Natural Areas Journal最新文献

{"title":"Wildflowers of the Adirondacks","authors":"S. Koptur","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.340","url":null,"abstract":"Though I was long familiar with Adirondack chairs, it was not until fairly recently that I visited the Adirondack Park, a park covering more than 6 million acres almost half of which is in forest preserve land. A landscape formed by glaciers, the large elevational range spanned (95–5334 feet) and numerous lakes and water features makes for many plant communities. The authors of Wildflowers of the Adirondacks wrote this book after years of teaching courses about the flora at the Cranberry Lake Biological Station of the State University of New York’s College of Environmental Science. If only I’d had this book at the time, it would have been enlightening and fun to use it exploring the woods, meadows, and bogs of this beautiful park. Descriptions of the plant communities are included, with lists of species representative of each (giving both Latin and common names). A variety of wetlands adds to the diversity of wildflowers as this area has bogs, fens, and marshes. Habitat shots give a feel for each community before launching into the flowers themselves. The focus is on showy, mostly herbaceous plants, with lovely photos to inspire enthusiasm and aid in identification. There are no keys, and I was amused to see dichotomous keys described as ‘‘an identification method devised by people who don’t need the keys for people who can’t use the keys’’! The decision of the authors to avoid jargon makes the book friendly and accessible, and like many popular wildflower guides, the plants are arranged by the color of their flowers or flower-like parts. The species are listed first under their Latin names, then their common names— perhaps due to the academic botanical training of the authors. It took me a while to realize that plants are arranged (after flower color) in alphabetical order of the plant families, then genus name. The plant descriptions are useful to help distinguish one from another, especially between multiple species in the same genus or family. I enjoyed the inclusion of colorful explanations and vivid common names, such as ‘‘lumberjack’s toilet paper’’ (largeleaved aster, Eurybia macrophylla). That particular common name cannot be found in the index, however, and were it there it might also be applied to some other species with large and soft leaves such as mullein (Verbascum thapsis), evidence of the value of Latin names in unequivocally identifying species. Some of the descriptions include an explanation of why the Latin name is appropriate, such as the names for two pink-flowered orchids. The pink lady’s slipper, Cypripedium acaule, can be understood when you know that pedium means ‘‘shoe’’ and acaule means ‘‘stemless,’’ as the leaves are all basal. The Latin name of the early spotted coral root, Corallorhiza maculata, makes sense when they say that coral implies coral-like, rhiza ‘‘root’’ refers to the underground rhizomes that resemble marine corals, and maculate means spotted, referring to the spotted lip of the flower. (I have always l","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"340 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem Services of the Buffalo National River in Arkansas","authors":"Margaret A. Young, K. Patel, Leah C. Crenshaw, M. Moran, Maureen R. McClung, William Haden Chomphosy","doi":"10.3375/21-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/21-45","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Buffalo National River is a scenic and ecologically significant resource located in the Ozark Plateau of Arkansas, USA. As a free-flowing and protected river, the Buffalo offers natural benefits to humanity (e.g., food production, carbon storage, recreation), known as ecosystem services. Using both market and survey data, we performed the first comprehensive valuation of the ecosystem services that the Buffalo National River provides to Arkansas residents. The total ecosystem services benefits in 2018 USD were valued at $20.5 million per year ($550/ha). Most of the value was concentrated in cultural services (i.e., recreation, aesthetics, cognitive development), which were responsible for over 70% of total value at $384/ha. Air quality regulation and the provisioning of water also made important contributions to the total, with values of $103/ha and $36/ha, respectively. Our study highlights the considerable economic value provided by the Buffalo National River in its current state. Recent economic activity, in particular intensive agriculture, has threatened these services and in the process created conflicts between different industries. These values are important to consider when making management and policy decisions that affect the region.