Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society最新文献

{"title":"Upland old-field succession in southeastern New Hampshire1","authors":"Lauren F. Howard, Thomas D. Lee","doi":"10.2307/3088683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088683","url":null,"abstract":"HOWARD, L.F AND T.D. LEE. (Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824). Upland old-field succession in southeastern New Hampshire. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 60-76. 2002.A 22-site chronosequence was used to study old-field successional communities in Transition Hardwood forests of Durham, NH. Sites ranged from recently abandoned fields to hemlock forests greater than 200 years old. Trees, shrubs, and herbs were sampled in nested quadrats, and importance values were calculated. Increment borings were used to determine site ages. Five woody community types were identified using cluster analysis and ordination: 1) Gray Dogwood and 2) Juniper-Blackberry-Sweetfern (both early-successional, 14-23 years since abandonment), 3) White Pine and 4) Oak-Viburnum (both mid-successional, 50-150 years since abandonment), and 5) Hemlock (late-successional, 100-200+years since abandonment). Six herb stratum associations were found: 1) Kentucky Bluegrass and 2) Goldenrod-Dewberry-Buckthorn (both early-successional), and 3) Pennsylvania Sedge, 4) Wild Sarsaparilla, 5) Canada Mayflower, and 6) Canada Yew (all mid-late successional). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) declined exponentially over the 200-year chronosequence, and the temporal importance of woody species in the understory was associated with particular forest floor light levels. Actual succession at individual sites with similar soils may also be modified by previous land-use history, differential seed availability, and post-agricultural disturbance.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"129 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire regimes and stand dynamics in an upper montane forest landscape in the southern Cascades, Caribou Wilderness, California1","authors":"A. Taylor, M. N. Solem, M. N. Solem, Caribou Wilderness","doi":"10.2307/3088667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088667","url":null,"abstract":"fir forests experienced more high severity (38-75%) fire than other forest types (13-25%). Fire rotation varied by time period, and was shortest in the pre Euro-American period (76 yr), longer in the settlement period (177 yr), and longest in the fire suppression (577 yr) period. The average extent of a fire was small (150 ha). Lodgepole pine-red fir, white fir-Jeffrey pine, and red fir-white fir forests are changing in composition but lodgepole pine and red fir-western white pine forests are compositionally stable. Recurring fire in the presettlement period maintained fire-dependent pines but fire suppression is now causing shifts in species composition and changes in landscape scale vegetation patterns similar to those in lower montane forests.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blowdown Dynamics in Oak-Hickory Forests of the Missouri Ozarks","authors":"A. Rebertus, A. Meier","doi":"10.2307/3088668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088668","url":null,"abstract":"REBERTUS, ALAN J. AND ALBERT J. MEIER (School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211) Blowdown Dynamics in Oak-Hickory Forests of the Missouri Ozarks. J Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:362369. 2001.-Several studies in the literature have relied on public land survey (PLS) notes from the 1800's to reconstruct historical blowdown rates in eastern deciduous-conifer forests, but assessment of contemporary blowdown regimes in the region has not received much attention. We used an approach similar to the PLS method, and sampled 105 km of transect to determine whether oak (Quercus) dieback led to extensive secondary blowdown of patches 2500 m2 in 50to 100-year-old oak-hickory forests in the Missouri Ozarks. Few studies of wind disturbance have focused on even-aged, second-growth stands, even though such stands predominate in eastern deciduous forests. From 1986-1996, blowdowns 2500 m2 disturbed 1.42% of the landscape; for patches 0.05-2.5 ha, only 0.63% of the landscape was disturbed. Although extensive oak dieback occurred in the 1980's and 90's, most of the decline was distributed diffusely through stands, and coarser patches of windthrow were uncommon. Shade-intolerant scarlet oaks (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) dominated the pre-disturbance canopy and were the dominant treefalls, but two-thirds of new regeneration in blowdowns consisted of white oaks (Quercus alba L.), hickories (Carya spp. L.), and flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.). Blowdowns appeared to leave the understory intact, favoring future dominance by species with intermediate shade tolerance.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"28 1","pages":"362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noteworthy plants reported from the Torrey Range-2000","authors":"E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald, E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald","doi":"10.2307/3088674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Experimental Defoliation and Leaf Height Affect Growth and Reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum","authors":"T. Rooney, D. Waller","doi":"10.2307/3088671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088671","url":null,"abstract":"ROONEY, THOMAS P. AND DONALD M. WALLER (Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison WI 53706). How experimental defoliation and leaf height affect growth and reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128: 393-399. 