Life Science Journal最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of Food Intake : A Complex Process","authors":"Swati Jain, S. Singh","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12401","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have created a wealth of knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate food intake, appetite and therefore weight control. The control of appetite is a complex mechanism and involves the coordination of inputs from both physiological and environmental sources. Early theoretical approaches were based on the idea that the control mechanism was dedicated exclusively to signals from glucose metabolism, amino acids or proteins, or adipose tissue. However, a complex system of biologic and environmental factors regulates our appetite. The brain integrates chemical and nervous signals to control hunger and satiety. These controls include sensory and gastrointestinal signals, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. This review paper summarizes the existing plethora of the highly convoluted process of appetite regulation and food intake.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45448923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antihypertensive Effect of Fruit Beverage of Crataegus crenulata Roxb. : A wild Shrub of Himalayan Hills","authors":"P. S. Negi, Ranjit Singh, S. Dwivedi","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12571","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological and biochemical studies of Crataegus crenulata syn. Pyracantha crenulata fruits have been carried out and an herbal formulation was prepared from its fruit juice. The small sized berries weighing 250 mg each and 4000±32 fruits in 1kg weight contain 25% fruit juice. Biochemical analysis of fruit juice quantified flavonoides content (2-3%), Vitamin ‘A’ (289 IU/ 100g), vitamin B 12 (110 µg/100g), Vitamin ‘C’ (57.8mg/100g), Vitamin ‘E’ (289mg/100g) protein (1.6%), calcium (3.79 mg/100g), magnesium (1.38 mg/100g), and potassium (1.39mg/100g). The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the herbal formulation from C. crenulata fruits in two forms of experimental hypertension: cadmium chloride induced and in normotensive control in animal module. Since the blood pressure fells down independently in the hypertensive and normotensive rats, the study strongly suggested C. crenulata possesses anti-hypertensive or hypotensive effects.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacities and Total Polyphenols in Various Edible Parts of Capparis spinosa L. Collected from Trans-Himalayas","authors":"M. Bhoyar, Gyan P Mishra, P. Naik, S. Singh","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12570","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenols in the methanolic extract of leaves, flower buds, roots and fruits of Capparis spinosa collected from trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh were assessed in an effort to corroborate its medicinal and culinary potential. Highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were observed in the leaves and least in dried fruit samples, even FRAP assay also illustrated the same trend. IC 50 values of DPPH assay was highly correlated with that of ABTS (R 2 =0.9084) and FRAP assay (R 2 =0.9771). However, IC 50 value of ABTS was reasonably correlated with FRAP assay (R 2 =0.5838). The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was recorded in the leaf samples (24.78 and 5.69 mg GAE/g DW respectively), whereas it was lowest in the dried fruit samples (4.07 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW and nil, respectively). The total phenolic contents were highly correlated with IC 50 value of ABTS (R 2 =0.9084), DPPH (R 2 =0.9388) and FRAP value (R 2 =0.9618). But, total flavonoid contents were highly correlated with ABTS (R 2 =0.7449), DPPH (R 2 =0.8791) and FRAP values (R 2 =0.9588). Thus, this study has validated the medicinal potential of all the edible parts of the C. spinosa.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48284094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and Palatability of Potential Indigenous Leafy Vegetable of Cold Arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India","authors":"Tsewang Rinchen, N. Singh, S. Maurya","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Not much attention has been paid to a wide range of indigenous leafy vegetables that can grow in high altitude harsh climatic conditions with minimal care. Therefore, a study was carried out on yield potential and palatability of indigenous leafy vegetables (ILV) that grows in trans-Himalayan Ladakh. Seven ILV viz. Fagopyrum tataricum, Rumex patientia, Fagopyrum esculentum, Amaranthus cruentus, Malva vertisilester, Lepidium latifolium and Atriplex hortensis that are being used by native people of Ladakh were recorded for their morphological characters, earliness, yield and other consumer preference traits. The highest yield was recorded for A. hortensis (1.80±0.06 kg/m2). The study suggested that A. hortensis and A. crunteus have high palatability and are most preferred by the consumers. Yield potential of the cold hardy A. hortensis is significantly higher and it is an early maturing crop. Therefore, detail studies on A. hortensis are required, and efforts need to be made for large scale cultivation of the species.