Journal of Sport Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Individuals With Lateral Elbow Pain: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial.","authors":"Hasan Gercek, Bayram Sonmez Unuvar, Onur Aydoğdu, Ozlem Akkoyun Sert, Zubeyir Sari","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0237","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>In lateral elbow pain (LEP), it is important to improve pain, grip strength, and function. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) methods on pain, grip strength, and function in LEP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomized single-blind clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight adults with LEP were randomly assigned to the IASTM, ESWT, and control groups. Home exercise consisting of special static stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises was given to the control group. The ESWT group received a total of 8 sessions of ESWT in addition to home exercise. The IASTM group received a total of 8 sessions of IASTM in addition to home exercise. The visual analog scale for pain, hydraulic hand dynamometer for grip strength, and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation scale for functionality were used for assessment. Data were collected at baseline, after intervention, and at 4-weeks postintervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the treatment and the 4-week follow-up, a decrease in pain scores and improvement in muscle strength and functionality was detected in all 3 groups (P < .001). IASTM applications were more effective than ESWT and control groups in reducing pain both after application and at follow-up (P < .001), whereas ESWT application was also effective compared with the control group (P < .001). IASTM applications were more effective than the ESWT and control groups in reducing Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation total scores both after the applications and follow-up (P < .001). IASTM was more effective in grip strength than ESWT and control groups (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was determined that IASTM and ESWT treatments were effective in reducing pain and increasing grip strength and functionality in both the short and long term in patients with LEP. It was determined that IASTM treatment was superior to ESWT treatment in reducing pain and improving grip strength and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"725-732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Does Not Increase the Risk for a Future Concussion: A Unidirectional Phenomenon.","authors":"April L McPherson, Dirk R Larson, Matthew B Shirley, Malik E Dancy, Nathaniel A Bates, Nathan D Schilaty","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0030","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury after concussion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the reverse relationship exists, specifically whether there is an increased risk of concussion after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in a population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Rochester Epidemiology Project was searched between 2000 and 2017 for International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision codes relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of concussion and ACL tear. A total of 1294 unique patients with acute, isolated ACL tears and no previous history of concussion were identified. Medical records for cases were reviewed to confirm ACL tear diagnosis and to determine history of concussion after the ACL injury. Cases were matched by age, sex, and Rochester Epidemiology Project availability to patients without an ACL tear (1:3 match), resulting in 3882 controls. Medical records of matched control patients were reviewed to rule out history of ACL injury. The hazard ratio of concussion injury following an ACL injury was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine patients with an ACL injury suffered concussion up to 3 years after the ACL injury. The rate of concussion was no different between ACL-injured cases (0.7%) compared with matched controls with no ACL injury (1.2%), which corresponded to a hazard ratio of 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.1; P = .10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the current evidence, there does not appear to be a significant association between ACL injury and subsequent concussion, which suggests that a concussion uniquely affects the risk of future subsequent musculoskeletal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Nerve Versus Muscle Wide-Pulse High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation for Maximal and Submaximal Efforts.","authors":"Álvaro de Almeida Ventura, Denis César Leite Vieira, Luis André de Oliveira Soares, Júlia Aguillar Ivo Bastos, Nicolas Babault, Martim Bottaro, João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0216","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation hinges on the evoked torque level, which can be attained through either conventional (CONV) or wide-pulse high frequency (WPHF). However, the best electrode placement is still unclear. This study adopted a crossover design to compare the effects of WPHF applied to the tibial nerve trunk (N-WPHF) or muscle (M-WPHF) with CONV in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 participants (age: 22.4 [4.5]) were involved in 4 sessions. During each session, participants performed: 2 maximal voluntary contractions, 2 contractions at maximal evoked torque, and 2 contractions at submaximal evoked torque at 20% maximal voluntary contraction. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation intensity-evoked torque, efficiency, and discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a 1-way mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>N-WPHF and M-WPHF showed higher evoked torque than CONV (P = .002 and P = .036) and greater efficiency than CONV for maximal evoked torque (P = .006 and P = .002). N-WPHF induced higher efficiency than M-WPHF and CONV for submaximal evoked torque (P = .004). Higher discomfort was observed for both N-WPHF and M-WPHF for submaximal evoked torque compared with CONV (P = .003 and P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that WPHF applied at either the nerve or muscle could be the best choice for the maximal condition, whereas nerve application is preferred for the submaximal condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"717-724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire.","authors":"Jorge García-Rubio, Daniel González-Devesa, José Carlos Diz-Gómez, Ayán-Pérez Carlos","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0284","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This study aims to provide data on the reliability and validity of an adapted Spanish version of the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) when administered to Spanish athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 128 athletes (males n = 71; females n = 57). The tools used in this study were the APSQ; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine relative reliability, whereas standard error measurement and minimal detectable change were used to evaluate absolute reliability. Bland-Altman plots were employed to assess test-retest agreement and potential systematic bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data indicate that the Spanish version of the APSQ demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (α: .77-.85) and generally fair to good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: .702; 95% CI, .602-.780). Significant associations were found between the APSQ Spanish version and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (ρ = .64-.82), with fair to good agreement, whereas fair to moderate levels of agreement were established between the APSQ Spanish version and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (ρ = .53-.