Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Long-acting Parenteral Analgesics for Mice and Rats.","authors":"Monika K Huss,&nbsp;Cholawat Pacharinsak","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate analgesia is a crucial part of rodent postoperative and postprocedural pain. Providing appropriate analgesia is an ethical obligation, a regulatory requirement, and an essential element of obtaining quality scientific results and conducting reproducible data. Meeting these requirements is facilitated by practical, efficient and safe delivery methods for providing analgesia. Over the last decade, long-acting analgesics have gained widespread use in research animal medicine to avoid or treat postoperative or postprocedural pain while minimizing handling-related time and stress. Long-acting formulations of analgesics suitable for rodents are available for opioids, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics. The goal of this review is to summarize the currently available long-acting formulations of analgesics for rodents and to provide recommendations to veterinarians and researchers regarding their use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732779/pdf/jaalas2022000595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Floor Cleaning and Disinfection Processes in a Research Animal Facility.","authors":"Vittoria M Capria,&nbsp;Max O Fernandez,&nbsp;Mary M Walker,&nbsp;Valerie K Bergdall","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Floor cleaning and disinfection are essential components of maintaining animal health status and meeting regulatory requirements in research vivaria. However, best practices for method, frequency, and evaluation techniques have not been established. Reuse of cotton string mop and bucket systems has been implicated in spreading contamination in the human hospital setting. We evaluated 4 different combinations of disinfectant and mop systems commonly used in rodent vivaria. Eight housing rooms were mopped a total of 4 times using one of the following methods: quaternary ammonium compound (QUAT) and cotton string mop (QC), QUAT and microfiber mop (QM), hydrogen peroxide disinfectant (HPD) and cotton string mop (HC), or HPD and microfiber mop (HM). ATP and RODAC samples of the floor were taken before and after mopping. The time to mop each room, floor drying time, and the amount of disinfectant used were recorded. The QC method was associated with significantly more bacterial contamination while all other methods significantly reduced bacterial contamination. The QC method performed significantly worse in reducing bacterial contamination as compared with all other methods when cotton mop heads were reused. All methods except QC significantly reduced ATP levels, with the HC and HM methods being significantly more effective at reducing ATP levels than the QC and QM methods. Costs were similar for the QC, QM, and HM methods. The results of this study indicate that reuse of cotton string mop heads with QUAT increases floor contamination while HPD is effective for up to 3 reuses. Single use microfiber mops were effective with both QUAT and HPD but did not result in more effective cleaning or disinfection than cotton string mops.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"644-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732774/pdf/jaalas2022000644.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9749332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bedding Substrates on Blood Glucose and Body Weight in Mice.","authors":"Sylvia Y Kondo,&nbsp;Jasmine Kropik,&nbsp;Michael Adly Wong","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differences in cage microenvironments may contribute to variation in data and affect the outcome of animal studies involving metabolic diseases. To study this, we compared the effects 3 types of bedding-corncob bedding, hardwood bedding, and hardwood bedding plus a cardboard enrichment item-on baseline fasting and nonfasting blood glucose and body weight in mice. Mice housed on corncob bedding showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose than did mice housed on hardwood bedding, with or without the enrichment item. None of the groups showed an effect of bedding type on nonfasting blood glucose levels or body weight. This information informs the choice of bedding substrates for studies that measure fasting blood glucose and potentially mitigates a variable that could confound research outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"611-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732771/pdf/jaalas2022000611.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Refinement of a Spot-change-only Cage Management System for Mice.","authors":"Tim Jones, Tanayott Thaweethai, Denise Molk, Laurie Ingram, Lori S Palley, Donna Jarrell","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000023","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maximizing operational efficiency while maintaining appropriate animal housing conditions is a continuous focus of research animal care programs. Our institution's longstanding approach to cage-change management included scheduled cage changes every 2 wk, with spot changes if cages met established visual criteria during the intervening period. This 2-wk plus spot changing (2WS) practice for mice housed in IVC was problematic during the COVID-19 pandemic when the need arose to minimize workload to reduce on-site staffing out of concern for