Journal of the American Helicopter Society最新文献_第8页

Rotorcraft Design: The Crucial Influence of Safety from Concept to Fleet Support The 41st Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture 旋翼机设计:从概念到机群保障对安全的关键影响第41届亚历山大·a·尼古拉基荣誉讲座

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.021001

F. Nannoni

{"title":"Rotorcraft Design: The Crucial Influence of Safety from Concept to Fleet Support The 41st Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture","authors":"F. Nannoni","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.021001","url":null,"abstract":"It is an immense honor to have been selected to hold the prestigious 41st Nikolsky Lecture and to have the opportunity to synthesize my experiences with regards to the most important principle that permeates aeronautical engineering—“the concept of safety.” Having worked in the rotary-wing field for 39 years, with growing levels of involvement and responsibilities, I have been involved in the design, development, and certification of many helicopter models at the Leonardo Helicopters Division (LHD; formerly Agusta and then AgustaWestland), such as A109, A119, EH101, A129, NH90, AW609. More recently, I had the full responsibility of design, development, certification, and entry into service of three new helicopter types within the “AW Family concept”, specifically the AW139, AW189, and AW169. I am profoundly grateful for the mentors encountered in my professional life—Bruno Lovera and Santino Pancotti, both of whom were also honored with the Nikolsky Lectureship. In working with them, not a single day passed where the word “safety” was not mentioned. They taught me that “safety” shall be the mantra of every aeronautical engineer because it is our principal duty and responsibility, towards those who travel in, work on, and work with our products and entrust their lives to our work and professionalism daily. I have tried hard never to forget this lesson, and to convey this to the young engineers that I have had the chance and pleasure to work with. If I have been able to pass on this lesson successfully, through my work with others through this lectureship, it would be the greatest achievement of my life. In this vein, this paper is organized in three parts: (i) definitions and principles, along with some “philosophical” concepts; (ii) the application of these principles at Leonardo in the design of the latest generation of helicopters, and finally (iii) a discussion of emerging “safety technologies” that promise to improve the safety of future helicopters and operations.","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70216958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flight Control Technology Advancements and Challenges for Future Rotorcraft 40th Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture 未来旋翼机的飞行控制技术进步与挑战第40届亚历山大·a·尼古拉基荣誉讲座

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.041001

M. Tischler

{"title":"Flight Control Technology Advancements and Challenges for Future Rotorcraft 40th Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture","authors":"M. Tischler","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.041001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.041001","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of my 40th Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture and journal paper is to highlight the key flight control technology advances of the past 50 years and demonstrate how these advances are being applied and extended to the new family of rotorcraft: modern high-speed military rotorcraft, eVTOL urban air mobility, and advanced air mobility aircraft. The first part of this journal paper reviews flight control technologies drivers that are unique to rotorcraft and highlights key advances of the past 50 years in the areas of handling-qualities requirements (ADS-33), physics-based models, system identification, and flight control. A central theme is the shift from time-domain to frequency-domain based characterization of the closed-loop response and design methods for rotorcraft that have become increasingly dependent on sophisticated feedback control systems to achieve closed-loop stability, disturbance rejection, and most importantly closed-loop handling-qualities response for all-weather operations. Frequency-domain analysis, design, and test methods of the past 50 years are highlighted relating key advances in each discipline and two integrated example success stories. In the second part of this paper, we consider the key challenges, advancements, and needed future research for four new classes of rotorcraft: the military future vertical lift family of high-speed rotorcraft, unmanned autonomous systems/urban air mobility based on fielded conventional helicopters, small electric VTOL unmanned aerial vehicle rotorcraft, and larger eVTOL urban air mobility rotorcraft. The next sections look across the challenges and solution spaces that are common to these four new classes of rotorcraft as a blueprint for needed research advances. Finally, this paper takes a step back and considers the lessons-learned and key takeaways from the author's perspective as a career-long flight control engineer/researcher, Flight Control Technology Group leader, and senior technologist.","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70217889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rotorcraft Lateral-Directional Oscillations: The Anatomy of a Nuisance Mode 旋翼飞机横向方向振荡：一种干扰模式的剖析