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of the APSQ Spanish version for mental health screening among Spanish athletes. However, the lack of absolute reliability raises concerns about its utility for assessing the effects of interventions aimed at improving mental well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"704-709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Distinctions: Computer Versus Sport-Specific Neurocognitive Tests.","authors":"Benedict Gondwe, Pieter Heuvelmans, Anne Benjaminse, Daniel Büchel, Jochen Baumeister, Alli Gokeler","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0304","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Traditional assessments of high-order neurocognitive functions are conducted using pen and paper or computer-based tests; this neglects the complex motor actions athletes have to make in team ball sports. Previous research has not explored the combination of neurocognitive functions and motor demands through complex tasks for team ball sport athletes. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the construct validity of agility-based neurocognitive tests of working memory (WM) and inhibition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven athletes (5 females; mean age 24.2 [4.7] y; height 183.6 [9.1] cm; body mass 77.5 [11.2] kg) participated in the construct validity assessments that included computer-based tests (working memory capacity and stop-signal reaction time) and sport-specific assessments performed on the SpeedCourt system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Construct validity analysis of sport-specific working memory yielded acceptable construct validity (r = .465, P < .05), whereas the sport-specific stop-signal task resulted in low construct validity (r = .179, P > .05). The poor construct validity results highlight the large variance between computer-based and sport-specific neurocognitive assessments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sport-specific assessments are more complex and include more degrees of freedom potentially due to athletes' center of mass displacement during task execution. These findings suggest that future research should focus more on the development of sport-specific assessments. These should include the cognitive and motor demands encountered during practice and competition, not use computer-based/pen and paper assessments for return to play decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"710-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze Stability Test Asymmetry Before and After Individualized Rehabilitation in Youth Athletes With Concussion.","authors":"Amy Alexander, Rachel Sweenie, Bradley Meacham, Jamie Pardini","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0105","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Concussion causes physiological disruptions, including disruptions to the vestibular and visual systems, which can cause dizziness, imbalance, and blurry vision. The vestibular ocular reflex functions to maintain a stable visual field, which can be measured using the gaze stability test (GST).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This preliminary study used retrospective chart review to examine changes in GST performance and asymmetry in a sample of 117 youth athletes with concussion (mean age = 14.51, SD = 2.08) before (T1) and after (T2) they completed a vestibular therapy program that included in-office treatment by a vestibular physical therapist and a customized home exercise program. Examples of exercises that may be assigned in the home exercise program during vestibular therapy are provided.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After examining descriptive information, changes in GST scores and asymmetry percentage between time points were compared via Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results were also compared descriptively with previously published findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant improvements in median GST in leftward and rightward direction head movements from T1 to T2 and a significant reduction in GST asymmetry (P < .001). Both GST in leftward and rightward direction head movements improved from 145.00 to 210.00°/s, which is above the 50th percentile in previously published literature with uninjured athletes. Asymmetry decreased from an average of 10.07% (SD = 7.89) to 4.11% (SD = 3.88), which is lower than in previously published literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concussion produces symptoms that vary among individuals and between injuries. GST velocity and asymmetry values provide objective data about an athlete's impairment and progress in recovery within the vestibular domain. This can aid in making clinical decisions on return to play progression and promote a successful and safe return to sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dynamic Warm-Up Improves Titleist Performance Institute Screen Scores in Adult Golfers.","authors":"Andrew Skibski, Pradeep Vanguri, Jeffrey R Stout, Christopher D Ingersoll, L Colby Mangum","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0193","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Guidelines for various movement assessments often instruct clinicians to conduct testing without a warm-up. Warm-ups are commonly performed to increase heart rate, decrease stiffness, and prepare for sport-specific demands. Since athletes typically complete a warm-up prior to sport participation, evaluating biomechanics in this condition may provide a better indication of their bodies' physical capabilities. The primary purpose of this study was to compare scores on the Titleist Performance Institute (TPI) screen before and after a dynamic warm-up in adult golfers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Twenty-four adult golfers (19 male/5 female, age 44.0 [15.4] y, height 171.3 [8.6] cm, weight 82.5 [16.3] kg, average 18-hole score 90.7 [10.3] strokes) completed a single-session crossover laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed the TPI screen, which included 15 simple tests scored based on their ability to properly complete the movement. Following a rest and washout period, participants performed a brief dynamic warm-up including exercises for the extremities and trunk, followed by 30 seconds of practice golf swings. Participants immediately retested the TPI screen, following the same procedures. Composite and individual test scores were compared before and after the warm-up with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and r effect sizes at a significance of P ≤ .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TPI composite scores were significantly higher following the warm-up (median: 36, interquartile range 31/40) than before the warm-up (median: 33, interquartile range 28/36) (P < .001), with a large effect size (r = .81).