Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research最新文献

{"title":"Accessibility of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis Control Strategies in Selected Indigenous People Communities in the Philippines.","authors":"Mary Ann J Ladia, Vicente Y Belizario, Deanna Lis Pauline F Cubarrubias, Audrey Marie D L Agustin","doi":"10.47895/amp.vi0.6439","DOIUrl":"10.47895/amp.vi0.6439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indigenous peoples (IPs) remain vulnerable to soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) due to limited access to sanitary toilets, clean water, quality health education, and services. The World Health Organization recommends periodic mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelminthics, health education, and improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) as control strategies to reduce morbidities caused by STH in target populations such as school-age children (SAC).This paper complements the published results of the parasitological survey (prevalence and intensity of STH) conducted in selected Aeta and Ata-Manobo communities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the accessibility of STH control strategies to respond to the needs of SAC in IP communities in Pampanga and Davao del Norte, the Philippines. It likewise intended to describe access of these IP communities to STH control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on accessibility of and access to STH control strategies were collected using key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Eleven officials and workers from the departments of health and education, local government units, and two IP leaders were interviewed on the existing STH burden in SAC, implementation of STH control strategies, particularly of MDA, health education campaigns, and improvements in WASH including good practices and challenges in program implementation.Three FGDs with parents, elementary school teachers of IP schools, and rural health midwives were conducted separately. Guide questions focused on accessibility of and access to STH prevention and control strategies for SAC in IP communities. Informed consent to conduct and record KIIs and FGDs were obtained from participants prior to participation.Analysis of a multi-disciplinary team was based on the accessibility framework for IPs accessing indigenous primary health care services by Davy et al. (2016).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The characteristics of the STH control strategies and the target populations are interrelated factors that influence accessibility. Challenges in the availability of the MDA program, particularly, inadequate staffing, drug shortages, and delays in delivery affect accessibility of and access to the free STH control strategies. Perceived harm, adverse events, stigma, beliefs, and practices likewise affect access. Lack of information on the similarity of treatment through community- and school-based MDA programs also affected engagement of SAC.IP communities are special settings where geographic isolation, peace and order situation as well as water supply need to be considered to help ensure access to STH control strategies, high MDA coverage, and improvements in WASH leading to desired outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the context of IP communities and addressing the challenges in the accessibility of and access to STH cont","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to some aspects of the digestive tract anatomy and food evacuation of the Pacific fat sleeper Dormitator latrifrons","authors":"M. A. Aréchiga-Palomera, H. Nolasco‐Soria, O. Carrillo-Farnés, Karen N. Nieves-Rodríguez, F. Vega-Villasante","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3038","url":null,"abstract":"The development of feeding protocols and the study of gastric evacuation or passage of food through the digestive tract is essential to generate information on the digestive physiology of organisms, as they help to quantify the daily ration to avoid any poor diet. In this sense, the present work aims to demonstrate some basic aspects of the fish Dormitator latifrons digestive physiology by evaluating the transit of food through the intestinal tract as a function of time. In a completely randomized standard design, juveniles of D. latifrons were fed ad libitum with commercial pellets. Five conditioned organisms were sacrificed every hour after a single feeding. The food bolus was collected at each sampling point, using polynomial regression models to analyze the passage of food through time in the digestive tract. The passage of food showed a nonlinear behavior in time, being the simple exponential decay model of two parameters (R2 = 0.630; P < 0.0001) the best to explain the evacuation of food through the digestive tract. This knowledge will generate better feeding protocols for this species with commercial importance and aquaculture potential.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric morphometric analysis of the variations in cephalothorax shape of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium tenellum, Smith (Decapoda Palaemonidae) from two different coastal basins in Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Marcelo U. García-Guerrero, Nathali Martínez-Salazar, Andrés Ramírez-Ponce, Rodolfo De los Santos-Romero","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3017","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological variations of Macrobrachium tenellum prawns from two populations from locations in the Copalita and Colotepec riverine basins in the seashore of Oaxaca, Mexico, were studied with geometric morphometry techniques. The purpose was to find and explain significant differences in shape and size between the cephalothorax and the rostrum. Differences between sexes and populations were intended to prove intra and inter-populations. Results suggest low intrapopulation differences but significant interpopulation variation between specimens from different places, while a regression analysis suggests a higher correlation between shape and size only in males. The higher differences in places between and within sexes could be explained due to differences in environmental pressure. A positive allometry bias in males could indicate a sexual selection mechanism affecting mating.