{"title":"TITLE.","authors":"Matthew-Mina Reyad, Karim Wanes, Aviv Ouanounou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis continues to garner attention due to increasing legalization globally and its potential effects on public health. Consequently, dental practitioners should be familiar with its impacts on oral health and how to properly manage these impacts in the clinical setting. This review explores the connection between cannabis use and oral health, providing insights into national usage trends, cannabis pharmacology, potential oral health impacts and important considerations for patient management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled data on self-reported cannabis use from the Canadian Cannabis Survey (2017-2024) and analyzed changes in cannabis use over time with a 2-tailed z-test. We performed a scoping literature review using multiple databases to examine cannabis pharmacology, dentally relevant drug interactions, oral health effects and dental management strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following legalization in 2018, cannabis use in Canada increased by 3.8 percentage points (p < 0.001). Although cannabis may have some dentally relevant drug interactions, the published data are not conclusive, and further investigation is required. Cannabis may be associated with xerostomia, may promote caries development, may negatively affect the periodontium and may increase the incidence of oral lesions. We used this information to develop a framework to guide clinicians in assessing and treating patients with a history of cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survey findings suggest that cannabis use is on the rise in Canada, with implications for the provision of dental care. Cannabis may alter the effects of drugs used in the dental setting and may be associated with an increased incidence of oral health issues. The dental management strategies suggested here are intended as an informative reference for clinicians. Additional research is needed to further elucidate the long-term effects of cannabis on oral health, its drug interactions and its potential medicinal applications in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"p12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TITLE.","authors":"Mo Alabdoulsalam, James Brady","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although condylar fractures are common in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, the approach to their treatment is not straightforward. Multiple soft-tissue approaches are available, but it is unclear which yields the best outcomes. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine whether a transparotid or submandibular soft-tissue approach to treating condylar fractures yields better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consisted of a retrospective chart audit and an in-person assessment. The chart audit involved all patients who presented to the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Halifax) between 2012 and 2022 with condylar fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The chart review assessed each patient's maximum interincisal opening, paresthesia, nerve function, infection and occlusion. The in-person assessment further assessed scar satisfaction, overall patient satisfaction with the treatment process and cosmetic results, and the incidence of Frey syndrome. Outcomes with the transparotid and submandibular approaches were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the χ<sup>2</sup> or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, with significance level set at p < 0.05 (2-tailed).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from the charts of 32 patients who met the eligibility criteria during the study period; 14 of these patients also underwent an in-person assessment (at 1 to 7 years after the surgery). Statistical analysis of data from the chart audit and in-person assessment suggested no difference between the 2 approaches in terms of surgical outcomes after condylar fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimal approach for treatment of condylar fractures should be determined individually, based on the surgeon's preference, fracture location and extent of the fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"p8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transparotid and Submandibular Approaches to Condylar Fracture Repair: Comparison of Outcomes.","authors":"Mo Alabdoulsalam, James Brady","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although condylar fractures are common in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, the approach to their treatment is not straightforward. Multiple soft-tissue approaches are available, but it is unclear which yields the best outcomes. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine whether a transparotid or submandibular soft-tissue approach to treating condylar fractures yields better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consisted of a retrospective chart audit and an in-person assessment. The chart audit involved all patients who presented to the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Halifax) between 2012 and 2022 with condylar fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The chart review assessed each patient's maximum interincisal opening, paresthesia, nerve function, infection and occlusion. The in-person assessment further assessed scar satisfaction, overall patient satisfaction with the treatment process and cosmetic results, and the incidence of Frey syndrome. Outcomes with the transparotid and submandibular approaches were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the χ<sup>2</sup> or Fisher exact test for categorical variables, with significance level set at p < 0.05 (2-tailed).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from the charts of 32 patients who met the eligibility criteria during the study period; 14 of these patients also underwent an in-person assessment (at 1 to 7 years after the surgery). Statistical analysis of data from the chart audit and in-person assessment suggested no difference between the 2 approaches in terms of surgical outcomes after condylar fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimal approach for treatment of condylar fractures should be determined individually, based on the surgeon's preference, fracture location and extent of the fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario A Brondani, Abbas Jessani, André Luis Faria-E-Silva, Diego M Ardenghi