employee health and possible absenteeism. With the approval of the IACUC, a spot-change-only (SCO) process was adopted, with the requirement to evaluate microenvironmental parameters under both practices to confirm acceptable equivalence. These parameters (humidity, temperature, and ammonia) were evaluated in a controlled study that found no significant difference between the 2 groups. Ammonia levels did not exceed 10 ppm in any group throughout the study. To assess operational differences between these 2 approaches, we collected cage-change data and employee feedback from facilities operating under these schemes. The SCO method required fewer cage changes than did the 2WS method (10.3% per day with 2WS and 8.4% per day with SCO). Despite this benefit, through a Plan-Do-Check-Act process that has been regularly employed at our institution, employee feedback identified important operational challenges associated with the SCO practice. The SCO approach was thus refined into a scheduled spot change (SSC) practice that builds on the SCO model by incorporating a scheduled focused cage evaluation period. Based on subsequent feedback, the SSC was found to retain the efficiency benefits afforded by the SCO model and simultaneously alleviated staff and operational concerns. This result underscores the importance of integrating staff feedback with a performance standard-based approach when assessing cage-change management.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"650-659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732769/pdf/jaalas2022000650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Ambient Sound, Vibration, and Light in Rodent Housing Rooms.","authors":"Amanda J Barabas,&nbsp;Amanda K Darbyshire,&nbsp;Sylvia L Schlegel,&nbsp;Brianna N Gaskill","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive sound, vibration, and light are detrimental to rodent welfare, yet these parameters are rarely recorded in vivaria. Whether housing environments exceed the suggested thresholds and which specific factors may alter these parameters is generally unknown. The goal of this study was to determine how environmental factors may alter sound, vibration, and light at the room and cage levels. Measurements were made using an ultrasonic microphone, accelerometer, and light sensor. Measurement sites were 1) in open air at a central location in 64 rooms located in 9 buildings, and 2) inside an empty mouse or rat cage containing chow, water, and bedding and located on an animal transfer station (<i>n</i> = 51) or housing rack (<i>n</i> = 102). Information collected for each transfer station and rack measurement included the year of manufacture, the species on the rack, and the number of cages on the rack. For each location, a baseline measurement was taken with the transfer station turned off, followed by another measurement after the transfer station was turned on. In general, many factors influenced ambient sound, vibration, and light, indicating that values are not uniform across rodent rooms in the same institution or across cages in a single room. Sound peaks capable of startling rodents were measured in association with hallway ultrasonic motion sensors and during cage change. Vibration and light intensity were generally low when cages were located on the rack. In contrast, active transfer stations had more vibration and light intensity, reaching levels that were potentially stressful for rodents. These data reflect the ambient sound, vibration, and light that rodents experience during normal facility operations. These patterns may extend to other locations, but given the variability in all parameters, the data highlight the need for institutions to conduct their own monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"660-671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732772/pdf/jaalas2022000660.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CO₂ Euthanasia of C57BL/6 Mice on Sperm Motility, In Vitro Fertilization, and Embryonic Developmental Competence.","authors":"Samantha A Gerb,&nbsp;Cansu Agca,&nbsp;Lynlee Stevey,&nbsp;Yuksel Agca","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryopreservation of epididymal sperm collected after euthanasia is a common method to preserve and distribute valuable mouse models worldwide. However, the euthanasia method used prior to sperm collection must not adversely affect sperm quality. The most common method of euthanasia in mice is CO₂ asphyxiation, but its effect on the quality of sperm collected postmortem is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of CO₂ euthanasia of C57BL/6 mice on both freshly recovered sperm and sperm subjected to freezing and thawing. First, sperm concentration, progressive motility, curvilineal velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), and progressive velocity (VSL) were analyzed for mice euthanized by cervical dislocation (CD), high flow CO₂ (100%), or low flow CO₂ (30%) displacement/minute, respectively. Then, <i>in-vitro</i> fertilization and embryonic development rates were determined using frozen-thawed sperm from each euthanasia method. Neither fresh nor frozen-thawed sperm showed significant differences in sperm concentration, progressive motility, VAP, or VCL when compared to CD and CO₂ groups. However, frozen-thawed sperm collected from CD mice had higher VCL values than did those collected from the low flow mice (<i>P</i> = 0.039). VCL was not different in fresh or frozen-thawed sperm collected after mouse euthanasia by CD as compared with high flow CO₂ or by high flow as compared with low flow CO₂. Frozen-thawed sperm showed no differences among the 3 euthanasia groups for fertilization (<i>P</i> = 0.452) or blastocyst development rates (<i>P</i> = 0.298). The results indicate that CO₂ euthanasia can be used as an alternative to CD to obtain optimal quality mouse sperm for cryopreservation while remaining compliant with welfare requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"603-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732780/pdf/jaalas2022000603.