and were subsequently calibrated. Thus, CN2 was reduced by 28%, consequently decreasing surface runoff. ALPHA_BF showed a slow response to recharge, while GW_DELAY affected groundwater discharge by 47 days. GWQMN increased by approximately 2586.9 mm, improving streamflow simulation. GW_REVAP, with a value close to zero, exhibited a reduction trend in the groundwater table during the dry season and in the upward movement of water to the root zone. The basin slope class ≤8% increased SLSOIL to 29.41 m, which in turn increased LAT_TTIME by 99.47 days. SWAT also simulated maximum streamflows associated with extreme precipitation events in an acceptable manner. The Floresta gauging station achieved more satisfactory performance, as observed in the percentage of observations covered by the 95% prediction uncertainty – 95PPU (P-factor), the average thickness of the 95PPU band divided by the standard deviation of the measured data (R-factor), the coefficient of determination (R²), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS), with respective values of 0.68, 1.05, 0.64, 0.63, and 6.5% for calibration. Therefore, investigating hydrological processes in this region allows for the development of water planning strategies, given the significant impacts on water resources and agricultural production, especially during drought events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a shallow aquifer in Acoculco geothermal area (Mexico) by applying Transient Electromagnetics","authors":"D. Ruiz-Aguilar ,&nbsp;C. Arango-Galván ,&nbsp;J.M. Romo-Jones ,&nbsp;E. García-Suárez ,&nbsp;L.E. Ochoa-Tinajero","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a characterization of the aquifer located in the Acoculco geothermal area in Mexico using Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) data. A total of 65 TEM soundings were collected, spatially distributed across the survey area, using a 100 × 100 m² single-loop configuration. The acquired TEM data were interpreted using one-dimensional Occam and Marquardt inversion techniques. At all stations, a three-layer model was sufficient to explain the data.</div><div>Prior to interpretation, we analyzed model uncertainties by evaluating parameter importance and equivalent models. The second and third layers are well resolved. The relatively more resistive second layer was correlated with the shallow aquifer of the area, whereas the deeper, more conductive layer was associated with the clay cap resulting from hydrothermal alteration, which acts as an impermeable unit.</div><div>To visualize the subsurface structures, we generated nine profiles by interpolating the information derived by the inversion, creating thus quasi-2D models across the survey area. This allowed us to better delineate the aquifer's configuration, identify its lateral boundaries, and detect zones of heterogeneity due to high clay content. The aquifer's thickness ranges from 150 to 200 m.</div><div>We conclude that our results are consistent with observations from the exploratory well EAC-1 and that TEM is a highly effective technique for hydrogeophysical exploration in a cost-efficient manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shallow landslide induced by soil strength deterioration: Serra da Aliança mountain range (SE Brazil)","authors":"Marcos Eduardo Hartwig ,&nbsp;Cleber Gonzales de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Prêntice Filho ,&nbsp;Rogério Pinto Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Lázaro Valentin Zuquette","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In southeastern Brazil, landslides are often associated with prolonged and/or intense rainfall events. The km 14 sign of the ES-177 road located in the Espírito Santo State (SE Brazil) was blocked by a large translational landslide (∼31,000 m³) that occurred in the driest month of 2018. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude and the spatial distribution of surface displacements and to investigate the underlying reasons that led to slope failure. The study included the compilation of existing data, remote sensing techniques such as visual satellite image interpretation and Digital Image Correlation (DIC), site reconnaissance, geotechnical data, and 2D numerical modeling. The slope encompasses highly weathered banded gneiss covered by residual soil. The landslide appears to have evolved in different stages. Surface displacements reached up to 10 m. The slip surface is made of a thin clay band consisting of expansive clay (montmorillonite). It is believed that time-dependent mechanisms reduced shear strength triggering the landslide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple provenance of inter-eruptive fluvial sandstones of the Albian Cerro Castaño Member, Patagonia","authors":"A. Martín Umazano ,&nbsp;Pablo M. Villegas ,&nbsp;Mauro I. Bernardi ,&nbsp;Leandro J. Amodeo ,&nbsp;Bruno C. Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105423","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Albian Cerro Castaño Member is a volcanogenic fluvial-alluvial succession deposited in the Somuncurá-Cañadón Asfalto Basin, extra-Andean Patagonia, Argentina. During the deposition of the unit, the basin was affected by recurrent volcaniclastic inputs from sources including either directly active volcanoes or secondary volcanogenic material from upstream positions. In this study, we analyzed the provenance of fluvial sandstones of the Albian Cerro Castaño Member, for which detailed palaeoenvironmental interpretations have been previously established suggesting accumulation during inter-eruptive phases. The methodologies included the petrographic analysis of thirty-seven thin sections with the definition of petrofacies, as well as U-Pb zircon dating of a tuff layer from the underlying stratigraphic unit, located approximately 2 m below the contact with the Cerro Castaño succession. The new U-Pb depositional-crystallization age of 114.86 ± 0.44/0.56 Ma is consistent with the previous geochronological framework and constrains the Cerro Castaño Member to the Albian. The fluvial sandstones are predominantly composed of volcanic lithic framework grains both effusive and volcaniclastic, spanning the acidic to basic geochemical spectrum, with subordinate quartz, feldspars, intraclasts, micas, olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and opaques. They were classified as feldspatho-lithic to quartzo-lithic, indicating provenance from tectonic settings associated with arc (both undissected and transitional) and recycled orogen sources. Four lithic petrofacies, designated A to D, were identified to distinguish sediment sources. The data indicate that the majority of samples from the western sector of the study zone are derived from volcanic rocks with effusive and explosive origin, with a minor contribution from mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks (petrofacies A). In contrast, samples from the eastern sector indicate a source-rock lithology dominated by siliceous rocks, similarly formed by effusive and pyroclastic eruptions but with minimal input from mafic to intermediate volcanic sources (petrofacies B). Additionally, specific samples from the western basin sector display a significant contribution of volcanic lithic grains, likely indicating substantial contributions of siliceous volcaniclastic sediments (petrofacies C and D). The combination of the information obtained with the literature data set, primarily comprising paleocurrents and paleogeological reconstructions, led to the conclusion that the principal source rocks are Jurassic intraplate volcanites, which are extensively distributed in extra-Andean Patagonia. In particular, the rocks of the Lonco Trapial and Marifil Formations constitute the main sources for sandstones in the western and eastern sectors of study zone, respectively. Furthermore, in the western localities, the subordinate participation of the Paleozoic-Triassic crystalline basement as source rocks was identified, as well as ","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Records of 2.9 G.a crustal anatexis on South American crust - Source and melt segregation in the Porteirinha Complex, Araçuaí Orogen (SE, Brazil)","authors":"Diogo Gabriel Sperandio ,&nbsp;Matheus Kuchenbecker ,&nbsp;Danilo Barbuena ,&nbsp;Amós Martini","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crustal anatexis is a key process in the evolution and differentiation of the crust. Many Archean terranes record a transition from typical sodic TTG magmatism to extensive calc-alkaline potassic magmatism, similar to modern ones. At SE Brazil, within the Araçuaí orogen, the Paleoarchean TTG orthogneisses (3.4 Ga) of the Porteirinha Complex (PC) are exposed as a basement inlier. These rocks document a evolution to a variety of migmatites during the Meso-Neoarchean (2.9 Ga). This study presents field data, microstructures, and geochemistry to investigate the petrogenetic processes related to the crustal anatexis of Paleoarchean TTG orthogneisses. The PC is the basement unit of the Porteirinha Block, an Archean crustal segment associated with the São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent. Field and petrographic structures reveal a gradual evolution from TTG orthogneiss to partially melted domains, characterized by distinct morphological changes. This progression includes the development of metatexite and diatexite, which reflects increasing degrees of partial melting and syn-anatectic deformation. As deformation progresses, it induces textural, mineralogical, and geochemical changes, with notable shifts in the composition of the rocks, culminating in a network of metatexite-diatexite transitions. Four main rock types are recognized in the PC: (i) orthogneisses; (ii) metatexites; (iii) diatexites; and (iv) amphibolite lenses. The REE content suggests isochemical processes during crustal anatexis, suggesting that PC migmatites may result from incomplete segregation with varying degrees of melt-residue separation. Typical water-fluxed melting reactions are recognized by Hbl + Plg + melt (Kfs-rich) phases and linked to P-T scenarios of amphibolite-granulite transition facies, marked by key-melting microstructures. Processes of crustal thickening, lithospheric delamination, and gravitational collapse are proposed as tectonic triggers for the melting of the orthogneiss protolith, generation of migmatites, and emplacement of Neoarchean BP granitoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching potential of heavy metals and metalloids in mining-impacted soils of central Mexico: Accelerated column tests and geochemical