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47546761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Budget of Crops and Weed Management to Enhance Crop Productivity in Cold Arid Ladakh Region","authors":"M. Raghuvanshi, J. Tewari, K. Pareek, Stanzin Landol, M. Raza, Jigmat Stanzin","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12568","url":null,"abstract":"Small scale agriculture is still the predominant characteristic of the Ladakh. It still has a great role in the economy. The region produces barley, wheat, vegetables and also involved in rearing livestock. The farming systems are unique and adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Ladakh. Currently, the largest commercial agricultural produce is vegetable, which is sold in large quantity to defence establishments and as well as in the local market. It was recorded that production remains mainly in the hands of small land owners. In all the surveyed villages, majority of area (75%) is under vegetable crops as compared to cereals such as wheat and barley (25%). Efforts/ energy (unit in each case= value X 105 k cal/ha/year) being put to grow vegetables are significantly higher than the total output and the situation is just reverse in case of cereals. Survey revealed the need of small scale interventions including scientific weed management. From total energy point of view, staple crop production was found to be energy efficient. Even though subsistence-oriented production remains the economic mainstay, livelihood strategies have diversified in the light of growing geostrategic relevance and significant socio-economic changes.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region","authors":"S. Niranjan, R. Kataria, M. Sodhi, V. Bharti, B. Kumar, Ajay Garg, M. Pandey, Ankita Sharma, Prince Vivek, Arup Giri","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12573","url":null,"abstract":"Zanskar pony, a native horse breed of Ladakh mainly used for transportation in Trans-Himalayan region of India, is well adapted to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Due to extreme conditions of the Ladakh region, better endurance of these ponies under hypoxic and extreme cold conditions is of utmost concern for their recruitment in Indian Army. In the present study, 12 young trained Zanskar ponies were evaluated during endurance exercise at an altitude of 3292 meter above mean sea level. The animals were subjected to carriage transport with 65-70Kg load or riding on a track of 5-6 Km. Physiological parameters viz ., pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) were recorded in Zanskar ponies during pre-exercise (T 0 ), post- exercise (T 1 ) and post recovery (T 2, 2 hours post resting) stages. Results showed marked increase in PR, HR, RR and RT post exercise time points. The mean values of PR increased from 49.83±4.62 to 73.67±21.54 per minute, HR from 48±13.60 to 75±15.82 beats/min, RR from 37.83±9.70 to 57.67±13.48 per min and RT from 99.62±0.34 101.04±0.53 °F from pre stress to post endurance stress. The mean SaO 2 level reduced significantly (88.58±6.75 at T 0 versus 64.00±18.70 at T 1 and 54.42±14.79 at T 2 ) post exercise. This indicated limited availability of arterial oxygen for tissues which could be vital factor for adverse change in some of physio-biochemical parameters. Though the trend of physiological response was similar for all the 12 animals, still variation at individual animal level was observed during endurance stress. In future, some of these physiological parameters along with biochemical and molecular parameters could be evaluated as potential biomarkers in selecting ponies with superior endurance trait specifically under hypoxic conditions.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47507833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Region Specific Hybrid Goat and their Performance Evaluation under High Altitude Condition","authors":"V. Bharti, Prabhat Kumar, A. Biswas, Krishna Kumar, D. Gogoi, D. Pawar, P. B. Deshmukh, R. B. Srivastava, B. Kumar","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12576","url":null,"abstract":"Goat meat (chevon) comprises an important source of protein to provide essential amino acids in addition to other meat and plant sources of proteins. Therefore, demands for chevon are huge from civil and defence sector in this region. However, there is limited availability of fresh tender chevon in Ladakh region round the year. Hence, there was a need of augmenting local availability of fresh goat meat by developing animal technology for fast growing region-specific crossbred goat for meat purpose that can efficiently perform under adverse climatic conditions prevailing in this region. The present crossbred goat was developed by using mixing genes of adaptive and meat traits through cross breeding between local goats (Changthangi and Gaddi breeds of goats) and Sirohi/Black Bengal goats. To develop this technology, we introduced Black Bengal and Sirohi from plain areas and native breed of goats viz. Gaddi and Changthangi goats for further adaptation and growth performance studies at Leh-Ladakh. After initial studies goats were divided into high altitude resistant/adapted and susceptible groups. High altitude resistant/adapted goats were taken for further cross breeding and pure breeding. All the