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compassion Fatigue and Coping Mechanisms of Laboratory Animal Professionals from Europe, China, and Japan.","authors":"Carly I O'Malley,&nbsp;Carly M Moody,&nbsp;Adrian Foster,&nbsp;Patricia V Turner","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory animal professionals (LAP) may experience situations that contribute to compassion fatigue (CF). The goal of this research was to better understand CF in LAP in and across employment categories. Surveys were distributed through LAP organizational listservs in the European Union (EU), China, and Japan, and results were analyzed to identify CF prevalence, personal and work-related factors, coping mechanisms, and beneficial work-support programs. Independent χ²-tests compared personal and work-related factors and feelings of CF. Feelings of CF and coping mechanisms were compared with personality scores using independent sample <i>t</i> tests. There were 302 respondents from the EU, 39 from China, and 77 from Japan. Over half of respondents from the EU (52%) and China (56%) reported experiencing CF (52%), with fewer (32%) reporting CF in Japan. No major differences were found based on employer type. Personality scores were significantly related to feelings of CF and preferred coping mechanisms. Work-related factors that contributed to feelings of CF in over half of respondents included staffing levels, workplace relationships, and availability of programs geared to address CF. Across regions, talking to someone, physical activity, getting away from work, and self-care were effective coping mechanisms in over 50% of respondents. Fewer than 30% of respondents indicated that their place of employment had CF support programs, and even fewer (8% to 28%) indicated that these programs were helpful. The study results suggest that to be effective, employer CF programs for LAP should consider providing quiet places at work and programs for self-care, promoting physical and mental health and social support systems, and establishing opportunities to memorialize animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 6","pages":"634-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732770/pdf/jaalas2022000634.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Ammonia Levels in Mouse and Rat Disposable IVC Removed from Mechanical Ventilation.","authors":"Rose A Keenan, Renee N Rogers, Caroline B Winn","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000028","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintenance of an appropriate microenvironment for rodents used in research is of paramount importance because changes in environmental parameters such as O₂ and humidity can influence animal health and welfare and potentially alter research results. Here we evaluated the microenvironment of mouse and rat disposable cages after removal from mechanical ventilation in order to guide recommendations for their use. Cages with sealed IVC lids, unsealed lids (partially ajar), and lids without the exhaust filter (for rats) or static lids (for mice) were removed from the ventilated rack and were thereafter monitored CO₂, O₂, and NH₃ levels. For mice, effects were investigated under both standard (set point of 72°F/22°C) and thermoneutral (set point of 82°F/28°C) temperatures. When IVC with sealed lids and group-housed C57BL/6J male mice were removed from ventilation under standard temperatures, CO₂ started at 6,600 ± 265 ppm at 0 h and rose to 42,500 ± 7,263 ppm at 1 h, with mice showing a visibly elevated respiratory rate in 1 of the 3 cages; CO₂ stabilized at 26,150 ± 3,323 ppm at 8 h. In contrast, CO₂ levels in cages with single mice were stable after 1 h (1,350 ± 409 ppm at 0 h, 9,367 ± 802 ppm at 1 h, and 8,333 ± 1,115 ppm at 8 h). Findings were similar at thermoneutral temperatures: sealed group-housed mice cages started at 3,617 ± 475 ppm at 0 h and rose to 39,333 ± at 5,058 ppm at 1 h, whereas sealed cages with 1 mouse started at 1,117 ± 247 ppm at 0 h and were 7,500 ± 1,997 ppm at 8 h. IVC with sealed lids and pair-housed Crl:CD(SD) female rats rose to 48,000 ± 2,828 ppm CO₂ and over 70% humidity within 1 h. By 3 h, IVC with sealed lids and singly housed rats had 40,167 ± 5,132 ppm CO₂, and rats were displaying a visually elevated respiratory rate. O₂ levels had an inverse relationship with CO₂ levels. Removing the rat lid exhaust filter was not helpful. However, leaving the IVC lid ajar ameliorated the rise in CO₂ and fall in O₂ for both species. Therefore, IVC with sealed lids and group-housed mice should not be removed from ventilation more than 1 to 2 h; IVC containing pair- or singly-housed rats IVC should not be removed for more than 1 or 3 h, respectively. Whenever possible, such cages should be fitted with static lids, left partially ajar and monitored, or replaced on ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 5","pages":"432-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536826/pdf/jaalas2022000432.