modeling","authors":"Luisa Fernanda Rueda-Garzón ,&nbsp;Alejandro Carrillo-Chávez ,&nbsp;Raúl Miranda-Avilés ,&nbsp;Maria Jesús Puy Alquiza ,&nbsp;Gabriela Zanor ,&nbsp;Margarita Ramírez-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Carolina Muñoz-Torres ,&nbsp;Pooja Kshirsagar ,&nbsp;Yanmei Li ,&nbsp;Xu Liao ,&nbsp;Daniela Kristell Calvo-Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Guanajuato mining district has been hosting mining operations for over 500 years. It was one of the most important Ag-Au producers in Mexico. Due to the naturally high concentration of heavy metals and metalloids (HM&amp;Ms) and different mineral recovery methods employed over time, the region shows high levels of HM&amp;Ms in stream sediments and soil, representing a potential environmental risk. This study aims to assess the HM&amp;Ms concentration in soils and investigate the mobility and leaching potential of these in soils affected by mining activities in the Guanajuato River basin (GRB), using accelerated leaching column tests and geochemical modeling. The research employed X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for soil characterization and assessed the geochemical interactions using PHREEQC modeling. Soil samples exhibited Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels exceeding the global soil averages, with contamination indices indicating moderate to significant contamination. Accelerated column leaching tests showed that soils in GRB have the potential to release Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Ni in low concentrations (&lt;1 mg/L) due to the stability of mineral phases and alkaline pH. However, soil leachates can precipitate clays and oxyhydroxides, which, at alkaline conditions, enhance their retention capacity and control HM&amp;Ms leachability. These findings highlight the importance of soil mineralogy, pH, time, and environmental interactions in the mobility, transport, and fate of HM&amp;Ms within the basin. This understanding can inform strategies to reduce contaminant migration, mitigate environmental impacts, and guide practical remediation efforts in the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the foothills of the Andes at the southern Chilean-Pampean flat subduction zone: The Cuyana Basin re-evaluated as a not-inverted basin","authors":"Andrea Aguilar ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Milana ,&nbsp;Andrés Folguera","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cuyana Basin is amongst the most mature hydrocarbon-productive basins of South America. However, there is an ongoing discussion about how basin-forming mechanisms (Triassic-Jurassic) encroached with deformative mechanisms (Paleogene- Neogene) to create the hydrocarbon plays that are productive until now. To find better answers to this dilemma, an unprecedented detailed study describing the structure and distribution of the main depocenters of the Cuyana Basin was carried out. This basin is the main oil-producing Triassic rift basin in Argentina, and its subsidence relates to the break up of southern Gondwana, while the oil reservoirs were generated in association with Andean uplift at these latitudes. For this purpose, we have used 3D seismic, profiles and borehole data from all the different depocenters of this basin, located at the foothills of the Southern Central Andes between 33° and 34°S. From the correlation between bore-hole data and the different reflectors of the 3D seismic data, we disclosed a more complex structure of this rift basin than previously determined. The 3D seismic analysis also served to distinguish synrift geometries, sag, and synorogenic facies, determining the existence of only one synrift stage, and not two synrift stages as proposed previously. Additionally, we have found that the Cuyana Basin has a longer sag evolution than previously described, including the Barrancas Formation in this stage. This finding served to prolong the extensional period of this rift basin from the Early Triassic to the Late Jurassic, hence overlapping its evolution to other neighboring sub-Andean rift depocenters. Pre-Andean E-W structures have accommodated limited strike-slip displacements in the order of 2.5 km, previous to the uplift of the Frontal Cordillera, to the west. This basin is incorporated into the Andean deformational front from at least the latest Miocene to the Pliocene-Quaternary forming the Cerrilladas Pedemontanas Belt, in the low foothills. From this analysis, the NNW Neogene compressional structures are mostly decoupled from the Triassic-Jurassic extensional architecture, suggesting this is not an inverted basin. While we interpret that rifting was controlled by basement Early Paleozoic accretional structures, Neogene ones were not coinciding with them, a fact that we portrayed with our 3D analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for estimating the coverage of a seismic network: RESNOM","authors":"F. Alejandro Nava ,&nbsp;Lenin Ávila-Barrientos ,&nbsp;Luis Munguía ,&nbsp;Maria A. Núñez-Leal ,&nbsp;Francisco Farfán","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new, simple, straightforward, and intuitive method for assessing the coverage of a seismic network, by estimating the minimum <em>measurable</em> magnitude, i.e., the magnitude corresponding to the smallest