2001.-Both defoliation and higher leaf placement can reduce growth in herbaceous plants. We examined variation in relative growth rate (RGR) and reproduction in response to defoliation and leaf height in Trillium grandiflorum at 4 sites in northern Wisconsin, USA. Plant biomass and the probability of flowering increased with increased leaf height. Analyses of covariance revealed that experimental defoliation and leaf height separately and independently reduced individual RGR, and accounted for about 42% of the total variance in RGR. Defoliation in 1998 had no effect on flowering in 1999, but leaf height in 1998 was positively associated with the likelihood of flowering in 1999. RGR and plant responses to defoliation varied among sites. We conclude that defoliation and leaf height reduce RGR over short time scales.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"393-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and presettlement tree species composition of some upland forests in northern Mississippi1","authors":"J. Stephen Brewer","doi":"10.2307/3088666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088666","url":null,"abstract":"compared present-day tree species composition of the two old-growth forests and the two younger forests with the composition of bearing trees (i.e., trees identified by land surveyors in the 1830s) in upland and lowland areas within townships encompassing the four sites. Bearing tree samples were similar in composition to an explorer's account of old-growth woodlands that dominated the region during sparse subsistence settlement by Chickasaw Indians. There were striking differences between present-day and bearing-tree samples. One of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) was more similar in species composition to the mid-successional secondgrowth forests than to bearing-tree samples. The shade-intolerant, but fire-tolerant, Quercus marilandica Muenchh. was nearly absent from present-day upland forests (< 1% of all stems 2 10 cm dbh; range 0-3%) but was the most common species among presettlement upland trees (42% of all bearing trees in the township containing the field sites). Liquidambar styraciflua L., often regarded as both a pioneer species and a common constituent of alluvial floodplain and mesophytic terrace forests, was the single most abundant tree species in the understory and midcanopy of one of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) and in all size classes of trees of both younger forests. It was completely absent from presettlement records of upland trees, but was an abundant bearing tree in nearby sections containing lowland alluvial forests. I hypothesize that open oak woodlands dominated the upland landscape of Lafayette County, Mississippi before extensive settlement. These woodlands were neither mid-successional nor late-successional forests but were a unique fire-dependent community type that is absent from north Mississippi today.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rediscovery of Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (Ericaceae) in New Jersey","authors":"S. Glenn","doi":"10.2307/3088673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088673","url":null,"abstract":"Ledum groenlandicum, Labrador tea, is an ericaceous evergreen shrub of acidic, wet areas common to northern regions of North America. The range has historically been reported as far south as northern New Jersey (Britton and Brown 1897; Gleason and Cronquist 1991). Reports and herbarium vouchers intimated that this species was restricted to Morris and Sussex Counties. However, the latest New Jersey Natural Heritage ranking for L. groenlandicum in Morris County is SX. -species that have been determined or are presumed to be extirpated, documented from a single location (NJ Natural Heritage Program 1999). Hough (1983) stated \"verified Morris County site 1977, recently reported destroyed.\" The Morris County's occurrences are well documented for the single location between Dover and Mount Hope. This area was a larch swamp discovered by Mr. M. E. Palmer, a Budd Lake resident who with Kenneth Mackenzie visited and first collected specimens from this site in 1918, the earliest record: Mackenzie 8390, (CHRB, NY). This area was given the appellation of \"Palmer's Bog\" by Mackenzie (1918) in his follow-up article. Other vouchers were gathered from approximately the same site: \"Dover,\" 1932, J. L. Edwards 774, (CU); \"0.75 miles SSW of Mt. Hope,\" 1948, J. L. Edwards s.n., (CHRB); \"North of Mt. Pleasant Avenue between Mt. Hope and Dover,\" 1958, Frank Hirst 43, (PH). No vouchers were found for Morris County at BKL, GH, NYS, SIM, or YU (herbaria abbreviations based on Holmgren, et al., 1990). Unfortunately, this Morris County location experienced vast disturbance, including housing, construction of Interstate 80, and shopping malls that obliterated all trace of the larch swamp and","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density, dispersion and population genetics of a Silene latifolia seed bank from southwestern Virginia1","authors":"P. A. Peroni, R. Armstrong","doi":"10.2307/3088672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088672","url":null,"abstract":"in the soil were >-10 mo old. We compared the genetic composition of the seed bank with that of the above ground plants and the seed crop produced that year by scoring