Journal of the North American Benthological Society最新文献

{"title":"Response of dissolved nutrients and periphyton to spawning Pacific salmon in three northern Michigan streams","authors":"S. Collins, Ashley H. Moerke, D. T. Chaloner, David J. Janetski, G. Lamberti","doi":"10.1899/10-164.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-164.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ecological effects of spawning runs of native Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) on stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest and Northern Pacific Rim have been studied extensively. However, little is known about how nonnative Pacific salmon affect stream ecosystems in the Great Lakes Basin, especially given the difference in environmental context between the regions. Mechanisms by which salmon spawners alter stream ecosystems include nutrient enrichment from excretion by live adults, carcass decomposition, and physical disturbance of the substrate during redd construction. The objective of our study was to quantify changes in water chemistry and benthic periphyton in 3 streams in northern Michigan that have spawning populations of Pacific salmon. In each stream, dissolved nutrients (soluble reactive P [SRP], NH4+, dissolved organic C [DOC], NO3−), and periphyton on gravel were sampled before, during, and after the spawning run in reaches upstream and downstream of a salmon barrier. Nutrients increased in reaches downstream of the barrier when salmon were present, but the magnitude of increase was low relative to increases observed in Pacific Rim streams. During and after the spawning run, periphyton biomass declined significantly in reaches where high densities of salmon spawners were present. Our results suggest that disturbance by spawning salmon may override their enrichment effects in northern Michigan streams, but this pattern may in part be driven by environmental context, especially the presence of finer substrates.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"831 - 839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91374259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual of Central American Diptera: Volume 2","authors":"D. Craig","doi":"10.1899/30.3.BR.868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/30.3.BR.868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"868 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88288956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum) on mesocosm recovery following a flood: can macroconsumers affect denitrification?","authors":"A. J. Reisinger, Dumi L. Presuma, K. Gido, W. Dodds","doi":"10.1899/10-169.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-169.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anthropogenic N loadings and perturbations of macroconsumer communities impair ecological and economic services provided by streams. Organisms are adapted to natural disturbances, such as flooding and desiccation, but how anthropogenic and natural disturbances interact is poorly understood. We used large outdoor mesocosms to study the effect of Campostoma anomalum, a common prairie headwater-stream minnow, and NH4+ additions (to simulate fish excretion) on the recovery of ecosystem structure and function following a flood, highlighting the potential for Campostoma (and other macroconsumers) to affect denitrification. Campostoma and NH4+ treatments differentially affected particulate organic matter size and filamentous algal structure. Ecosystem structure responded differently to mesocosm treatment over time, a result suggesting that grazers or NH4+-N availability may be especially important during early recovery periods. The presence of Campostoma did not influence denitrification, but NH4+ additions altered the response of denitrifiers to nutrient and energy amendments, and denitrification rates decreased following the recovery of mesocosms. Temporal changes in denitrification probably were caused by increasing hyporheic dissolved O2 concentrations, which led to potentially fewer anoxic microsites for production of denitrification enzymes. Our study shows that grazers affect the recovery of ecosystem structure, but denitrification in the context of these prairie-stream mesocosms appears to be unaffected by Campostoma.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"73 1","pages":"840 - 852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview: the links that bind aquatic ecosystems","authors":"D. T. Chaloner, R. Wotton","doi":"10.1899/10-125.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-125.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aquatic research historically has focused on separate aquatic ecosystems (i.e., freshwater, estuarine, and marine). We argue that this separation into subdisciplines is artificial and may even be counterproductive. Instead, scientists should consider the physical linkages between different aquatic ecosystems and the many similarities in properties and processes among those ecosystems (conceptual linkages). The 4 papers in this J-NABS BRIDGES cluster demonstrate the value of integrating information from different aquatic ecosystems. For example, the papers illustrate that transformation and transportation of nutrients and energy physically and conceptually link all aquatic ecosystems and are facilitated by the characteristics of the medium that defines them all—water. To promote the exchange of information within aquatic science, more interecosystem studies should be published in journals and books so that scientists will see parallels and linkages among freshwater, estuarine, and marine systems. Over the longer term, such studies would benefit from the funding and teaching of aquatic science as an integrated whole.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"2012 1","pages":"751 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74060298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of urbanization on stream physicochemistry and macroinvertebrate assemblages in a tropical urban watershed in Puerto Rico","authors":"Rebeca de Jesús-Crespo, A. Ramírez","doi":"10.1899/10-081.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-081.