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45515008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproduction of Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) captured in the Mexican Central Pacific","authors":"G. Lucano-Ramírez, S. Ruiz-Ramírez, J. Rojo-Vázquez, R. E. Lara-Mendoza, C. Aguilar-Betancourt, G. González-Sansón","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3008","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the reproduction of snappers helps to manage and conserve them. The spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus is a gonochoric species caught year-round in Navidad Bay, Jalisco, Mexico. This work aims to analyze the reproductive aspects of the spotted snapper L. guttatus caught in Navidad Bay on the southern coast of Jalisco, Mexico. Analyzed fish came from commercial catches. Organisms were sampled monthly from January 1998 to December 2008, and total length, total weight, sex, gonad weight, and gonadal phase were obtained for each specimen. Histological analysis was performed to define the gonadal phase and measure the oocytes' diameter. The total length range in the catches was 14.0 to 61.0 cm; 2889 females and 2792 males were collected for a sex ratio 1.0:0.97. The oocyte development is asynchronous, with a diameter range from 33.9 to 407.9 μm. The testicle is of the lobular type, with a well-defined spermatic duct. A main reproductive season from June to September was identified, although fish with mature gonads were observed in all months. The best condition was observed before the reproductive period. Average lengths at sexual maturity were 30.09 and 30.05 cm for females and males, respectively; the average length of capture in females (32.2 cm) and males (31.7 cm) corresponds to 66.6 and 64.6% of organisms that had reproduced at least once before being captured. Given the importance and continuous capture of L. guttatus in the study area, we recommend further studies to improve the understanding of reproductive and fishing activities.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42780462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization, application, and effect of bacteria with probiotic potential from the prawn Macrobrachium tenellum in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico","authors":"Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Martha M. Cruz-Cervantes, Genaro Diarte-Plata, Salvador Granados-Alcantar, A. Luna-González, P. Álvarez-Ruíz, Ana S. Vega-Carranza","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3004","url":null,"abstract":"The prawn Macrobrachium tenellum is a species with high expectations for farming. However, like all cultivated species, it is exposed to bacterial infections caused by captivity and cultivation conditions. In this sense, probiotics in aquaculture have been used as an alternative against the excessive use of antibiotics in farming, thus preventing diseases. In the present work, 106 strains with probiotic potential were isolated, of which 77 are bacilli, and 29 are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) [(intestine (43), stomach (42) and hepatopancreas (21)] from the shrimp M. tenellum collected from a freshwater environment in Guasave, Sinaloa. Biochemical characterization of the isolated bacterial strains and molecular identification of the 16S ribosomal gene were performed. According to the hemolytic activity, the isolates MT4H2 (bacilli) and MT1E2 (LAB) showed gamma hemolysis (Ɣ), and the LAB strain presented catalase-negative. Both were Gram (+). They presented high hydrophobicity values (99.93 and 73.21%) in autoaggregation (90%) and coaggregation (99%). Regarding biofilm formation, both presented moderate capacity. On salinity tolerance, they grew in concentrations of 0 to 9% NaCl and a pH tolerance within a range of 5 to 9. Regarding enzyme activity, they exhibited activity in both proteases and lipases. Both presented resistance to some of the antibiotics tested. Only the strain of bacillus exhibited antagonistic activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. They were identified as Pontibacillus sp. and Pediococcus pentosaceus at a molecular level.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic, histopathological, and non-specific immune status effect of Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemose hydroalcoholic extracts against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio campbellii in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","authors":"Blanca Alicia Ramírez-Azpilcueta, N. García-Aguilar, A. Puello-Cruz, María del Carmen Bolán-Mejía, Bruno Gómez-Gil, I. Osuna-Ruíz, M. S. Morales-Covarrubias","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3051","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy of Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemose when added to the feed of Penaeus vannamei in an experimental infection with Vibrio harveyi (CAIM 1792) and V. campbellii (CAIM 333). Results show that the minimum inhibitory concentration for both extracts was 1.65 g mL-1, with an inhibition zone of 25 ± 1 mm (V. campbellii); 18 ± 2 mm (V. harveyi) for L. racemose and of 21 ± 2 mm (V. campbellii); 20 ± 2 mm (V. harveyi) for R. mangle. R. mangle gave a higher total content of phenolic compounds (4.50 ± 0.26 mg GAE mL-1) and flavonoids (2.60 ± 0.15 mg QE mL-1). The challenge with V. harveyi resulted in 70% survival for organisms fed L. racemose extract and 53% for R. mangle extract. The challenge with V. campbellii resulted in 80% survival for organisms fed L. racemose and 90% R. mangle. Histopathological alterations were observed in the hepatopancreas with hemocytic infiltration within the intertubular connective tissue. Also, tubules with severe cell detachment and tubular atrophy were detected in the positive control organisms, and organisms treated with R. mangle and L. racemose only had vermiform structures in the tubular lumen, cell detachment, and infiltration hemolymph in intertubular connective tissue. According to the analysis of the studied variables, it can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extracts of R. mangle and L. racemose reduced mortality, clinical signs, and organs and tissue alterations and improved P. vannamei immunity. It is possible to use these hydroalcoholic therapeutic extracts as treatments in shrimp-farm to enhance bacterial disease tolerance and prevent mortality.