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"293 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in White-Tailed Deer Browsing Selection of Hardwood Tree Species with Increasing Stem Height","authors":"Richard D. Sample, Chris Orpurt, Phoebe J. Habeck, Jameson M. Pierce, M. Ghaste, Joshua R. Widhalm, E. Flaherty, M. A. Jenkins","doi":"10.3375/21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/21-29","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To forage optimally, deer select individual plants highest in limiting nutrients, while avoiding individuals that are high in anti-herbivore defenses. For some woody species, deer may selectively browse on larger stems, which can provide a larger amount of younger, more nutritious tissue per individual. However, in some species, larger stems may possess increased levels of anti-herbivore defenses, ultimately discouraging deer from browsing on these larger individuals. We examined differences in the proportion of twigs and stems (individual seedlings/saplings/trees) browsed across three height classes for four species: blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx,), white ash (F. americana L.), sassafras (Sassafras albidium Nutt.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum L.), across multiple sites in central Indiana. Overall, we found that taller stems had a higher likelihood of being browsed, but smaller stems were browsed more heavily. We also found that sugar maple twigs and stems were most likely to be browsed, while sassafras twigs and white ash twigs and stems were least likely to be browsed. Our results indicate that under intense browsing pressure, preference should be given to smaller stems for protection, and that stands with greater vertical stratification of palatable species are more resilient to the effects of deer browsing.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"268 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43006559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollinator Abundance and Diversity Under Differing Wet Prairie Management","authors":"Jamie Barron, J. Beston","doi":"10.3375/22-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/22-13","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pollinator species have seen recent declines in abundance, generating conservation concern as well as alarm about the ecosystem services they provide. A common approach to alleviate pollinator decline is through habitat management, including restoration of degraded habitats and removal of invasive species, but apparent habitat improvement does not necessarily mean an improvement in pollinator abundance and diversity. We collected pollinators in colored pan traps at three sites at the Lacamas Prairie Natural Area, Washington: remnant wet prairie, restored wet prairie, and an area invaded by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). We used model selection to assess whether site and trap color explained variation in pollinator abundance, richness, and diversity. Pollinator abundance was similar at the native and restored sites with predicted averages of 9.06 (7.15, 11.48) and 9.51 (7.52, 12.03), respectively while a heavily invaded reed canary grass site had a significantly lower predicted mean of 7.26 (5.69, 9.26). Site was not included in the top model for species richness or diversity. All three measures varied with trap color. Habitat restoration and invasive species control at Lacamas Prairie appear to have benefited local pollinator populations, but evidence for differences in pollinator richness and diversity was weak. Further work, both characterizing the response of pollinator communities to wet prairie restoration and optimizing trap colors for monitoring in this area, is warranted.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"313 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Social and Ecological Predictors to Understand Variation within Ecosystems: A Case Study of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park PACE","authors":"Clare E. Aslan, S. Veloz, R. Epanchin‐Niell, M. Brunson, Benjamin A. Sikes","doi":"10.3375/22-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/22-12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Land management decisions have profound impacts on biological communities. Various administrative units are likely to implement different management decisions, with the result that consistent biological patterns that track administrative boundaries may emerge. To assess these relationships, we collected data on land cover, disturbance evidence, and tree communities in randomized sampling sites located in National Park, US Forest Service Wilderness, and US Forest Service Non-wilderness distributed across the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Protected Area-Centered Ecosystem (GRSM PACE). We examined how present-day values for these ecological responses were linked to both biophysical site characteristics (as the foundation for ecological communities) and jurisdiction type (as categories that integrate the combination of dynamic social decisions and management practices since initial designation). The variable representing administrative unit, jurisdiction type, acted as an umbrella indicator of the management trajectory and social influences that have affected a site and emerged as an important predictor of groundcover types (grass and litter), tree diversity, and wildlife sign at sites across the GRSM PACE. This was an exploratory study with limited sample size, so more data are needed to explore the mechanisms driving these relationships. These initial findings, however, suggest that differences in management activities alter the ecological trajectory of sites across the PACE. Given dynamic and diverse management practices, our data suggest jurisdiction overlaid on biophysical site information may be useful to rapidly assess how socially defined landscape activities impact biological responses, particularly when both are stressed by global change.