{"title":"Paleoenvironmental stress in the Paraná Basin: Brachiopoda (Orbiculoidea) as proxies for Devonian biotic crises","authors":"Victor Rodrigues Ribeiro, Renato Pirani Ghilardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Devonian many sea-level fluctuations, anoxia, and biotic crises impacted marine faunas on a global and local scale. In southwestern Gondwana, these events can be identified by geochemical signatures, changes in the ichnofabric, and in the fossil assemblage. This study investigates the morphometric responses of brachiopods (<em>Orbiculoidea; O. baini</em>, <em>O. bodenbenderi</em>, and <em>O. excentrica</em>) to transgressive-regressive cycles and anoxic events (Basal Zlíchov, Choteč, Daleje and Kačák) through the Devonian of Paraná Basin. The Pragian-Emsian transgression, good paleoenvironmental conditions allowed brachiopods to reach a wide range of sizes, with large specimens (<em>e.g.</em>: dorsal valves of <em>O. baini</em>: 32.7 × 28.0 mm to 10.7 × 10.7 mm). Associated with the Basal Emsian Zlíchov Event, no significant size changes were detected during this transgressive event. However, the subsequent Choteč Event (Emsian-Eifelian) triggered an irregular pattern of growth lines, suggesting changes in the oxygenation and geochemistry of the basin waters. The peak of environmental stress occurred during the Eifelian-Givetian transgression (Kačák Event), leading to widespread anoxia and the “Lilliput Effect”. <em>O. baini</em> dorsal valves shrank by ∼90 % (15.7 × 15.1 mm to 5.2 × 5.9 mm), while <em>O. excentrica</em> exhibited similar dwarfing. Regional variations in growth patterns between northern and southern basins suggest localized paleoenvironmental stress and tropical water influx from the Parnaíba Basin. These findings highlight the differential impact of Devonian crises on brachiopods from the Paraná Basin, such as stable growth during transgressions, subtle ecophenotypic changes (pattern of growth lines) under moderate stress, and extreme size reduction during anoxia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105789"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genesis of sylvinite deposits in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil: Insights from bromine and chlorine signatures","authors":"Jackson de Jesus Passos , Adriane Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sylvinite is an evaporitic sedimentary rock formed by the precipitation of two minerals: sylvite (KCl) and halite (NaCl). In Sergipe State, this resource corresponds to evaporitic deposits developed during the transitional phase in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Cycle VII, Ibura Member, Muribeca Formation. There is no scientific consensus regarding the sylvinite deposit genesis in this basin. Therefore, this study aimed to identify whether the sylvinite from the Muribeca Formation was primary or secondary in origin. Macroscopic descriptions were conducted on core samples from exploratory drilling, along with bromine, potassium, and chlorine analyses on channel samples. Field-based geological mapping was conducted in underground galleries located in the municipality of Rosário do Catete, Sergipe. Results revealed bromine contents below values typically related to natural seawater evaporation, with only one sample displaying elevated levels. Additionally, a leached basal layer of carnallite and several carnallite lenses embedded in sylvinite were identified. Based on the obtained data, sylvinite in Sergipe-Alagoas Basin was classified mainly as secondary, formed by leaching of pre-existing carnallite, and associated with diagenetic changes and post-depositional transformations. Only a sylvinite primary layer was detected near the upper portion of Cycle VII. The depositional environment evolved from a coastal plain to a closed lagoonal environment, later transitioning into a semi-restricted lagoon system, and ultimately returning to coastal plain conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klaus Cardoso Oliveira Lima , Lorena Lima Ferraz , Gregório Matheus Santana , Ronaldo Lima Gomes , Carlos Amilton Silva Santos , Thais Barros Pereira , Raildo Mota de Jesus
{"title":"Integrated use of the analytical hierarchy process method for mapping areas susceptible to flooding in the urban area in a city in southwest Bahia, Brazil","authors":"Klaus Cardoso Oliveira Lima , Lorena Lima Ferraz , Gregório Matheus Santana , Ronaldo Lima Gomes , Carlos Amilton Silva Santos , Thais Barros Pereira , Raildo Mota de Jesus","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are a common natural disaster in Brazil, leading to financial losses, agricultural damage, urban infrastructure destruction, and human casualties. Therefore, mapping and assessing flood susceptibility are crucial for identifying vulnerable zones and implementing appropriate protection and mitigation measures. This study aims to map and identify flood-prone areas in the urbanized region of Jequié, a strategic municipality in Bahia due to its economic relevance, regional influence, and role as a hub for commerce, services, and transportation. Moreover, Jequié is frequently affected by extreme weather events, which reinforces its vulnerability to hydrological hazards. Used combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) technology with a multi-criteria decision-making approach, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Nine factors were considered, encompassing topographic, hydrological, geological, and anthropogenic aspects. The AHP was employed to weigh and combine these factors, generating a susceptibility index used to map the extent of the phenomenon through GIS techniques. The results indicated that approximately 60.48 % of the study area exhibited high to very high flood susceptibility, 24.01 % showed moderate susceptibility, and 15.52 % demonstrated very low to low susceptibility. The model's consistency value was 8.1 %, validating the results. These high-susceptibility areas are characterized by low slope and elevation, urbanized regions, proximity to rivers, poor soil drainage, insufficient drainage systems, high population density, and impermeable surfaces. The findings support flood risk assessment and management, providing a valuable tool for public decision-makers in municipal planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105778"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Almaraz , Donaldo M. Bran , Sebastián E. Vazquez Lucero , Sebastián Y. Principi , Alejandro A. Tassone
{"title":"“Landslide susceptibility and controlling factors: An assessment in the Fagnano Lake Basin”","authors":"Fernando Almaraz , Donaldo M. Bran , Sebastián E. Vazquez Lucero , Sebastián Y. Principi , Alejandro A. Tassone","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slope stability is controlled by multiple factors, including bedrock properties, topography, lithology, structural features, climate, and seismicity. However, their specific role in landslide dynamics remains poorly understood in many under-studied regions. This study presents the first comprehensive landslide inventory for the Fagnano Lake Basin, aiming to analyze the influence of these factors on mass movement processes. Using a GIS-based approach, we integrate seismicity, proximity to tectonic structures, lithology, and topography to assess their contribution to slope failures. Our susceptibility map correlates well with the spatial distribution of the 473 identified landslides, which include slides, flows, slope deformations, and falls, with flows being the most common. While shallow landslides occur frequently, deep-seated landslides cover larger areas and involve greater material displacement. Large-scale flows and slides dominate, whereas slope deformations have a more limited geomorphic impact. Seismic activity linked to the Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System (MFFS) plays a significant role in triggering shallow landslides, particularly in the Hope Mounts and western Fagnano Lake Basin. Our findings suggest that landslide occurrence results from complex interactions between tectonic, topographic, and seismic factors, particularly in the Sierras de Beauvoir and Hope Mounts. However, further investigation is needed to assess seismic influences on other MFFS structures with limited recent documentation. This research provides essential insights into landslide susceptibility in a region lacking prior comprehensive studies, emphasizing its importance for hazard assessment and mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.R.D. Carvalho , I.M. Aguiar , F.A. Temporim , R.P. Melo , E. Yokoyama , J.S.M Carneiro , R.M. Santiago
{"title":"Claras intrusion a slab break-off model for mafic–ultramafic igneous rocks in the south Brasília Belt: insights related to post-collisional magmatism","authors":"D.R.D. Carvalho , I.M. Aguiar , F.A. Temporim , R.P. Melo , E. Yokoyama , J.S.M Carneiro , R.M. Santiago","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensional phase of orogens records the evolution of the lithospheric mantle along convergent plate boundaries, spanning from pre- to post-collisional stages. Post-collisional mafic-ultramafic magmatism may represent the ascent of asthenospheric magmas during orogenic collapse and the contribution of metasomatized lithospheric sources in the final stages of orogenesis. The Águas Claras intrusion (AC), situated within the Arenópolis Magmatic Arc in the southern segment of the Brasília Belt (BB), constitutes part of a suite of Ediacaran post-collisional mafic-ultramafic intrusions. We present a detailed analysis of the AC intrusive body based on geological and the integration of new and available geochemical data. The lithotypes of the AC are petrographically identified as peridotites, pyroxenites, and norites. The samples are part of the tholeiitic series, with Mg enrichment. The magma that generated the analyzed rocks has heterogeneous mantle sources. The AC rocks have a mantle source related to the asthenosphere with little interaction with the lithospheric mantle. Through the results of this work the adiabatic decompression melting of the asthenosphere necessary for magmatism may have been triggered by some major tectonic disturbance of the subducted plate. Therefore, a slab break-off model is proposed for BB. This is in agreement with a review of BB that suggested a model in which in the period between approximately 660 and 620 Ma the evolution of the Arenópolis Arc was the result of alternating extension events associated with short episodes of plate tilting. These findings provide significant insights into the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the BB, supporting a slab break-off model as the principal mechanism for the generation of mafic-ultramafic magmatism during late Ediacaran times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Víctor Soto , Kenji Yoshikawa , Rafael Torres-Orozco , Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez , Hugo Delgado-Granados