individuals from each cohort for sex and genotype at 7 polymorphic isozyme loci. A total of 99 white campion seedlings emerged from the 70 cores collected (mean density of seedlings per core = 1.41 + 4.37, n = 70 cores; 535.29 seedlings/m2). The frequency distribution for seedling density per core deviated significantly from that predicted by a Poisson distribution, and the results of this analysis indicate a clumped dispersion pattern. The observed genotype frequencies in each cohort did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg predictions, and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the above and below ground cohorts. Sex ratios in each cohort did not deviate significantly from 1:1. The results indicate that this white campion population maintains a dormant seed bank that provides an unbiased reservoir of genetic variation for the characters we investigated.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand-level effects on the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat in Adirondack northern hardwood forests1","authors":"Gregory G. McGee","doi":"10.2307/3088669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088669","url":null,"abstract":"GREGORY G. MCGEE (State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210). Stand-level effects on the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat in Adirondack northern hardwood forests. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:370-380. 2001.-The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if decaying logs provide critical habitat for any vascular plants in Adirondack northern hardwood forests; and (2) whether environmental factors that vary at the stand-scale influence the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat. Herbaceous ramet densities and woody seedling/sapling basal area were characterized on well-decayed logs and adjacent forest floor microsites in three northern hardwood stand types: old-growth, partially-cut, and 15to 29-year-old shelterwoods. No common herbaceous species were restricted to the log microsites, although Dryopteris intermedia had greater densities on logs. Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis and Abies balsamea all attained greater basal areas (stems --15.0 cm diameter at the root collar) on decaying logs, while Acer pensylvanicum, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia and Viburnum alnifolium had greater basal areas on forest floor microsites. Average (+ 1 SD) total basal area of woody stems was greatest in the shelterwoods (1775 + 615 mm2 m-2), compared to the partially-cut (714 + 266 mm2 m-2) and old-growth (503 + 657 mm2 m-2) stands. Betual alleghaniensis accounted for a substantial proportion of the basal area in the shelterwoods. In these shelterwood stands B. alleghaniensis basal areas were not statistically discernible between the forest floor and log microsites (P = 0.07). However, in partially-cut stands, B. alleghaniensis basal area was greater on the decaying log microsites (P = 0.05). In the old-growth stands, no B. alleghaniensis stems > 2 cm diameter were sampled. This study indicates that decaying logs provide early establishment sites for some tree species and the fern, D. intermedia, in northern hardwood forests. While B. alleghaniensis favored logs as establishment sites in the partially-cut stands, this species was capable of widespread establishment throughout the shelterwood stands. Even though B. alleghaniensis readily germinated on decaying logs, its recruitment into larger sapling size classes appeared to be consistently limited by factors varying at the stand level (e.g., light levels).","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High white-tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs1","authors":"R. C. Anderson, E. Corbett, M. Rebecca, T. Kelley, M. R. Anderson, G. A. CORBETr, T. Kelley","doi":"10.2307/3088670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088670","url":null,"abstract":"ANDERSON, R. C., E. A. CORBETT, M. R. ANDERSON, G. A. CORBETr, AND T. M. KELLEY (4120-Department of Biological Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120). High white tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:381-392, 2001.-We studied the effect of deer browsing on prairie forbs under conditions of high deer density (30 to 42 deer km -2) on a single remnant tallgrass prairie in the Illinois Department of Natural Resources' Heidecke Lake Fish and Wildlife Area in northeastern Illinois. Almost no grasses or sedges were browsed and the frequency of browsing of graminoids was nearly the same in deer exclosure and reference plots. In contrast, deer browsed 3.5% to 18.9% of the standing crop of forb stems depending upon time of sampling. Deer selectively browsed 26% percent of the 100 species of forbs sampled in at least one of nine samples taken over three growing seasons. However, most species (17 of 26 selected species) were selected in only one sample. Highest browsing intensity occurred during late June and early July. Flowering stems of 3 species of forbs were significantly less abundant in the reference plots than in the exclosure plots, indicating a potentially adverse effect of deer browsing on the reproductive success of these prairie forbs. Deer are most likely to influence prairie vegetation by causing a shift in plant species abundance and competitive abilities in a way that favors grasses over forbs and reduces prairie plant diversity.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":"128 1","pages":"381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}