identifiable, and quantifiable signal, at any point of the region being monitored, is presented. The method takes advantage of the knowledge implicit in the magnitude determination scheme routinely used by the network, and uses the minimum measurable value of the parameter used at each seismic station to quantify the magnitude, which for different magnitudes may be maximum amplitude, duration, energy, etc. The method is illustrated by application to the RESNOM seismological network that monitors the seismically active region of north-western Baja California, Mexico, and uses synthetic Wood-Anderson seismograms to estimate <em>M</em>_<em>L</em> for small earthquakes. The results, besides identifying regions where more or better seismographic stations are needed, indicate that the observed groupings and gaps in the epicentral distribution are real features of the seismic processes in the region and not artifacts due to coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The juxtaposition of thick-skinned structures and their role on the present-day configuration of the Frontal Cordillera of northern Chile","authors":"F. Martínez,&nbsp;C. Arriagada,&nbsp;L. Díaz,&nbsp;P. Reyes,&nbsp;M. Vergara,&nbsp;C. Schultz,&nbsp;C. Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Frontal Cordillera of northern Chile is a natural laboratory for studying thick-skinned tectonics related to Andean orogenesis. This region preserves a series of structural and stratigraphic elements associated with Triassic and Jurassic rifting and extension, which preceded Andean mountain building, as well as various structural styles associated with tectonic inversion and reverse faulting. In this contribution, we analyzed the Tatul and La Totora basins to reveal the juxtaposition of different thick-skinned structures exposed in the region and thus understand their impact on the configuration of the Frontal Cordillera, a significant thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belt established on the western slope of the Central Andes. This study was supported on multiscale field data, geological maps, and structural cross-sections. We documented three structural styles: (a) inherited and non-inverted Triassic to Jurassic normal faults, (b) partially inverted Triassic to Jurassic normal faults, and (c) large thick-skinned reverse faults. The presence of inversion structures supports the idea that Mesozoic extensional structural and stratigraphic frameworks played a critical role during Andean contraction. Many of these structures accommodated crustal shortening, enabling the upward expulsion of Triassic and Jurassic syn-rift strata from depocenters. The presence of normal and inversion structures in the hanging walls of large reverse faults is key to interpreting the complex 3D structure of the Frontal Cordillera, where structures with varying geometries and kinematics are juxtaposed. This configuration suggests that reverse faults cut through and passively translated the pre-existing normal and inverted faults, creating a complex structural setting. This interpretation challenges the previous paradigm that thick-skinned reverse faults cut through undeformed crust, highlighting the importance of understanding structural inheritance from pre-Andean tectonic extension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recharge area estimation by block and mountain front for the Los Humeros Geothermal Field, Puebla, Mexico: Advancing the conceptual model","authors":"Thomas Gunter Kretzschmar ,&nbsp;José Alonso Aguilar-Ojeda ,&nbsp;Enrique Iñiguez ,&nbsp;Jorge Alejandro Ávila-Olivera ,&nbsp;Julio César Cañas-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Brenda Estela García-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Gabriela Michel Vara-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Los Humeros Geothermal Field in Mexico is recognized as one of the most important in the country due to its geological conditions and electricity generation capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new data for the conceptual model through remote analysis techniques, GIS tools, and hydrogeological exploration campaigns in the areas surrounding the geothermal field. The focus was on defining the area of the mountain front and the mountain block to estimate the potential recharge through these two components. It was determined that the potential recharge areas are located in the mountain fronts and mountain blocks of six subbasins surrounding the Los Humeros geothermal field, occupying an area of 5528 km². The estimated recharge of the mountain front and mountain block ranges between 199 and 3996 million cubic meters, depending on the infiltration rates considered (5% or 100% recharge). These estimates are similar to the recharge volume estimated by the Federal Electricity Commission. This scientific study provides new knowledge about the conceptual model of the Los Humeros geothermal field, specifically regarding the definition of recharge areas from mountain fronts and blocks. The findings contribute to a better understanding of recharge mechanisms in the geothermal field and have significant implications for the sustainable management of water resources in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 105411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}