{"title":"Bandwidth Allocation Under Multi-Level Service Guarantees of Downlink in the VLC-OFDM System","authors":"Shuangxing Liu, Xuefen Chi, Linlin Zhao","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.704","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore a low-complex bandwidth allocation (BA) scheme with multi-level service guarantees in VLC-OFDM systems. Effective capacity theory, which evaluates wireless channel capacity from a novel view, is utilized to model the system capacity under delay QoS constraints of the link layer. Since intensity modulation of light is used in the system, problems caused by frequency selectivity can be neglected. Then, the BA problem can be formulated as an integer programming problem and it is further relaxed and transformed into a concave one. Lagrangian formulation is used to reformulate the concave problem. Considering the inefficiency of traditional gradient-based schemes and the demand for distributed implementation in local area networks, we localize the global parameters and propose a quasi-distributed quadratic allocation algorithm to provide two-level service guarantees, the first level is QoS oriented, and the second level is QoE oriented. Simulations have shown the efficient performance of the proposed algorithm. The users with more stringent QoS requirements require more subcarriers to guarantee their statistical delay QoS requirements. We also analyze the effect of subcarrier granularity on the aggregate effective capacity via simulations.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"704-715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojuan Liu, Bangcai Huang, Gongxiang Wei, Ke-zhen Han, Yan Huang, Fangfang Liu
{"title":"High Power Switchable Dual-Wavelength Linear Polarized Yb-Dozped Fiber Laser around 1120 nm","authors":"Xiaojuan Liu, Bangcai Huang, Gongxiang Wei, Ke-zhen Han, Yan Huang, Fangfang Liu","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.716","url":null,"abstract":"A single-and dual-wavelength switchable polarized Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser around 1120 nm based on a pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is demonstrated. The polarization-maintaining (PM) linear cavity is composed of a double clad PM Yb-doped fiber (YDF) and a pair of PM FBGs. The laser can operate in stable dual-wavelength or wavelength-switching modes due to the polarization hole burning (PHB) and the spatial hole burning (SHB) enhanced by the PM linear cavity. In dual-wavelength operation, the two orthogonally polarized wavelengths are centered at 1118.912 nm and 1119.152 nm, with an interval of 0.24 nm and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 35 dB. The maximum output power is 14.67 W when the launched LD pump is 24 W corresponding to an optical efficiency of 61.1%. The lasing lines switchover may be realized by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) fitted in the cavity. The two single-wavelengths are 1118.912 nm and 1119.152 nm. When the injected LD pump is 24 W, the highest output powers are 7.68 W and 8.64 W corresponding to optical efficiencies of 32% and 36% respectively. The spectral linewidth of the lasing lines are 0.075 nm and 0.07 nm, and the average numerical values of PER are 20.3 dB and 19.9 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"716-721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods and Systems for High-temperature Strain Measurement of the Main Steam Pipe of a Boiler of a Power Plant While in Service","authors":"Chengxie Guang, Feng Qibo, Ding Keqin","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.770","url":null,"abstract":"It has been a challenge for researchers to accurately measure high temperature creep strain online without damaging the mechanical properties of the pipe surface. To this end, a noncontact method for measuring high temperature strain of a main steam pipe based on digital image correlation was proposed, and a system for monitoring of high temperature strain was designed and developed. Wavelet thresholding was used for denoising measurement data. The sub-pixel displacement search algorithm with curved surface fitting was improved to increase measurement accuracy. A field test was carried out to investigate the designed monitoring system of high temperature strain. The measuring error was less than 0.4 ppm/°C, which meets actual measurement requirements for engineering. Our findings provide a new way to monitor creep damage of the main steam pipe of a boiler of an ultra-supercritical power plant in service.