{"title":"Initial Findings from the Canadian Dental Care Plan: Policy in Action.","authors":"Mario A Brondani, Abbas Jessani, André Luis Faria-E-Silva, Diego M Ardenghi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The recently launched income-based Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP) may help to reduce oral health inequities and financial barriers for almost 9 million uninsured residents of Canada. The objective of this study was to critically appraise early CDCP data in terms of patient eligibility and provider enrolment and participation in the program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on cross-sectional and retrospective publicly available data from the CDCP and from the Survey of Oral Health Care Providers (SOHCP) released by the Government of Canada, Health Canada and Statistics Canada in 2024 and 2025. The results of descriptive statistical analyses are reported as means, percentages and averages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of approved applicants (where eligibility was based on annual income tax records), the number of those receiving care and the number of oral health care providers (e.g., dentists, dental therapists, independent practising hygienists) participating in the CDCP increased by 77.2%, 344.6% and 34.0%, respectively, between August 2024 and May 2025. According to the providers participating in the SOHCP, more than 60% of practices would be able to accommodate the forecasted additional patient visit load associated with introduction of the CDCP. As wait times for existing patients increased, the likelihood of accommodating more patients decreased. At the time this study was conducted, no claims data on types of treatment provided or patients' perspectives about the program were available.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDCP is a form of policy offering publicly funded oral health care, but potential enrolment is restricted to those who file their income tax returns. Most practices seem able to cope with the foreseen increase in patients seeking oral health care. Service utilization and oral health indicators are still emerging; comprehensive claims data and further research on patients' perspectives are needed to explore the extent to which the CDCP is addressing oral health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario A Brondani, Abbas Jessani, André Luis Faria-E-Silva, Diego M Ardenghi
{"title":"TITLE.","authors":"Mario A Brondani, Abbas Jessani, André Luis Faria-E-Silva, Diego M Ardenghi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The recently launched income-based Canadian Dental Care Plan (CDCP) may help to reduce oral health inequities and financial barriers for almost 9 million uninsured residents of Canada. The objective of this study was to critically appraise early CDCP data in terms of patient eligibility and provider enrolment and participation in the program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on cross-sectional and retrospective publicly available data from the CDCP and from the Survey of Oral Health Care Providers (SOHCP) released by the Government of Canada, Health Canada and Statistics Canada in 2024 and 2025. The results of descriptive statistical analyses are reported as means, percentages and averages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of approved applicants (where eligibility was based on annual income tax records), the number of those receiving care and the number of oral health care providers (e.g., dentists, dental therapists, independent practising hygienists) participating in the CDCP increased by 77.2%, 344.6% and 34.0%, respectively, between August 2024 and May 2025. According to the providers participating in the SOHCP, more than 60% of practices would be able to accommodate the forecasted additional patient visit load associated with introduction of the CDCP. As wait times for existing patients increased, the likelihood of accommodating more patients decreased. At the time this study was conducted, no claims data on types of treatment provided or patients' perspectives about the program were available.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDCP is a form of policy offering publicly funded oral health care, but potential enrolment is restricted to those who file their income tax returns. Most practices seem able to cope with the foreseen increase in patients seeking oral health care. Service utilization and oral health indicators are still emerging; comprehensive claims data and further research on patients' perspectives are needed to explore the extent to which the CDCP is addressing oral health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"p15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen E Paterson, Matthew Fay, George Forrest, Kevin Lung, Clayton Davis
{"title":"Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Fractures in a Nonhospital Surgical Facility: Retrospective Chart Review.","authors":"Carmen E Paterson, Matthew Fay, George Forrest, Kevin Lung, Clayton Davis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many patients with mandibular fracture need treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). These patients are typically treated in hospital, as either inpatients or day surgery patients. However, it is possible to perform these surgeries in a nonhospital surgical facility (NHSF). In this study, we review the outcomes of ORIF surgery for mandibular fracture performed in an NHSF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart analysis was conducted for all patients with mandibular fracture who were referred, between 2019 and 2024, to an NHSF in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, for ORIF. Data were collected for patient- and injury-related variables, including cause of trauma; fracture location; time from injury and diagnosis to ORIF; time in the operating room and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU); complication rates for nausea, vomiting, pain or bleeding in the PACU; rates of same-day discharge, hardware failure, non-union and infection; and length of postoperative follow-up. A cost analysis was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 69 patients with mandibular fracture who underwent ORIF as day surgery in an NHSF met the inclusion criteria. The mean times from injury to ORIF and from fracture diagnosis to ORIF were 6.0 and 2.5 days, respectively. The mean times spent in the operating and recovery rooms were 61.6 and 62.2 minutes, respectively. All of the patients were discharged home, and no patients experienced surgical or anesthesia complications requiring transfer to a hospital. The cost analysis showed that performance of ORIF was more cost-effective in an NHSF than in hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary data are the first in Canada suggesting that for selected cases of mandibular fracture, ORIF in an NHSF is efficient, safe and cost-effective, provided stringent patient selection criteria and postoperative protocols for discharge are followed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen E Paterson, Matthew Fay, George Forrest, Kevin Lung, Clayton Davis