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45865105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus marine cyanobacteria: a scientometrics review","authors":"Caio Cesar-Ribeiro, Cristiane Santos Barbosa, Vanessa Terra, N. C. Ghisi","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2949","url":null,"abstract":"Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the dominant primary producers in the ocean and account for a significant percentage of oceanic carbon fixation. This review summarizes the available data in the literature (1992-2021; n = 480) using CiteSpace software to provide insights into the specific characteristics of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus genes that scientists can use for establishing future research directions. From 1992 to 2021, the most frequent and with higher centrality keyword was \"multiple evolutionary origin\" (0.43), followed by flow cytometry (0.40), because this period was the main method used to identify cyanobacteria. In 2001-2010, were \"sequence\" and \"gene\", both with 0.13 of centrality; this can be explained by the period when gene sequencing was developed. In the last 10 years period 2011-2021, were diversity (0.17); marine Synechococcus (0.10); Prochlorococcus ecotype (0.08); gene expression (0.14). Additionally, the migration characteristics of flow cytometry, genes identification methods, genomes, and ecotypes of cyanobacteria, indicate how future studies should focus in 1) molecular ecology: how genetic variability among different populations affects their adaptation to different ocean environments, 2) physiology: how this phytoplankton respond to changes in nutrient availability and solar radiation, 3) interactions with other living beings: how they interact with other organisms, such as bacteria, zooplankton, and fish, and how these interactions affect the dynamics of the ocean ecosystem, and 4) modeling: computational models are being developed to predict how the distribution will change in the future as a result of climate change and human use of the oceans.                                                   ","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights on expression and purification of a recombinant luciferase protein from the bioluminescence marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula","authors":"Carlos Fajardo, F. J. Fernández‐Acero, Marcos De Donato, Fernando Gómez, Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Mancera","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2898","url":null,"abstract":"Bioluminescence is interesting, among other reasons, for the various technological applications that have been derived from it. Among these applications, developing visualization techniques to record the expression of one or more genes simultaneously in real-time are particularly useful. With this in mind, this study aimed to generate a recombinant Pyrocystis lunula luciferase protein (Luci D2-3 partial CDS). As the main results, i) a fragment of 1467 bp of the luciferase (LCFb) mRNA of the dinoflagellate P. lunula, containing part of domain 2 and all of the domain 3, was cloned in the pET28a vector; ii) the constructed vector was used to transform Escherichia coli to express the recombinant protein and subsequently purify it through an affinity chromatography procedure using a His-Tag; and iii) the purified protein (~50 kDa) was further analyzed by mass spectrometry to confirm its identity. Despite being unable to perform activity tests with the luciferin substrate, the evidence from previous studies indicates that the recombinant protein obtained in this case is enzymatically active. Due to the limited number of currently available luciferases, synthesizing this recombinant protein represents a useful tool, especially in designing expression assays coupled to multiple reporter genes, thus expanding the palette of proteins available for developing this type of biotechnological advances.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48226332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of hyper melanosis in the Patagonian redfish Sebastes oculatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Scorpaenidae) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean","authors":"Jorge Sanchez, Fernando Burgos, Roberto Melendez, S. Klarian","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-2973","url":null,"abstract":"The coloration pattern alteration occurs at a low frequency in fish. The excesses of dark pigments in living organisms are known as melanism or melanosis, but a total blackening of the skin is known as hyper melanism or hyper melanosis. Little is known about why the extreme conditions of albinism and melanosis occur among fish. To date, there are no records of melanism for the genus Sebastes. Here, we report the first case of hyper melanosis in rockfish Sebastes oculatus (Patagonian redfish) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. In 2005, small-scale fishers from Quintay Beach (Valparaiso, Chile) captured a single individual of Patagonian redfish covered with an excess of dark pigmentation. The specimen had a total length of 35.5 cm, and we followed the literature available to determine its morphometric and meristic features. The measurements led us to conclude that the specimen was a black S. oculatus with a rare melanosis condition. Our finding contributes to the knowledge of this species, and we infer that this melanosis case was caused by genetic heritage or some intergenetic hybridization. Still, genetic studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46138447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of isolation on growth performance, behavior, and stress responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"A. Waheed, Hina Naz, Muhammad Wajid, Muhammad Saleem Khan","doi":"10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3019","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of isolation on the growth performance, behavior, blood hematology, and cortisol level of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were checked in laboratory conditions. All fishes were closely observed for behavior and growth-related parameters. The weight and diameter of both the control and treatment groups were measured before and after the trial of 28 days using an electronic balance and measuring tape, respectively. At the end of the trial, blood was drawn from the caudal fin to determine some hematological and hormonal parameters. Significant differences were seen in growth performance, cortisol level, and hematology, as weight gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, and daily food intake were significantly higher in the control group. In comparison, cortisol levels and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher in the isolated group. White blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean platelet volume, were significantly higher in the isolated group when compared to the control group. At the same time, the amount of granulocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelets was significantly higher in the control group. Isolated fish showed aggressive behavior towards introduced fish from the control group. Isolation increased the cortisol level, which indicates that the fish was stressed. It is concluded that isolation significantly affects the growth performance, cortisol level, and hematology of O. niloticus.","PeriodicalId":49917,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}