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"770-777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LED Lens for Rectangular Beam with Small Divergence Angles","authors":"Dianhong Liu, Xiao-hui Zhang, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.739","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed a new TIR(Total Internal Reflection) structure for generating an LED lens which can produce a rectangular beam with small divergence angle in two perpendicular directions for an optical guidance system. The lens can control the divergence angle in the horizontal direction to be a small value of about 8° with a 1 mm × 1 mm LED source, also in the vertical direction it can be about 7°, with optical collection efficiency higher than 0.83. After the lens is manufactured, the work demonstrates that the lens is suitable for an optical guidance system.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"739-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Modulation Transfer Function Analysis of Images Blurred by Sinusoidal Vibration","authors":"Yan Du, Yalin Ding, Yongsen Xu, Chongshang Sun","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.762","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) for image degradation caused by sinusoidal vibration is formulated based on a Bessel function of the first kind. The presented method makes it possible to obtain an analytical MTF expression derived for arbitrary frequency sinusoidal vibration. The error obtained by the use of finite order sum approximations instead of infinite sums is investigated in detail. Dynamic MTF exhibits a stronger random behavior for low frequency vibration than high frequency vibration. The calculated MTFs agree well with the measured MTFs with the slant edge method in imaging experiments. With the proposed formula, allowable amplitudes of any frequency vibration are easily calculated. This is practical for the analysis and design of the line-of-sight stabilization system in the remote sensing camera.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"762-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70140987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infrared-to-Visible Up-conversion in Er-Pr-Yb Triply Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics","authors":"Su-A Song, K. Lim","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.778","url":null,"abstract":"We synthesized Er3+-Yb3+, Pr3+-Yb3+, and Er3+-Pr3+-Yb3+-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing CaF2 nanocrystals by proper thermal treatments. Spectral characteristics of down- and up-converted emissions in three kinds of glass ceramics under 365-nm and 980-nm excitations were compared and explained by cross relaxations, excited-state absorptions, and energy-transfer processes between different ions. The huge reduction of up-conversion emission in the triply doped glass ceramics under 980-nm excitation compared to the Er3+-Yb3+ codoped one was explained by the split pump power and the direct energy transfer from Er3+ to Pr3+ ions. Increasing Yb3+ concentration from 2% to 10% in the triply doped glass ceramics showed more than quadratic enhancement of the absorbed power, and we explained it by the enhanced energy-transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions. We also observed enhanced up-converted emissions of Er3+ and Pr3+ ions in three kinds of glass ceramics under simultaneous excitation at 980 nm and 1550 nm, and suggested detailed up-conversion mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"778-783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun-Woo Jeong, Jong Seok Kim, S. Bae, Kanghyen Seo, Seung Hun Kim, S. Kang, Dong Jin Shin, Chang-Lae Lee, Kyuseok Kim, Youngjin Lee
{"title":"A Numerical Study of Different Types of Collimators for a High-Resolution Preclinical CdTe Pixelated Semiconductor SPECT System","authors":"Hyun-Woo Jeong, Jong Seok Kim, S. Bae, Kanghyen Seo, Seung Hun Kim, S. Kang, Dong Jin Shin, Chang-Lae Lee, Kyuseok Kim, Youngjin Lee","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.663","url":null,"abstract":"In single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) with a pixelated semiconductor detector (PSD), not only pinhole collimators but also parallel-hole collimators are often used in preclinical nuclear-medicine imaging systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare pinhole and parallel-hole collimators in a PSD. For that purpose, we paired a PID 350 (Ajat Oy Ltd., Finland) CdTe PSD with each of the four collimators most frequently used in preclinical nuclear medicine: (1) a pinhole collimator, and (2) low-energy high-resolution (LEHR), (3) low-energy general-purpose (LEGP), and (4) low-energy high-sensitivity (LEHS) parallel-hole collimators. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of each collimator was evaluated using a point source and a hot-rod phantom. The highest sensitivity was achieved using LEHS, followed by LEGP, LEHR, and pinhole. Also, at a source-to-collimator distance of 2 cm, the spatial resolution was 1.63, 2.05, 2.79, and 3.45 mm using pinhole, LEHR, LEGP, and LEHS, respectively. The reconstructed hot-rod phantom images showed that the pinhole collimator and the LEHR parallel-hole collimator give a fine spatial resolution for preclinical SPECT with PSD. In conclusion, we successfully compared different types of collimators for a preclinical pixelated semiconductor SPECT system.