{"title":"TITLE.","authors":"Carmen E Paterson, Matthew Fay, George Forrest, Kevin Lung, Clayton Davis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many patients with mandibular fracture need treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). These patients are typically treated in hospital, as either inpatients or day surgery patients. However, it is possible to perform these surgeries in a nonhospital surgical facility (NHSF). In this study, we review the outcomes of ORIF surgery for mandibular fracture performed in an NHSF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart analysis was conducted for all patients with mandibular fracture who were referred, between 2019 and 2024, to an NHSF in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, for ORIF. Data were collected for patient- and injury-related variables, including cause of trauma; fracture location; time from injury and diagnosis to ORIF; time in the operating room and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU); complication rates for nausea, vomiting, pain or bleeding in the PACU; rates of same-day discharge, hardware failure, non-union and infection; and length of postoperative follow-up. A cost analysis was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 69 patients with mandibular fracture who underwent ORIF as day surgery in an NHSF met the inclusion criteria. The mean times from injury to ORIF and from fracture diagnosis to ORIF were 6.0 and 2.5 days, respectively. The mean times spent in the operating and recovery rooms were 61.6 and 62.2 minutes, respectively. All of the patients were discharged home, and no patients experienced surgical or anesthesia complications requiring transfer to a hospital. The cost analysis showed that performance of ORIF was more cost-effective in an NHSF than in hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary data are the first in Canada suggesting that for selected cases of mandibular fracture, ORIF in an NHSF is efficient, safe and cost-effective, provided stringent patient selection criteria and postoperative protocols for discharge are followed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"p9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabio Arriola-Pacheco, Kamila Sihuay-Torres, Emily Pynn, Frank Mauro, Bruce Pynn, Herenia P Lawrence
{"title":"Dental Professionals' Perceptions of Silver Diamine Fluoride Use for Children and Older Adults in Northern Ontario.","authors":"Fabio Arriola-Pacheco, Kamila Sihuay-Torres, Emily Pynn, Frank Mauro, Bruce Pynn, Herenia P Lawrence","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Views on silver diamine fluoride (SDF) have been studied in various settings worldwide but remain underexplored in the Canadian context. In this study, we explored awareness, acceptability, general and economic perception and potential patient acceptance of SDF for caries management in children and older adults. We also looked at the impact of an educational workshop on SDF for dental professionals in Northern Ontario.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 42-item structured questionnaire was administered to attendees at a workshop on minimally invasive dentistry held in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It elicited information regarding respondents' demographics, their perception, acceptance and use of SDF and the workshop's influence on uptake of the material.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in this cross-sectional study were 53 dental professionals, mainly dental hygienists (45.3%) and dentists (35.8%). Their views on the use of SDF as a minimally invasive technique and on how it was accepted by their patients and patients' caregivers were generally positive. Respondents reported that the workshop made them more likely to choose SDF for treating children (82.4%) and older adults (87.8%). We noted differences between dentists and non-dentists, specifically regarding potential parental acceptance of SDF staining in anterior temporary teeth (p = 0.030), as well as SDF's benefits in older adults in long-term care (p = 0.007), with a higher proportion of non-dentists viewing SDF more favourably.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDF awareness and acceptance were high among dental professionals in Northern Ontario who attended a workshop presenting the beneficial effects of SDF for children and older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbas Jessani, Amrinderbir Singh, Anuradha Prakki, Alexia Athanasakos, Elham Emami
{"title":"Meeting Report: Symposium on Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, Decolonization and Indigenization at the Canadian National Oral Health Summit.","authors":"Abbas Jessani, Amrinderbir Singh, Anuradha Prakki, Alexia Athanasakos, Elham Emami","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A symposium was organized to spotlight the efforts of four Canadian dental schools (Western University, University of Saskatchewan, University of Toronto, and McGill University) in integrating EDI-DI into their dental curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salima Sawani, Seema Ganatra, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Maryam S Amin
{"title":"Multiple Primary Tumours in Oral Cancer: Patient Characteristics and Survival Patterns.","authors":"Salima Sawani, Seema Ganatra, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Maryam S Amin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of multiple primary tumours (MPTs) is an important consequence of oral cancer and one of the leading causes of mortality among these patients. This study aimed to identify some of the risk factors for MPT development in oral cancer patients and to examine its impact on survival rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, population-based cohort study, we retrieved administrative data from the Alberta Cancer Registry database for 3549 patients diagnosed with primary oral cancer (POC) between 2005 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among these patients, 513 developed MPTs for an overall incidence of 14.5%. The average time interval for development of the first MPT was 4.04 ± 3.67 years. The proportion of patients with any comorbid conditions was significantly higher in MPT patients compared with non-MPT patients. Advanced age, average income, comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and increased time from diagnosis to treatment were found to be potential risk factors for MPT development. Analysis revealed a sharp decrease in survival rate of oral cancer patients after developing MPTs. Furthermore, age >45 years, body mass index <18.5, synchronous tumours, stage III and IV POC, >2 comorbid conditions and MPT developing in the digestive system were associated with poor disease-specific survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development of MPTs significantly affects the survival of oral cancer patients. Advanced age, comorbidities and delayed initiation of treatment were identified as key risk factors for MPTs. The poor survival outcomes, particularly in patients with synchronous tumours, advanced-stage primary cancers and specific comorbid conditions, highlight the need for early detection and proactive management strategies to mitigate these risks and improve long-term survival in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":50005,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association","volume":"91 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}