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.66.042009

Dheeraj Agarwal, Linghai Lu, G. Padfield, M. White, N. Cameron

{"title":"Rotorcraft Lateral-Directional Oscillations: The Anatomy of a Nuisance Mode","authors":"Dheeraj Agarwal, Linghai Lu, G. Padfield, M. White, N. Cameron","doi":"10.4050/jahs.66.042009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.042009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High-fidelity rotorcraft flight simulation relies on the availability of a quality flight model that further demands a good level of understanding of the complexities arising from aerodynamic couplings and interference effects. One such example is the difficulty in the prediction of the characteristics of the rotorcraft lateral-directional oscillation (LDO) mode in simulation. Achieving an acceptable level of the damping of this mode is a design challenge requiring simulation models with sufficient fidelity that reveal sources of destabilizing effects. This paper is focused on using System Identification to highlight such fidelity issues using Liverpool's FLIGHTLAB Bell 412 simulation model and in-flight LDO measurements from the bare airframe National Research Council's (Canada) Advanced Systems Research Aircraft. The simulation model was renovated to improve the fidelity of the model. The results show a close match between the identified models and flight test for the LDO mode frequency and damping. Comparison of identified stability and control derivatives with those predicted by the simulation model highlight areas of good and poor fidelity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Aerodynamic Optimization of the Sizing and Blade Designs of Hovering Corotating Coaxial Rotors 悬停同轴旋翼尺寸与叶片设计的气动优化

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.025012

Keen Ian Chan

{"title":"Aerodynamic Optimization of the Sizing and Blade Designs of Hovering Corotating Coaxial Rotors","authors":"Keen Ian Chan","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.025012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.025012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Corotating coaxial rotors are seeing renewed interest in distributed electric propulsion systems and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The recent literature reports many interesting investigations, using prescribed rotor blades, into the flow phenomena as well as aerodynamic and aeroacoustic benefits of corotating rotors. However, the subject of the design of blade geometries, optimized to a design goal, for corotating rotors is currently lacking in the literature. This paper is written from such a design perspective, by extending a previous generalized approach to the aerodynamic optimization of counterrotating rotors to corotating rotors. The previous requirement for upper and lower counterrotating rotor torques to be equal can now be lifted in the case of corotating rotors, enabling improved versatility in the optimization of corotating blade designs. The optimization is demonstrated on an application example to address the conflicting conditions that index angles (high) for aeroacoustic benefits of reduced noise are at odds with those (low) for aerodynamic efficiency. The approach demonstrated in this paper is to set the index angle for reduced noise and then recover back the aerodynamic efficiency by using the newly developed aerodynamic optimization technique.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fidelity Enhancement of a Multirotor Dynamic Inflow Model via System Identification 多转子动态流入模型的系统辨识保真度增强

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.022009

Feyyaz Guner, J. Prasad, Chengjian He, D. Peters

{"title":"Fidelity Enhancement of a Multirotor Dynamic Inflow Model via System Identification","authors":"Feyyaz Guner, J. Prasad, Chengjian He, D. Peters","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.022009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Multirotor analytical dynamic inflow models in the literature, such as pressure potential superposition inflow model or velocity potential superposition inflow model (VPSIM), have been shown to capture the fundamental inflow interference effects between the rotors. Some of the differences in inflow predictions seen between these analytic models and high-fidelity wake models are attributed to missing real flow effects such as wake distortion, contraction, decay, swirl, etc. As such, correction terms are needed in the analytically derived multirotor finite-state inflow models, because of the potential flow and rigid wake assumptions they are based on, in order to capture some of the missing real flow effects in them. This paper develops a systematic methodology for arriving at the needed correction terms in the VPSIM through comparisons of its inflow predictions with those of a viscous vortex particle model (VVPM). Also, a procedure is developed to assess the relative importance of individual real flow effects and the associated corrections needed for improving the overall fidelity of the VPSIM. The developed methodology is applied to the Harrington coaxial rotor using its geometric and aerodynamic data from the literature. It is shown that the addition of swirl coupling correction terms to the VPSIM significantly improves its correlations with the VVPM. Further, it is shown that the required corrections are reasonably insensitive to thrust sharing ratio conditions between the rotors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hub Flow Near-Wake Validation Using CREATETM-AV Helios and UMD Mercury Framework 使用CREATETM-AV Helios和UMD Mercury框架的枢纽流近尾流验证

