Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society最新文献

{"title":"Ecological and floristic analyses of vascular plants along a gradient on disturbed serpentinite on opposing slopes in Staten Island, NY","authors":"Maureen E. Levinel, A. Greller","doi":"10.2307/4126929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126929","url":null,"abstract":"LEVINE, M. E. AND A. M. GRELLER (Department of Biology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367). Ecological and floristic analyses of vascular plants along a gradient on disturbed serpentinite on opposing slopes in Staten Island, NY. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131:71-94. 2004.-Bloodroot Valley, in central Staten Island, southeastern New York State, has unusual vegetation. It is a highly disturbed area in which serpentinite rubble has been deposited on till-covered serpentinite bedrock. Bloodroot Valley is reputed to contain the only wild, albeit augmented, population of Sanguinaria canadensis found on Staten Island. The hypothesis of the study was that variation in observed plant associations would correlate with variations in soil properties. This study compared two distinct vegetative patterns on opposing slopes, existing within meters of each other, and each associated with different soil properties. Human disturbance in one area of Bloodroot Valley has fostered a unique soil condition that reflects a blend of features of serpentinite soils, anthropogenic calcium deposits and river floodplains. Vegetation on the west slope in Bloodroot Valley contains neither \"serpentinite flora\" nor flora typical of the adjacent mixed oak forest, but rather, a floodplain type plant association with Hydrophyllum virginianum as dominant.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"131 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perforation plate pit membrane remnants in vessels of Sarraceniaceae: Possible indicators of relationship and ecology","authors":"E. Schneider, S. Carlquist","doi":"10.2307/4126922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126922","url":null,"abstract":"SCHNEIDER, E. AND S. CARLQUIST (Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105). Perforation plate remnants in vessels of Sarraceniaceae: possible indicators of relationships and ecology. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 1-7. 2004.-All three genera of Sarraceniaceae possess pit membrane remnants in perforations: the abundance of pit membrane remnants parallels the number of bars per perforation plate: most in Heliamphora, fewer in Sarracenia, fewest in Darlingtonia. Heliamphora perforation plates were reported earlier, so Darlingtonia (monotypic) and two species of Sarracenia are considered here. The majority of perforations lack extensive pit membrane remnants, but occasional meshwork-like remnants can be seen at the lateral ends of a number of perforations. Perforations intermediate in size and morphology between perforations and lateral wall pits (pit membranes nearly intact, but containing numerous pores) often occur at upper and lower ends of perforation plates. Pit membrane remnants of this type have been reported in scalariform perforation plates of families thought to be closely related to Sarraceniaceae (Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, Ericaceae). Species of all four families in which pit membranes are present occur in highly mesic or bog habitats.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"131 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest understory vegetation along a productivity gradient1","authors":"G. Adkison, S. Gleeson, J. Bot","doi":"10.2307/4126926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126926","url":null,"abstract":"these communities. We examined vegetation structure and species distribution patterns in the forest understory community of two topographically similar watersheds to evaluate the predicted roles of abiotic limitation and competition along a productivity gradient. Canonical correspondence analysis identified a dominant compositional gradient that was strongly correlated with moisture, light, and herbaceous-layer cover. Given these relationships, the first axis of the ordination was taken as a reliable index of productivity. Contrary to expectation, species richness increased monotonically along the gradient rather than reaching a maximum and then declining which suggests that species are not excluded by light competition at the high-productivity end of the gradient. Other vegetation patterns, however, indicated both abiotic limitation in regions of low productivity and competition at high productivity. Patterns in species' distributions also suggested resource limitation at low productivity, but they showed mixed evidence of competition at high productivity. Taken together, these patterns in vegetation structure and species' distributions imply that while competition may occur among herbaceous-layer species, particularly at high productivity, competitive exclusion remains low. This may be because the traits that permit survival under tree canopy shading reduce the effects of light competition with other understory species, or because understory productivity is not high enough to induce intense light competition among herbaceouslayer species.