Leukos最新文献

{"title":"Capturing Luminous Flux Entering Human Eyes with a Camera, Part 1: Fundamentals","authors":"Siqi He, Hankun Li, Yonghong Yan, H. Cai","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2147942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2147942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86908926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-redesign of Lighting Products","authors":"J. Casamayor, D. Su, You Wu","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2131437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2131437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although there are numerous published studies that have helped to enhance our understanding about methods or approaches to eco-design products, there are limited publications that focus on the study of eco-redesign of lighting products. Redesign of existing products is one of the most applied design-related activities in industry, and eco-redesign is one of the most suitable eco-design interventions that can be applied by manufacturers when they want to include environmental considerations in their existing products. This type of eco-design intervention is incremental, which typically means less change, and therefore, lower investments of time, money, and correspondent risks. It consists of selecting an existing product from a given portfolio and redesigning it to reduce its environmental impact. This paper presents and demonstrates, with an example of a manufacturing company, a method to eco-redesign lighting products. The method is based in the iterative combination of an analysis-synthesis approach involving: (1) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impact of the lighting product, (2) Identification of the specific issues which typically cause the impact in the product life cycle stages and components, and (3) Specific eco-lighting design strategies to address the areas of impact (and causes of that impact) identified with the LCA. This method can be applied as a stand-alone method or be integrated into existing design and development processes and methods already used by companies, to facilitate its adoption, and hence impact. Insights and limitations after the application of the method are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72963846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations on the Correlated Color Temperature of Light Sources for Traditional Chinese Paper Relics in Museums","authors":"R. Dang, W. Liu, Huijiao Tan","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2143370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2143370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87749180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Luminance Uniformity Metrics Using Online Experiments","authors":"B. Abboushi, L. Irvin, E. Rodriguez-Feo Bermudez, Michael Royer","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2133964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2133964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Luminance uniformity of luminaires is an important design aspect that can affect perceived discomfort glare, luminaire efficiency, and visual satisfaction. There is, however, a lack of studies that evaluated the performance of different luminance uniformity metrics. This article presents results of two studies where luminance patterns were presented via online questionnaires and subjective ratings of uniformity were collected. Study 1 examined the performance of a uniformity metric based on the human visual system (UHVS) using a priori hypotheses, whereas Study 2 compared UHVS to four other metrics: Max:Min, Avg:Min, entropy uniformity (EU), and coefficient of variation (CV) using correlations and non-linear models. Of the metrics evaluated, UHVS performed best for predicting perceived luminance uniformity. In situations where a tradeoff between metric calculation simplicity and performance is acceptable, the use of CV is recommended.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73738028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Grid in Perspective for Road Lighting Calculations","authors":"F. Greffier, V. Boucher, V. Muzet, Sandy Buschmann, S. Völker","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2135529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2135529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In road lighting, calculations are made within the rectangular CIE grid while measurements conducted with Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices (ILMD) have a trapezoidal shape. We propose to build a grid that takes the observer’s perspective into account by projecting ellipses of adjustable dimensions than can match human vision or ILMD angular aperture and allow direct comparison with luminance images. Lighting standard criteria definitions remain unchanged and values of average luminance and longitudinal uniformity are equivalent. However, as the grid in perspective describes more finely the luminance distribution, the overall uniformity is lower than in the classical grid but more representative of observer’s perception. We present in detail our approach, give the corresponding code, expose calculations performed with this new grid and show an example of direct comparison between calculations and measurements.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79531531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Probability of Discomfort Due to Glare at All Levels: The Case of Outdoor Lighting","authors":"Joffrey Girard, C. Villa, R. Brémond","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2142133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2142133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To limit glare, lighting engineers need to estimate the level of discomfort produced by a lighting installation. Outdoor, most discomfort glare models predict a mean level of discomfort on a judgment scale, which corresponds to a “mean road user.” However, in real life, the inter-individual variability of the sensitivity to glare is large; predicting the mean discomfort does not describe the full pattern of responses in a population. We propose a methodology to model the Discomfort Level, computing the probabilities that an observer reports any of the levels of a discomfort scale. This methodology is demonstrated for outdoor lighting, where no probabilistic model is available. Using a dedicated psychophysical experiment, we extend the results of a previous study where a formula was proposed to compute the Glare Excitation due to a multi-source stimulus, at the Borderline between Comfort and Discomfort (BCD), with a background luminance consistent with outdoor lighting. This formula is first extended to other discomfort levels and background luminance levels, and strengthened thanks to a different experimental protocol and to the use of up to 10 glare sources simultaneously. From this experiment, a formula of the Glare Excitation is proposed in the range of outdoor lighting. Then, a probabilistic model of the Discomfort Level is proposed, allowing computing the probability of ratings at each level of an ordinal scale from the Glare Excitation computed with our formula. It is hoped that the proposed model avoids most of the modeling methodological caveats of previous discomfort glare models.