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.68.012009

Bumseok Lee, Y. Jung, J. Baeder, M. Potsdam

{"title":"Hub Flow Near-Wake Validation Using CREATETM-AV Helios and UMD Mercury Framework","authors":"Bumseok Lee, Y. Jung, J. Baeder, M. Potsdam","doi":"10.4050/jahs.68.012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.68.012009","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental near-wake flow field measurements from two Penn State University water tunnel tests of a defeatured helicopter hub are compared with two unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses: CREATETM-AV Helios and the University of Maryland Mercury. Both CFD\u0000 frameworks employ an unstructured/Cartesian multimesh paradigm and turbulent Spalart–Allmaras detached eddy simulation (SA-DES) modeling. Experimental velocimetry measurements of mean wake velocities, harmonic content, and Reynolds stresses provide valuable validation data for CFD. Overall,\u0000 the two CFD solvers were in good agreement with each other and qualitatively captured the mean and harmonic content of the wake structures with accuracy. Flow feature dissimilarities between the advancing and retreating sides were differentiated and indicated dominant regions of harmonic flow\u0000 disturbances biased towards the retreating side, in good agreement with experimental observations. Quantitatively, some variation in velocity deficits and downwash were noted, either in profile character, magnitude, and/or location. Encouragingly, there was little tendency of excessive dissipation\u0000 in the CFD near wake, and the harmonic content actually tended towards a common overprediction. Reynolds number effects were minimal, and grid density effects were studied but inconclusive. These efforts were part of the Third PSU Rotor Hub Flow Workshop in 2020.","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wake Unsteadiness and Tip Vortex System of Full-Scale Helicopters in Ground Effect 地面效应下全尺寸直升机尾流不稳定性和梢涡系统

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.012010

C. C. Wolf, A. Weiss, C. Schwarz, J. Braukmann, S. Koch, M. Raffel

{"title":"Wake Unsteadiness and Tip Vortex System of Full-Scale Helicopters in Ground Effect","authors":"C. C. Wolf, A. Weiss, C. Schwarz, J. Braukmann, S. Koch, M. Raffel","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.012010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main rotor wakes of the free-flying DLR test helicopters Airbus Bo105 and EC135 were investigated in ground effect during hover, vertical takeoff, and forward flight. A high-speed schlieren system tracked the blade tip vortices at about 60 images per revolution. In addition, a constant temperature anemometry system utilized arrays of fiber film sensors, providing velocity statistics and spectra in the rotor flow. The overall wake structure agreed to preceding studies, but the velocity profiles and tip vortex trajectories were sensitive towards the environmental wind conditions. The tip vortices were observed in the schlieren images up to an age corresponding to about two revolutions below the rotor plane, before developing instabilities and falling below the detection limit. Systematic vortex pairing was found for the Bo105 but not for the EC135. The remnants of the tip vortices were identified further downstream in the wake by means of rotor-harmonic velocity signals, but they play a minor role in comparison to broad-banded turbulent fluctuations with a Kolmogorov-like spectrum. For vertical takeoff cases, the rotor wake had a hover-like structure until breaking down into low-frequency oscillations when exceeding a hub height of approximately 1.4 rotor radii. In forward flight, different types of wake velocity footprints were categorized on the basis of the normalized advance ratio. Blade–vortex interactions were found in the frontal area of the main rotor planes and between the main rotor tip vortices and the Bo105's tail rotor. The interactions prevent a further evolution of the tip vortices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44987058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Three Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshops (2016–2020): What Did We Learn and What's Next? 三个转子轮毂流量预测研讨会（2016-2020）：我们学到了什么，下一步该怎么办？