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"131 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vascular Flora of Five Florida Shell Middens","authors":"R. Stalter, D. Kincaid","doi":"10.2307/4126930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4126930","url":null,"abstract":"RICHARD STALTER (Dept. Biol. Sci., St. John's Univ., Jamaica, NY 11439) AND DWIGHT KINCAID, (Dept. Biol. Sci., Lehman College CUNY, Bronx, NY 10468). The vascular flora of five Florida shell middens. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131:95-105. 2004.-This study described the vascular flora of five Florida shell middens: Fort George Shell Ring, Guana River State Park Shell Ring, Tomoka State Park Shell Midden, Green Mound, and Turtle Mound. These protected middens were located on state or National Park property. The vascular flora consisted of 190 species within 159 genera in 81 families. Poaceae and Asteraceae were the largest families and the largest genera were Cyperus, Quercus, Smilax, and Solidago. Native species composed 95.3% of the flora. Soil salinity and daily flooding affected the distribution of vascular plants at tidal midden sites. Calcareous soils influenced species distribution at upland shell midden sites. Each taxonomic entry in the checklist is accompanied by site location.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"131 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4126930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69302885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vascular Flora of Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, New York","authors":"K. Barringer, S. Clemants","doi":"10.2307/3557547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68722078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in surface injuries and mortality rates of Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) cacti over a twelve-year period","authors":"L. Evans, Michelle Zugermayr, April Jan B. Young","doi":"10.2307/3557542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557542","url":null,"abstract":"injuries and the mortality rate of a population of 253 saguaro cacti were determined over a twelve-year period of study. Seventeen percent of the saguaro population had few surface injuries throughout the period. Thirty percent of the population showed a marked increase (more than half of the cacti in this group showed a mean increase in barking of 80%) in scaling and barking injuries over the 12-year period. Twenty-six percent of all cacti had more than 90% scaling and barking on stem surfaces throughout the period. Rates of scaling and barking injuries (morbidity) are high considering the long life span of saguaros. Finally, 27.3% of the saguaro population died over the twelve-year period. Twenty-five percent of the cacti that died over the period exhibited few surface injuries in 1990 while 65% of the cacti that died over the period had 98% scaling and barking on stem crests in 1990. A mortality rate of 27% over 12 years (2.3% annually) is very high considering these cacti may live for long time periods.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68722206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological soil crust and vascular plant communities in a sand savanna of northwestern Ohio1","authors":"D. Neher, T. Walters, E. Tramer, T. Weicht, Roberta M. Veluci, K. Saiya-Cork, S. Will-Wolf, J. Toppin, J. Traub, J. Johansen","doi":"10.2307/3557543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557543","url":null,"abstract":"NEHER, D. A., T. L. WALTERS, E. TRAMER, T. R. WEICHT, R. M. VELUCI, K. SAIYA-CORK (Department of Earth, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606) S. WILL-WOLF (Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1381), J. TOPPIN, J. TRAUB (Whitehouse, Ohio 43571-9803) AND JOHANSEN, J. R (Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio 44118). Biological soil crust and plant communities in a sand savanna of northwestern Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130:244-252. 2003. A survey of biological crust components (bryophytes, lichens, chlorophyta, bacteria), soil fauna (nematodes, collembolans, mites) and vascular plants was conducted in a dry sand savanna in northwestern Ohio between 1995 and 2001. In soil, six free-living chlorophytes and seven cyanobacteria taxa were identified. Chlorophyta were more abundant than cyanobacteria with Desmococcus olivaeus and Stichococcus bacillaris being the most common species. For bryophytes, the most common species were Polytrichum piliferum and Ceratodon purpureus, and for lichens, Cladonia species. Notably, we found lichen species in the crusts have chlorophytes not cyanobacteria, as their photobionts. Twenty-seven families and 29 genera of nematodes, and four collembolan species were identified in crust and rhizosphere communities. Autotrophic denitrifying bacteria were not detectable with the method employed. The biological crust occurred among a vascular plant community with Robinia pseudoacacia, Rubus flagellaris, Bromus inermis, and Vicia villosa as the most abundant tree, shrub, graminoid, and non-grass herbaceous plants, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microbial crust community composition in xeric patches of northwestern Ohio. Moreover, our report includes a report of soil nematode or collembolan communities associated with soil biological crust communities.