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a warm-up leads to higher scores on the TPI screen, and that an athlete's warm-up condition should be considered when interpreting their performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"449-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate and Short-Term Effect of Scapula Retraction Exercises on Subacromial Space: Do We Have Enough Evidence in Patients With Subacromial Pain?","authors":"Leyla Eraslan, Ozan Yar, Gazi Huri, Irem Duzgun","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0195","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Limited information exists regarding the immediate and short-term effects of scapula retraction exercises (SREs) on acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in subacromial pain syndrome (SPS). This study's 2 main objectives were to investigate (1) the immediate effect of the SRE on AHD at varying shoulder abduction angles in patients with SPS and healthy controls and (2) the effect of the 8-week SRE program on AHD in patients with SPS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional and pre-post intervention designs were utilized on this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one patients with SPS and age-matched healthy controls were included. First, AHD at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° of active shoulder abductions were recorded during (1) resting upper quadrant posture and (2) while participants were performing SREs. Patients then underwent an 8-week progressive SRE program. AHD measures, pain intensity (visual analog scale), and disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index) were recorded at baseline and 8 weeks. AHD were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. Pain and disability were analyzed using paired samples t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The immediate effect of the SREs revealed a significant angle-by-exercise-by-group interaction for the AHD values (F3,155 = 3.956, P = .009, ηp2=.175). Pairwise comparisons yielded that the SRE increased AHD values in patients with SPS (P < .05), yet it did not affect healthy controls (P > .05). Besides, the SRE program revealed a significant angle-by-time interaction for the AHD values (F3,054 = 9.476, P < .001, ηp2=.195). AHD increased at all elevation angles, and pain and disability improved over time (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SREs immediately affect AHD in patients with SPS but not in healthy populations. Moreover, SREs applied in progressive abduction angles improve pain, functionality, and AHD values in patients with SPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"536-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Concussion Management Policy Change Promoted Earlier Initiation of Rehabilitation Services and Improved Clinical Recovery Outcomes in Concussion.","authors":"Elizabeth F Teel, Danielle Dobney, Deborah Friedman, Lisa Grilli, Christine Beaulieu, Isabelle J Gagnon","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0097","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>In line with emerging research, an interprofessional specialty concussion clinic instituted a policy change permitting earlier physiotherapy-based treatment entry. Our objective was to determine the effect of this policy change on concussion recovery outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary analysis of prospectively collected clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>600 youth with concussion were included. Active rehabilitation was initiated ≥4 weeks (prepolicy) or ≥2 weeks (postpolicy) postconcussion based on institutional policy. Cox proportional hazard models, linear mixed models, and chi-square analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The postpolicy group (median = 22 d [interquartile range: 17-27]) started treatment earlier than the prepolicy group (median = 26 d [interquartile range: 24-30], P < .001). Length of episode of care (χ2(1) = 11.55, P < .001, odds ratios = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.88); rehabilitation (χ2(1) = 9.47, P = .002, odds ratios = 1.73, 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.45]); and total recovery (χ2(1) = 11.53, P < .001, odds ratios = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.88) were reduced in patients postpolicy change. A significant interaction effect was found for total postinjury symptom (F2,320 = 3.59, P = .03) and symptom change scores (F2,315 = 5.17, P = .006), with the postpolicy group having faster symptom resolution over time. No group differences were observed for persisting symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Earlier rehabilitation initiation occurred as intended following an institutional policy change, which had small, but significant, effects on recovery outcomes in youth with concussion. Health care providers should adopt policies to encourage early active rehabilitation services after concussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"308-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is in a Name? Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes With and Without a History of Concussion.","authors":"Hilary S Dunbar, Catherine C Donahue, Luzita Vela, Jason Freeman, Jacob E Resch","doi":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0107","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jsr.2024-0107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Athletes with a history of concussion (CON) have been demonstrated to have heightened levels of anxiety and depression that may continue well beyond the resolution of concussion symptoms. The global events of 2020 resulted in elevated levels of anxiety and depression in the general population, which may have unequally presented in collegiate athletes with (CON) than those without a history of concussion (NoCON). Using a deception design, our survey-based study compared levels of anxiety and depression in CON and NoCON collegiate athletes in response to the pandemic and social injustices. We hypothesized that the CON group would have significantly elevated anxiety and depression as compared to the NoCON group in response to events of 2020.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>Collegiate athletes (N = 106) during the academic 2020-2021 academic year were divided into CON and NoCON groups based on their preinjury (baseline) concussion assessment. Participants completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SSRS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) via an electronic survey pertaining to the events of 2020. The term \"concussion\" was not used in any study materials which was the basis for our deception-based design. An analysis of covariance was used to compare group CES-D and GAD-7 outcome scores while controlling for the SSRS outcome score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our survey response rate was 14.2% (48/337 [77.1% female]) and 10.1% (58/580 [67.2% female]), for the NoCON and CON groups, respectively. The NoCON group had significantly (F1 = 5.82, P = .018, ηp2=.06) higher anxiety (8.3 [5.89]) as compared to the CON group (5.5 [2.85]). The NoCON group also had significantly (F1 = 13.7, P < .001, ηp2=.12) higher levels of depression (21.0 [12.52]) as compared to the CON group (16.07 [9.10]).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our deception-based study revealed NoCON participants had elevated and clinically relevant mood states as compared to CON participants in response to the events of 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":50041,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}