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9360047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Ketamine or Xylazine to Provide Balanced Anesthesia with Isoflurane in C57BL/6J Mice.","authors":"Emily M David,&nbsp;Cholawat Pacharinsak,&nbsp;Katechan Jampachaisri,&nbsp;Lisa Hagan,&nbsp;James O Marx","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balanced anesthesia-the use of a combination of drugs to achieve a desired anesthetic plane-offers many benefits, including smoother induction and recovery and fewer adverse effects than occur with individual drugs. Although premedication prior to inhalant anesthesia is routine in other species, mice are commonly induced with gas anesthesia alone. The hypothesis of this study was that premedication with ketamine or xylazine would safely reduce the stress of isoflurane induction and lower the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane. Young adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were premedicated with ketamine (100 mg/kg), xylazine (4 mg/kg), or isotonic crystalloid (0.1 mL) and were used in 4 experiments. First, isoflurane induction was video recorded under all test conditions, and the videos were scored according to a behavioral ethogram to identify signs of distress. Mice in the ketamine group experienced tremors and ataxia before and dur- ing induction. Therefore, ketamine was given after induction with isoflurane in subsequent experiments. Second, the MAC value for each anesthetic protocol was determined by using quantal and bracketing analysis. Third, mice were anesthetized according to the 3 protocols, and vital parameters were monitored for 60 min. Finally, anesthetized mice were challenged with hypoxia and hypovolemia, and vital parameters were monitored. Premedication with xylazine significantly reduced the stress scores for isoflurane induction (control, 7.3 ± 1.5; ketamine, 6.0 ± 3.0; xylazine, 3.1 ± 1.0). Ketamine and xylazine both reduced the MAC of isoflurane (control, 1.89%; ketamine, 0.96%; xylazine, 1.20%). All mice survived 60 min of anesthesia and the hypoxia-hypovolemia challenge. Premedication with xylazine reduced the stress of induction and lowered the necessary dose of isoflurane in C57BL/6J mice to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia. We recommend administering xylazine before isoflurane induction and anesthesia of healthy mice that are undergoing procedures in which 100% oxygen is provided and anticipated blood loss is less than 10% to 15% of the total blood volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 5","pages":"457-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536832/pdf/jaalas2022000457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Active Warming and Surgical Draping for Perioperative Thermal Support in Laboratory Mice.","authors":"Kaitlyn T Bailey,&nbsp;Sanket R Jantre,&nbsp;Frank R Lawrence,&nbsp;F Claire Hankenson,&nbsp;Jacquelyn M Del Valle","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgical procedures are commonly performed using mice but can have major effects on their core body temperature, including development of hypothermia. In this study, we evaluated active perioperative warming with and without surgical draping with adherent plastic wrap to refine practices, improve animal welfare, and optimize research experiments. Mice were randomized into treatment groups (<i>n</i> = 6; 8 CD1 mice per group). Treatments included placement within a small-animal forced-air incubator at 38 ° C for 30 min before surgery (Pre), after surgery (Post), or before and after surgery (Both). To explore the effect of surgical draping, one group received incubator warming before and after surgery in addition to surgical draping (Both/ Drape), whereas another group received surgical draping only without incubator warming (Control/Drape). The final group of mice received neither warming nor draping (Control). Subcutaneous temperature transponders were placed in all mice. Approximately 5 d after transponder placement, mice were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine and underwent laparotomy. Subcutaneous body temperatures were collected perioperatively from transponders, and rectal temperatures were taken every minute during surgery. For recovery from anesthesia, mice were placed either in a standard cage on a warm water blanket set to 38 °C (100.4 °F) or in the incubator. Subcutaneous body temperatures were significantly higher in mice prewarmed for 30 min (Pre, Both, Both/Drape) as compared with mice that were not prewarmed. Anesthetic recovery times were significantly longer for mice placed in the incubator (Pre, Post, Both, Both/Drape) than for those that did not receive incubator warming (Control, Control/Drape). Mean intraoperative rectal temperatures of Both/Drape mice tended to be greater than those of mice in the Both group, suggesting a warming benefit of surgical draping. Using a forced air incubator and adherent plastic draping mitigated body temperature loss in mice during both surgery and postoperative recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":50019,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","volume":"61 5","pages":"482-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536828/pdf/jaalas2022000482.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9360048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}