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68722246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of prescribed fire on physiology and growth of Acer rubrum and Quercus spp. seedlings in an oak-pine forest on the Cumberland Plateau, KY1","authors":"N. L. Gilbert, S. Gleeson, S. Johnson, S. Gleeson, B. Blankenship, M. Arthur","doi":"10.2307/3557544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557544","url":null,"abstract":"GILBERT, N. L. (Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546), S. L. JOHNSON (Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Mufreesboro, TN, 37132) S. K. GLEESON (Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546), B. A. BLANKENSHIP AND M. A. ARTHUR (Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546). Effects of prescribed fire on physiology and growth of Acer rubrum and Quercus spp. seedlings in an oak-pine forest on the Cumberland Plateau, KY. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 253-264. 2003.-Poor survival of oak regeneration has been attributed to fire suppression and the physiological limitations imposed by the increasing dominance of competitors, especially red maple (Acer rubrum L.). We examined the physiological responses of red maple, chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea Muenchh.) seedlings following a prescribed fire in an upland oak-pine forest in eastern Kentucky. Immediately following fire, seedlings on burned sites had significantly greater foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg than seedlings on unburned sites; this effect of treatment diminished over the first growing season. Seedlings on burned sites also demonstrated significantly higher photosynthetic potential and had greater relative growth rates of diameter and height through the second and third growing seasons postfire. Among species, chestnut oak consistently had the greatest foliar concentrations of all nutrients, with red maple being intermediate and scarlet oak the lowest. Both oaks had significantly greater maximum photosynthesis than red maple, but there were no significant differences among species for diameter or height relative growth rates. Treatment by species interactions indicated that red maple seedlings were significantly taller than oaks on the burned site, while there were no differences in height among species on the unburned site. Although a single fire improved the performance of all species, our results suggest no improvement in the status of oak regeneration based on post-fire seedling physiology and growth.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68722284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The abundance, distribution and edge associations of six non-indigenous, harmful plants across North Carolina1","authors":"R. Merriam","doi":"10.2307/3557546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557546","url":null,"abstract":"transects. L. japonica occupied an average of 25.9% of all edge types, highest in the piedmont but fairly evenly distributed on edge types. L. sinense occupied an average of 7.5% of all edge types, highest along rivers and streams. R. multiflora occupied an average of 4.8% of all edges, highest along rivers and streams of the mountainous west. P. lobata occupied 2.4% of all edges, fairly evenly distributed on edge types. A. altissima occupied 1.7% of edges, especially high along railroad rights-of-way of the piedmont. C orbiculatus occupied 0.6% of all edge types, highest along railroads of the mountains. Based on rates of accumulation of specimens in university herbaria, their rate of spread across the state was calculated and expressed as percent increase in counties reporting occurrences per year: R. multiflora = 8.63;","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68721848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species and Vegetation Responses to Prescribed Fire in a Long-Unburned, Endemic-Rich Lake Wales Ridge Scrub","authors":"C. Weekley, E. Menges","doi":"10.2307/3557545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3557545","url":null,"abstract":"WEEKLEY, C. W. AND E. S. MENGES (Archbold Biological Station, P.O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862). Species and vegetation responses to prescribed fire in a long-unburned, endemic-rich Lake Wales Ridge scrub. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 265-285. 2003.-We studied the effects of prescribed fire on a long-unburned oak scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge of central Florida. We quantified postburn survival of 12 endemic plants by censusing tagged individuals before and after fire, assessed postfire changes in the composition and structure of the scrub community, and investigated the effect of postfire cover changes in subcanopy, shrub, litter, lichen and Polygonella myriophylla on herb abundance. We found that eight of the 12 endemics had postburn resprouting rates varying from -15% to 98%, while four species were killed by fire. Postburn reductions in subcanopy, shrub, litter, lichen and P. myriophylla cover were paralleled by increases in the abundance of scrub herbs. While some scrub herbs resprouted, most postburn increases in herb abundance were due to seedling recruitment.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"130 1","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3557545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68722310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}