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79090998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buildings, Lighting, and the Myopia Epidemic","authors":"K. Houser, L. Heschong, Richard W Lang","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2141503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2141503","url":null,"abstract":"Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is an eye disease that most often begins in early childhood and progresses through late adolescence. It was once relatively rare, but within a few generations it has grown in prevalence (Morgan et al. 2018; Williams et al. 2015), and is now a global epidemic of astonishing proportions (WHO 2016). Holden et al. (2016) predict that 50% of the world’s population will be afflicted by 2050, up from 34% today and 23% in 2000. A severe form of myopia (high myopia) is associated with increased risk of vision loss through glaucoma and retinal detachment (Williams and Hammond 2019). Current myopia interventions emphasize clinical treatments rather than prevention and focus on medications and refractive correction (Cooper and Tkatchenko 2018). Uncorrected refractive error has been estimated to cost more than $200 billion annually in global GDP (Naidoo et al. 2019). Many factors have been considered in myopia causation. Studies of genetic predisposition showed that the effect of any individual gene is small (Morgan and Rose 2019) and could not explain accelerating prevalence of the disease. This has refocused the myopia field on the question of whether changes in the human living environment are causing myopia. This thought progression is logical, not only because genetics are an inadequate explanation, but also because eye growth and focal length optimization are lightdependent. In the category of environmental influences, it has been proposed that excessive focus on nearfield visual tasks (Morgan et al. 2021; Wildsoet et al. 2019), circadian rhythm disruption (Chakraborty et al. 2018; Stone et al. 2013), and geographical and seasonal factors that influence light exposure (Cui et al. 2013) might be causative. However, in addition, and germane to this discussion, epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown that time spent outdoors is associated with myopia reduction (Sherwin et al. 2012; Xiong et al. 2017), while time spent indoors is a risk factor (Morgan et al. 2021). What is it about the outside lighting environment that can protect against myopia? Recent basic science discoveries have helped to crystalize a hypothesis. The light sensing proteins of animals are called opsins (Shichida and Matsuyama 2009). The human eye contains at least six opsins, four of which are involved in our visual function through rod and cone photoreceptors. The remaining two are the socalled nonvisual opsins, melanopsin (OPN4) and neuropsin (OPN5). Preclinical studies have implicated all six opsins in the regulation of eye growth and optimization of focal length (Brown et al. 2022). Melanopsin has a peak light sensitivity around 480 nm, a sky-blue color. This opsin has a role in systemic circadian function, but also regulates eye growth and focal length through its retinal expression (Chakraborty et al. 2022). Neuropsin is of special interest for this discussion because it has a peak sensitivity at 380 nm, a violet wavelength that is at t","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74405194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Design Procedure Based on Peoples’ Responses to Indoor Lighting","authors":"C. Cuttle","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2135530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2135530","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On the basis that an effective lighting design procedure should enable practitioners to reliably achieve positive responses from the people who will experience the lighting, the effectiveness of current practice is found lacking in that it is largely unrelated to peoples’ responses. Additionally, the calculation procedures widely used for devising indoor lighting solutions require the user to propose a solution and for the procedure to determine its performance. It is argued that a truly effective procedure would require the practitioner to describe lighting design objectives for the application, and for the procedure to derive the performance specification of a lighting scheme that would achieve the objectives. Evidence of changing attitudes among lighting professionals is identified, which together with recent research findings, has led to a proposal for reassessment of the purpose for which indoor lighting is provided based on peoples’ responses. The Lighting Design Objectives (LiDOs) Procedure is gaining use among professional lighting designers and is used to illustrate practical application of this notion. The implications of such a procedure becoming generally adopted for indoor lighting practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79467953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreceptor Enhanced Light Therapy (PELT): A Framework for Implementing BiologicallyDirected Integrative Lighting","authors":"B. Feigl, Drew D. Carter, Andrew J. Zele","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2123816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2123816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We introduce a lighting technology designed to produce photoreceptor-directed lights (PrD). This photoreceptor-enhanced light therapy (PELT) differs from conventional supplemental lighting by using multiple limited-bandwidth primaries to generate spectra that appear white, and that are tailored to produce circadian equivalent (CE) lights for selectively increasing or decreasing the relative activation levels of specific photoreceptor classes in the human eye. Rather than designing a device to match a spectrum’s shape, we optimize the available hardware, so it best matches the biological effects of that spectrum. It goes beyond three and four dimensions (three cones plus melanopsin) to consider the biological responses mediated via all five photoreceptor classes (including rhodopsin); the inclusion of a fifth photoreceptor class is non-trivial both in implementation and biological effect. Here, we describe the technical specifications of the PELT device and its calibration procedures. Photoreceptor-directed lights with variable melanopsin and rhodopsin excitations and equal photometric luminance are presented. Device application examples are provided that include personalized supplemental light spectra for patients with photoreceptor sensitivity loss, for healthy people exposed to extreme seasonal or work-related variation in their ambient lighting patterns, and as a stimulus generator to evaluate the effects of light on human health and behavior mediated via the melanopsin expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). In integrative lighting practice, the PELT method extends to dynamic control of the biological potency of the melanopsin and rhodopsin excitations over a large range, independent of perceived changes in correlated color temperature (CCT).","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87130764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trees in Daylight Simulation – Measuring and Modelling Realistic Light Transmittance through Trees","authors":"Priji Balakrishnan, J. Jakubiec","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2112217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2112217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trees influence daylight availability inside and outside buildings by attenuating, scattering, and transmitting light. They resemble a complex fenestration around buildings that change in form, materiality, and permeability based on species of trees, seasonal variations, and environmental or human interventions. The current practice of modeling trees in daylight simulations ignores this complexity and models tree crowns as cones, spheres, or cylinders with assumed reflectance or transmittance value. In this paper, the authors propose an open-source, low-cost method using photography and image processing to measure the on-site transmittance of a tree crown described as gap percentage. Gap percentage is used to generate a 3D primitive crown model that mimics the distribution of leaves and gaps. When used in daylight simulation platforms such as Radiance, the proposed model predicts vertical light transmittance and creates shadow patterns similar to the measured tree crown. The 3D crown model also predicts luminance and illuminance-based daylight metrics similar to a detailed morphological tree model. An open-source program is created and described to generate trees from measured gap percentage data based on this research.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89502379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}