{"title":"Reconstruction of thermal conditions during the Little Ice Age of a rock glacier in central Mexico","authors":"Víctor Soto , Kenji Yoshikawa , Rafael Torres-Orozco , Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez , Hugo Delgado-Granados","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As of today, there are few studies on the periglacial environment in Mexico, and the existing research is mostly limited to documenting the current permafrost distribution in the country's high mountain regions. The study of glacier coverage provides insights into both current and past climatic conditions. Although rock glaciers have been identified as relict landforms of the Mexican cryosphere, their characteristics under colder climatic conditions in the past have not been thoroughly documented. Since rock glaciers are the only visible indicators of mountain permafrost, it is essential to investigate their physical properties, whether current or historical. Accordingly, this study analyzes the temperature conditions of the main rock glacier in Mexico during the Little Ice Age, using a retrospective climatological approach. The findings suggest that at least the upper-middle section of the rock glacier was under permafrost conditions, with an estimated average internal temperature of −1.5 °C. It is further estimated that its glaciogenic origin is linked to one of the principal glacial ice tongues that covered the area during the transition from the Late Pleistocene to the early Holocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Holocene climate transitions, fossil dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the southern Gulf of California: Insights from the DIPAL IV core","authors":"Luis-Andrés Guerrero-Murcia , Javier Helenes","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports on the variability of fossil dinoflagellate cysts and their relationship with climatic and oceanographic changes during the Early Holocene in the Alfonso Basin in the southern Gulf of California. The integrated palynological and geochemical analysis of 100 sediment samples from the DIPAL IV core provides information from 12.7 to 10.8 ka BP. The laminated sediments were dated using C-14 analysis and examined for concentrations of dinoflagellate cysts and continental palynomorphs, as well as content of total organic carbon, iron, titanium, and biogenic opal. The appearance of thermophilic dinoflagellate cysts at the beginning of the Early Holocene implies a warming trend, while changes in terrigenous input indicate fluctuations in precipitation and nutrient availability. Multivariate analyses revealed two distinct dinoflagellate cyst ecological intervals, accounting for over 65 % of the observed variance across the Younger Dryas–Early Holocene. This study shows how climate influenced both land and marine ecosystems in the Gulf of California during the Early Holocene, and the results deepen our understanding of paleoceanographic changes in the region and provide a foundation for future modelling of ocean productivity and algal blooms under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lucía Balarino , Silvia N. Césari , Carlos O. Limarino
{"title":"Gzhelian-early Cisuralian palynofloras from the Panacán Formation, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina","authors":"M. Lucía Balarino , Silvia N. Césari , Carlos O. Limarino","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent decades have seen significant advancements in our understanding of the palynological aspects of the Carboniferous–Permian boundary in Gondwana. Postglacial successions of western Gondwana are characterized by a dominance of taeniate and sulcate pollen, primarily represented by genera such as <em>Illinites, Marsupipollenites, Pakhapites</em>, <em>Protohaploxypinus</em>, and <em>Vittatina</em>. Additionally, spores are represented by a limited number of taxa, including the key species <em>Converrucosisporites confluens</em> Morphon. These palynofloras are indicative of the <em>Pakhapites fusus</em>-<em>Vittatina subsaccata</em> Biozone (Gzhelian–early Cisuralian) defined for central-western Argentina. This study describes a new record of this biozone from Puesto Trapiche (San Juan province), one of the earliest known fossiliferous sites dating back to the 1890s. Two samples collected from the upper facies association of shales, mudstones, and fine-grained sandstones of the Panacán Formation, representing a brief transgressive event, were productive for the first time. The diverse composition of the assemblages allowed for the identification of over sixty species, enabling a closer correlation with other stratigraphic units in Argentina and other areas of Gondwana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 105781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva , Renata Andrade Reis , Lucas Benedet , Marcelo Mancini , Alvaro Andres Ramirez Palacio , Nilton Curi