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.68.012005

S. Schmitz, Charles Tierney, D. Reich, Nicholas A. Jaffa, L. Centolanza, Mathew L. Thomas

{"title":"Three Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshops (2016–2020): What Did We Learn and What's Next?","authors":"S. Schmitz, Charles Tierney, D. Reich, Nicholas A. Jaffa, L. Centolanza, Mathew L. Thomas","doi":"10.4050/jahs.68.012005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.68.012005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ‘Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshops’ have been productive collaborations between experimental and computational efforts in the important area of high-Reynolds number model testing of rotor hubs and associated complex interactional aerodynamics in the long-age wake as relevant to current and future rotorcraft. As such the hub flow workshops have joined the ranks of past successful collaborations such as the UH-60 Airloads and HART-II workshops. This paper begins by describing the basic physics of rotor hub flows and gives a brief summary of recent water-tunnel test campaigns. Following, the evolution of the hub flow workshops is summarized, with emphasis on the productive interactions between experimentalists and computational participants. A compilation of computational blind comparison results against measured data for all three workshops thus far is presented. Challenges associated with uncertainties in both experiments and computations and their effect on quantitative comparisons are discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to the “lessons learned” on both sides and an outlook on remaining challenges and next research steps in the area of rotor hub flows is provided.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49340105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Advantages and Resonance Analysis of a Variable Speed Rotor Using Geometrically Exact Beam Formulations 用几何精确梁公式分析变速转子的性能优势和共振

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.042006

Ruthvik Chandrasekaran, D. Hodges

{"title":"Performance Advantages and Resonance Analysis of a Variable Speed Rotor Using Geometrically Exact Beam Formulations","authors":"Ruthvik Chandrasekaran, D. Hodges","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.042006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.042006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The efficiency and operating envelope of rotorcraft are constrained by the speed of the rotor. Most helicopters operate with a constant rotor speed. Varying the speed of the rotor based on the operating condition could significantly improve the rotor's performance. In this study, a hingeless rotor model with elastic blades is built-in DYMORE to study various aspects of variable speed rotor technology. The rotor blades are modeled as one-dimensional beams using state-of-the-art beam theory known as the geometrically exact beam theory. An unsteady aerodynamics model with dynamic stall and finite-state dynamic inflow is used to obtain the aerodynamic loads acting on the rotor. The power savings that can be achieved at various advance ratios by varying the speed of the rotor is evaluated. Maximum power savings of 41% was achieved at a nominal advance ratio of 0.2. However, changing the rotor speed leads to vibration issues when a rotor blade passes through a resonance point. A methodology to identify the important resonance points for a given flight condition and rotor speed transition is also provided. The forces acting on the rotor blade during resonance crossings at different advance ratios are evaluated. It is found that the amplitude increase during resonance crossing is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the cyclic pitch angles during resonance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41506411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

UH-60A Airloads Workshop—Setting the Stage for the Rotorcraft CFD/CSD Revolution, Part II: Ongoing Progress, Impact, and Lessons Learned UH-60A空运研讨会-为旋翼机CFD/CSD革命设置舞台，第二部分:正在进行的进展，影响和经验教训

IF 1.5 4区工程技术

Journal of the American Helicopter Society Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.4050/jahs.67.022011

H. Yeo, R. Ormiston

{"title":"UH-60A Airloads Workshop—Setting the Stage for the Rotorcraft CFD/CSD Revolution, Part II: Ongoing Progress, Impact, and Lessons Learned","authors":"H. Yeo, R. Ormiston","doi":"10.4050/jahs.67.022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.022011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The UH-60A Airloads Workshop was a unique collaboration of aeromechanics experts from the U.S. Government, industry, and academia to address technical issues that hindered accurate rotor loads predictions. The Airloads Workshop leveraged the NASA/Army UH-60A Airloads flight test and NFAC wind tunnel test data. It functioned continuously for 17 years, from 2001 to 2018, and brought about one of the most important advancements in rotorcraft aeromechanics prediction capabilities by successfully demonstrating high-fidelity coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) analyses for both steady and maneuvering flight. The article is divided into two parts. Part I surveys the background of rotorcraft CFD/CSD development difficulties, the origins of the Airloads Workshop, and the rapid success achieved during the first phase that consisted of eight Workshops. Part II describes ongoing development during the subsequent two phases of the Airloads Workshop, the Ninth through the 13th, and the 14th through the 31st Workshops. Part II outlines development of CFD/CSD methods to predict rotor airloads for the challenging maneuvering flight condition and also describes the impact of the newly developed CFD/CSD methods and how they were transferred to the larger technical community, opening the door for practical application of CFD methods for designing future advanced rotorcraft. Part II concludes with a discussion of why the Airloads Workshop succeeded and lessons learned from the collaborative effort.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Helicopter Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45285629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0