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urbanization is degrading stream ecosystems worldwide. Tropical island streams may respond to urbanization differently than temperate streams because of their overall climate differences, and they may respond differently than continental tropical urban streams because of their reduced biological diversity and short drainages. We characterized the physicochemistry, physical habitat, and macroinvertebrate assemblages of 16 stream tributaries in the Rio Piedras Watershed (San Juan, Puerto Rico). We also described landuse patterns upstream from each sampling site for the entire subwatershed and for riparian buffers of 5- and 100-m width. Urbanization had a negative effect on the physicochemical and biological condition of the Rio Piedras. Streams were distributed in ordination space along a strong physicochemical gradient that was related to concentrations of K+, Mg2+, dissolved O2 (DO), and PO43−. Along this gradient, DO and Mg2+ decreased and PO43− and K+ increased with higher % urban cover in the subwatershed. Macroinvertebrate assemblages also were related to urbanization, and more macroinvertebrate families and pollution-sensitive taxa were found at sites where physicochemistry reflected less urban cover. Family richness and pollution-sensitive taxa were positively associated with greater % forest cover in the 5-m riparian buffer zone, a result that supports the use of riparian buffers to ameliorate the effects of urbanization on stream biointegrity in the Rio Piedras. Our results are similar to findings in urban streams in temperate zones and in tropical continental streams. Therefore, despite island characteristics, tropical island stream physicochemistry and macroinvertebrate assemblages responded to urbanization in ways that are in general agreement with the predictions of the Urban Stream Syndrome.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"739 - 750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81415182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic responses to low-concentration urban road runoff","authors":"Kelli A. Johnson, A. Steinman, William D. Keiper, C. Ruetz","doi":"10.1899/10-157.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-157.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A major effect of urbanization on streams is the input of stormwater (SW) runoff from impervious surfaces. This water may contain excess nutrients, heavy metals, and other organic contaminants. These inputs are potential stressors or stimulants for algae, invertebrates, and fish within the aquatic community. We conducted a controlled experiment in mesocosms (∼1300-L tanks) to evaluate the effect of SW quality on different trophic levels. SW runoff was collected before it entered Little Black Creek, which is a tributary draining an urbanized subcatchment in western Michigan. The captured runoff was used to create the following treatments: 0% SW (control, n  =  4), 50% SW (n  =  4), or 100% SW (n  =  4). Nested within each mesocosm were exclosure treatments containing different combinations of algae, snails (Physa sp.), and fish (pumpkinseed: Lepomis gibbosus). SW did not have an overall effect on algal biomass or metabolic activity in the mesocosms. Algal community composition in the 0% SW treatment was significantly different from the 100% treatment at the end of the experiment. Mortality and growth rates of the fish and snails were not significantly affected by SW treatment. The absence of a strong effect of SW on algal biomass and metabolism or fish and snail growth in the mesocosms might have been the result of relatively low concentrations of contaminants in the SW. Changes in algal community composition in the mesocosms suggest that community composition is a more sensitive measure of water quality than either algal biomass or mortality and growth rates of fish and snails. SW quality is extremely variable, even among different storm events at the same location, so extrapolating results from one storm or one system to another should be done with caution. Our findings show that SW quality does not necessarily have negative impacts on stream biota.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"280 1","pages":"710 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73151595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid mine drainage affects the development and function of epilithic biofilms in streams","authors":"N. Smucker, M. L. Vis","doi":"10.1899/10-139.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-139.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a legacy of historical coal mining that affects several thousand stream kilometers around the world by contributing high loads of acidity, SO42−, metals, and other cations. Most research has focused on how AMD affects diversity and structure of various biological assemblages, whereas considerably less has focused on functional processes in streams. We investigated how AMD from abandoned coal mines affects epilithic biofilm development and function. Algal biomass and accrual rates were significantly lower in AMD-affected stream reaches than in control streams. Biomass and accrual rates were lowest at intermediate AMD-affected sites (pH  =  5.1–5.9), probably because copious amounts of AlOH3 precipitates smothered the benthic habitat. Ratios of β-glucosidase (GLU):β-xylosidase (XYLO) were significantly correlated with algal biomass (r  =  0.60, p < 0.01), probably because algae are important sources of C that is readily broken down by bacterial GLU activity, whereas XYLO is mostly associated with C of allochthonous origin. Thus, reduced algal biomass could indirectly exacerbate AMD effects on bacterial function by providing less C needed for cellular functions. Ratios of phosphatase∶leucine aminopeptidase significantly increased as pH decreased (R2  =  0.88, p < 0.01). This increase indicated potential P limitation or stressful conditions for microbial communities because PO4-P readily adsorbs to metal hydroxides, rendering it biologically inaccessible. Ratios in 3 of 4 control streams indicated that N limitation may be more typical in unaffected streams of the region. Low algal biomass and potential P limitation of biofilms may indicate that AMD-affected streams have reduced capabilities to retain nutrients and energy needed to support healthy ecosystems. Considering the links between biofilm structure and function can provide a framework for developing management strategies to restore and conserve ecosystem processes, such as nutrient retention and spiraling, energy flow, food webs, and biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"215 1","pages":"728 - 738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74636446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, validation, and application of a macroinvertebrate-based Index of Biotic Integrity for nonwadeable rivers of Wisconsin","authors":"B. M. Weigel, Jeffrey J. Dimick","doi":"10.1899/10-161.