{"title":"Modeling physical and chemical attributes of sandy soils using XRF spectrometry and machine-learning in southeastern and midwestern Brazil","authors":"Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva , Renata Andrade Reis , Lucas Benedet , Marcelo Mancini , Alvaro Andres Ramirez Palacio , Nilton Curi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil texture, fertility, and organic matter are important attributes for highly productive agricultural systems and must be appropriately determined/predicted. Proximal sensors such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) can provide accurate, fast, and green predictions of soil attributes through machine-learning models. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of XRF data and machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of physical and chemical attributes of sandy soils from southeastern and midwestern Brazil. Soil samples were subjected to XRF analysis and the resulting data was used to train six machine-learning algorithms. Trained models were accurate for clay and sand contents (R<sup>2</sup> between 0.78 and 0.91), except projection pursuit regression (PPR) for sand content. For silt predictions, the Cubist regression (CR) algorithm provided the best model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). Among soil fertility and organic matter attributes, the best performance was obtained for exchangeable Ca (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83). Predictions of CEC, H + Al, SOM, SB, pH CaCl<sub>2</sub>, V, m, P-rem, exchangeable Mg, and available Cu were accurate (R<sup>2</sup> between 0.70 and 0.80), and predictions of available Fe and K achieved R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.60 and 0.70 (moderately accurate). Predictions of P, exchangeable Al, and available Mn were not as accurate (R<sup>2</sup> between 0.50 and 0.60), and predictions of available B and Zn were not satisfactory (R<sup>2</sup> < 0.50). The low variation of soil parent material and the homogeneous climatic conditions favored accurate predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Central Andes structure (22°30′-23°30′): revisiting its crustal anatomy from geophysics, well and field data","authors":"Fernando Martínez , Emilio. A. Rojas Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an integrated, orogenic-scale study of the Central Andes (22°30′–23°30′S), supported by regional field data, 2D seismic profiles, and oil borehole data, aimed at determining the geometry and give some ideas about the kinematics of the crustal structures of the region. Based on this, we constructed a new balanced cross-section that explains the structural anatomy of the orogen. At the study latitudes, the orogen is characterized by an east-directed thrust system that includes both thick- and thin-skinned structural styles. Our model interprets at least five crustal-scale thick-skinned ramps as accommodating orogenic shortening. A significant tectonic transition is observed between the northern Puna and the southern Sub-Andean Range, where Andean deformation is transferred to the easternmost part of the orogen via shallow, thin-skinned thrust faults, thus forming an imbricated thrust system. The Andean forearc structure is dominated by doubly-verging reverse faults, which are related to the partial and/or full tectonic inversion of Permian to Jurassic half-graben structures. This inversion process led to the development of narrow, thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belts (e.g., the Domeyko Cordillera), intercalated with intermontane basins such as the Central Depression and the Salar de Atacama of northern Chile. In these areas, large thrust ramps uplifted Paleozoic pre-rift, Triassic, and Jurassic syn-rift strata, which are connected upward to shallow thrust faults that detach the cover from the basement. In the retroarc region, the structure of the Puna Plateau is dominated by large thick-skinned reverse faults, where Paleozoic rocks are elevated and placed on top of Cretaceous and Neogene strata. These structures are also interpreted as the result of the positive tectonic inversion of Cretaceous rift-related normal faults. A preliminary Pre-Andean shortening restoration of the entire orogen suggests that pre-existing west-dipping normal faults played a significant role during contraction by facilitating the location of major thrust ramps (like shortcut faults), resulting in approximately 73 km shortening for the segment analyzed in this study. While this value may be insufficient to explain the full construction of the Andean orogen, we suspect that some structures beneath the Central Depression, the innermost forearc, and the Puna remain concealed and poorly understood. Finally, we conclude that structural and stratigraphic inheritance strongly influenced the crustal anatomy of the orogen, as it created favorable conditions for the development of both thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 105776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}