kids produced out of this breeding were studied for physiological responses, growth performance, and blood biochemical parameters to know their adaptive and growth performance at high altitude. Crossbred kids of Sirohi ♂/Black Bengal ♂ X Changthangi ♀ had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain, adaptive physiological responses and blood biochemicals level as compared to exotic pure bred and other cross bred kids. These crossbred kids attained market weight faster than local as well as breeds from plain areas (Sirohi and Black Bengal goats). Average meat yield is 7-10 kg per adult crossbred goat if slaughtered at 9-12 month age. These cross bred (broiler goat) may be reared at Leh-Ladakh for meat purpose. Hence, this animal technology may help in increasing of fresh goat meat (chevon) supply to meet army’s and civil requirements in Leh-Ladakh.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomato Growth Promotion Induced by Stress Tolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas simiae in Arid trans-Himalaya","authors":"Diskit Dolkar, Phuntsog Dolkar, T. Stobdan, A. Katiyar","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12565","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas simiae isolated from Seabuckthorn rhizosphere solubilized insoluble phosphate at 4-40oC, pH 4-12 and in presence of 1-5% salt concentration. The optimum condition was observed at 28oC, pH 6 and devoid of any salt stress. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 was solubilized to a great extent than FePO 4 and AlPO 4 . The isolate possess plant growth promoting attributes such as IAA (32 mg l -1 ), siderophore (78%) and HCN (0.1 OD at A 625 ) production. Seed bacterization resulted in 30% and 51% enhanced shoot and root length, respectively in tomato seedling. Pot experiments revealed enhanced plant growth in P. simiae treated plants in both green shade net and open field conditions. Fruit yield was 9.8% and 19.8% higher over control in open and shade net condition, respectively.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Arid Agro-Animal Technologies","authors":"T. Stobdan","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12775","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the nutritional security of combatants guarding the extreme altitudes along the Himalayan frontiers remains a daunting task owing to the harsh cold desert climatic conditions, landlocked terrain and sparse vegetation. These cold arid regions are characterised by rugged topography, extreme temperature variations, low precipitation, high wind velocity, thin atmosphere with high UV-radiation and fragile ecosystem. The Defence Life Science Journal decides to bring out a special issue on the theme ‘Cold Arid Agro-Animal Technologies’ focusing on the significance of agro-animal technologies for nutritional security of the soldiers deployed in inhospitable environments as well as the local population who have been living and thriving in these harsh conditions of high altitude.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"95-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Characterisation and Genotyping of Allelic Variants of Beta Casein Gene Establishes Native Cattle of Ladakh to be a Natural Resource for A2 Milk","authors":"M. Sodhi, R. Kataria, S. Niranjan, K. Parvesh, P. Verma, S. Swami, Ankita Sharma, V. Bharti, B. Kumar, M. Iqbal, Stanzen Rabgais, Prabhat Kumar, Arup Giri, Sahil Kalia, Deepak Gagoi, P. Sarangi, M. Mukesh","doi":"10.14429/DLSJ.3.12574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14429/DLSJ.3.12574","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine milk is regarded as nature's perfect food due to presence of vital nutrients. However some peptides are generated after proteolytic digestion of β-casein that have opioid properties and may increase the risk of chronic diseases. There are 13 genetic variants of bovine beta-casein; out of these A1 and A2 are the most common in dairy cattle breeds. The A1 and A2 variants differ only at position 67, which is histidine in A1 or proline in A2 milk. Earlier published reports have indicated that A1 β casein could be responsible for several health disorders like diabetes, coronary heart disease etc. while A2 β-casein is generally considered safe for human consumption. In the present study, an effort was made to sequence characterize β casein gene and identify allelic distribution of A1A2 alleles in native cattle of Ladakh region adapted to high altitude and low oxygen condition. The data showed 2 non-synonymous variations in coding region, while 5’UTR was completely conserved. The 3’UTR showed 2 more variations in Ladakhi samples. Further, the genotyping in 85 Ladakhi cattle for A1A2 alleles revealed that in Ladakhi cattle, A2 allele is predominantly present as reported for some of the other Indian breeds. The frequency of A2 allele was 0.90 and frequency of A2A2 genotype was found to be 0.79 in Ladakhi cattle. The present data strongly indicate that local cattle of Ladakh with higher frequency of A2 allele and A2A2 genotype is natural resource for A2 milk.  Systematic efforts should be made for long term conservation and genetic improvement of this invaluable genetic resource of Ladakh.","PeriodicalId":49909,"journal":{"name":"Life Science Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}