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-161.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quantitative biological assessment protocols are needed for monitoring river status and evaluating river rehabilitation efforts. We conducted a standardized macroinvertebrate survey at 100 sites on 38 nonwadeable rivers in Wisconsin to construct, test, and apply an index of biotic integrity (IBI) intended to be such a bioassessment tool. We assigned independent samples to IBI development (n  =  75) and IBI validation (n  =  25) data sets. We placed Hester–Dendy artificial substrates at the sites for 6 wk and processed the samples of colonizing macroinvertebrates in the laboratory with a 500-target subsampling procedure plus a large–rare taxon search. Independent of the biota, we assigned an environmental disturbance score to each site based upon water chemistry, land cover, flow modification, and point-source pollution. Ten metrics that represent macroinvertebrate assemblage structure, composition, and function constitute the IBI: the number of taxa in: 1) Insecta or 2) Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT); % individuals that were: 3) Insecta, 4) intolerant EPT, 5) tolerant chironomids, 6) gatherers, 7) scrapers, or from 8) the dominant 3 taxa; 9) the mean pollution tolerance value; and 10) the number of unique ecological functional trait niches. Analyses on both the validation subset of sites and all sites inclusive confirmed that least-disturbed sites had the highest IBI scores, severely disturbed sites had the lowest scores, and moderately disturbed sites had intermediate scores. Chironominae and Hydropsychidae taxa known to tolerate nutrient enrichment and overall degraded conditions dominated samples with low IBI scores. In contrast, a diverse assemblage that thrives in relatively undisturbed conditions was present in samples with high IBI scores. Comparison of the new macroinvertebrate IBI with an existing fish IBI suggested that the indices respond to different environmental stressors and illustrated the limitations of using only one taxonomic group for bioassessment. We discuss new macroinvertebrate methods, an IBI development process, and the refinement of metrics that may be useful in tailoring assessment tools for large rivers or wadeable streams in other regions. We also present applications of the IBI, including its potential use in comprehensive large river monitoring programs and for evaluating management efforts.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"22 1","pages":"665 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settling velocities of juvenile Lampsilini mussels (Mollusca:Unionidae): the influence of behavior","authors":"A. Schwalb, J. Ackerman","doi":"10.1899/11-023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/11-023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juvenile unionid mussels disperse in the water column after detachment from their host fish. The settling velocity (ws) of juvenile mussels is an important component of their dispersion in the water column but has not been measured for unionid mussels. The goal of our study was to measure the ws of juvenile mussels in the laboratory and to examine how ws varied within and among related species. The ws of Actinonaias ligamentina and Ptychobranchus fasciolaris were significantly lower (2.4 ± 0.1 mm/s vs 2.5 ± 0.1 mm/s, respectively) than those of the larger-sized Lampsilis fasciola and Epioblasma triquetra (4.2 ± 0.2 mm/s vs 4.6 ± 0.2 mm/s, respectively). Overall, ws increased with juvenile size, but considerable variation (∼10×) was found within species. Observations indicated that foot movement of juvenile mussels was responsible for reductions in ws, and this behavior may provide a potential mechanism for habitat selection at small-spatial scales. Observed ws differed considerably from ws predicted from Stokes' law using empirically determined shell size and density (ρ = 1.22 ± 0.003 g/cm3 for A. ligamentina), which indicates some of the limitations in predicting ws from size measurements.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"193 1","pages":"702 - 709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75864786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comparability of bioassessments: a review of conceptual and methodological issues1","authors":"Yong Cao, C. Hawkins","doi":"10.1899/10-067.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1899/10-067.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Differences in the raw data used in bioassessments and choices regarding how those data are analyzed and summarized can affect inferences regarding the status of ecological resources and, thus, the degree to which we can trust individual ecological assessments, compare assessments across different programs and regions, or share data when developing or refining new endpoint indices. Progress in addressing these issues has been hindered by lack of consensus regarding what a general definition of comparability should be in the context of bioassessments and what measures of comparability are appropriate for ecological data. In this paper, we review the state of knowledge regarding the comparability of assessments as affected by differences in raw data (composition and relative abundance of taxa), derived measures (biotic metrics and endpoint indices), and assessment levels (condition classes). We specifically address the extent to which the comparability of assessments can be compromised by systematic differences in data, discuss the factors known to affect data comparability, and consider the techniques available to evaluate and improve comparability. Rigorous assessment of data comparability should be a standard aspect of quality assurance when developing and applying biological indices.","PeriodicalId":49987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","volume":"30 1","pages":"680 - 701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90378832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}