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"663-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70140957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single Shot White Light Interference Microscopy for 3D Surface Profilometry Using Single Chip Color Camera","authors":"V. Srivastava, M. Inam, Ranjeet Kumar, D. Mehta","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.784","url":null,"abstract":"We present a single shot low coherence white light Hilbert phase microscopy (WL-HPM) for quantitative phase imaging of Si opto-electronic devices, i.e., Si integrated circuits (Si-ICs) and Si solar cells. White light interferograms were recorded by a color CCD camera and the interferogram is decomposed into the three colors red, green and blue. Spatial carrier frequency of the WL interferogram was increased sufficiently by means of introducing a tilt in the interferometer. Hilbert transform fringe analysis was used to reconstruct the phase map for red, green and blue colors from the single interferogram. 3D step height map of Si-ICs and Si solar cells was reconstructed at multiple wavelengths from a single interferogram. Experimental results were compared with Atomic Force Microscopy and they were found to be close to each other. The present technique is non-contact, full-field and fast for the determination of surface roughness variation and morphological features of the objects at multiple wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"30 14 1","pages":"784-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proposal for Optical One-time Password Authentication Using Digital Holography","authors":"Seok-Hee Jeon, S. Gil","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.722","url":null,"abstract":"A new optical one-time password (OTP) authentication method using digital holography is proposed, which enhances security strength in the authentication system. A challenge-response optical OTP algorithm based on two-factor authentication is presented using two-step phase-shifting digital holography, and two-way authentication is also performed using challenge-response handshake in both directions. Identification (ID), password (PW), and OTP are encrypted with a shared key by applying phase-shifting digital holography, and these encrypted pieces of information are verified by each party by means of the shared key. The encrypted digital holograms are obtained by Fourier-transform holography and are recorded on a CCD with 256 quantized gray-level intensities. Because the intensity pattern of such an encrypted digital hologram is distributed randomly, it guards against a replay attack and results in higher security level. The proposed method has advantages, in that it does not require a time-synchronized OTP, and can be applied to various authentication applications. Computer experiments show that the proposed method is feasible for high-security OTP authentication.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"722-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min-Kyu Park, Heewon Park, Kyung‐Il Joo, Hee-Dong Jeong, Jun‐Chan Choi, Hak‐Rin Kim
{"title":"Continuous Viewing Angle Distribution Control of Liquid Crystal Displays Using Polarization-Dependent Prism Array Film Stacked on Directional Backlight Unit","authors":"Min-Kyu Park, Heewon Park, Kyung‐Il Joo, Hee-Dong Jeong, Jun‐Chan Choi, Hak‐Rin Kim","doi":"10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2016.20.6.799","url":null,"abstract":"We present a polarization-dependent prism array film for controlling the viewing angle distribution of liquid crystal (LC) display panels without loss of light efficiency. On a directional backlight unit, our polarization-dependent prism array film, made into a stacked bilayer with a well-aligned liquid crystalline reactive mesogen (RM) layer on the UV-imprinted prism structure, can continuously control the light refraction function of the prism array by electrically switching incident polarization states of a polarization-controlling layer prepared by a twisted nematic LC mode. The viewing angle control properties of the polarization-dependent prism array film are analyzed under different prism angle and refractive index conditions of the RM layer. A simple analytic model is also presented to describe the intermediate viewing angle distributions with continuously varying applied voltages and incident polarization states.","PeriodicalId":49986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of Korea","volume":"20 1","pages":"799-806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70141114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}