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"284 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Healthy Nature Handbook: Illustrated Insights for Ecological Restoration from Volunteer Stewards of Chicago Wilderness","authors":"D. J. Robertson","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"336 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44391509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Resources Used by the Endangered Rusty Patched Bumble Bee (Bombus affinis) in the Midwestern United States","authors":"A. Wolf, Jay C. Watson, Terrell J. Hyde, S. Carpenter, Robert P. Jean","doi":"10.3375/22-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/22-2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The once-common rusty patched bumble bee (RPBB, Bombus affinis) has disappeared from most of its original range in eastern North America. As a result of this dramatic population decline, RPBB was listed as federally endangered in 2017. Unlike many endangered species, remnant populations of the RPBB often occur in urban/suburban parks and natural areas. This paper summarizes photographic records of RPBB floral use collected largely by volunteer community scientists in the midwestern United States, with a focus on Wisconsin, one of the species' remaining strongholds. RPBB were documented in 37 of Wisconsin's 72 counties. We identified flowers to genus in 772 of 803 digital images (some bees were not on flowers). Although 87 plant genera were identified, 76% of the flowers represented just 13 genera. Over half of the flower records (54.6%) were from Monarda, Eutrochium, Veronicastrum, Agastache, or Solidago. Incidental surveys from other states show a similar pattern, although additional genera have been shown to be used by RPBB. Our results support existing recommendations for plantings and habitat management favoring specific plant species, generally associated with native grasslands and savannas. Because the active period of RPBB covers a large part of the growing season, however, we also provide evidence for the importance of spring ephemeral woodland wildflowers (e.g., Dicentra, Anemone, Hydrophyllum) and late-flowering species of wetlands and wet meadows (e.g., Eutrochium, Eupatorium). A landscape that includes woodland, native grassland, and wet meadows provides floral resources that support all RPBB life history stages, including early-season queens, late-season gynes, and males.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"301 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flames of Extinction: The Race to Save Australia's Threatened Wildlife","authors":"D. J. Robertson","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.334","url":null,"abstract":"Devastating wildfires in Australia are recognized with designations such as Black Friday (1939), Ash Wednesday (1983), and Black Saturday (2009). But the wildfires of 2019– 2020 persisted so long they were named for an entire season: Black Summer. Climate change was largely responsible for setting the stage for the catastrophe: 2019 was both Australia’s hottest and driest year on record and included six of the continent’s hottest days ever. During the conflagrations, at least one-fifth of Australia’s forest cover burned, a figure unprecedented on any other continent. Most of the fires were in the forested temperate southeastern states of New South Wales, southeastern Queensland, and eastern Victoria. However, fires also overwhelmed Kangaroo Island off South Australia, remote grasslands in the Northern Territory, and woodlands in Western Australia. An estimated 327 plants and animals lost at least 10% of their habitat to the fires. Of these threatened species, 114 suffered staggering losses to their ranges. Among the reasons the Black Summer fires were so devastating to threatened species was that they destroyed huge portions of conservation areas. The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area and the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area lost 54% and 80%, respectively, of the acreage protected in parks and preserves. In February 2020, soon after the fires were contained by firefighters or extinguished by heavy rainfall, Australian journalist and award-winning science writer John Pickrell traveled to the burned areas to document the impacts by interviewing more than 80 research scientists, natural area stewards, Aboriginal rangers, wildlife rehabilitators, and restorationists familiar with the affected ecosystems. His work, and that of some of the recovery experts he consulted, was delayed by COVID-19 travel restrictions. In the end, though, his persistence led to this detailed and affecting account of Black Summer. Each of the book’s 11 chapters explores the fires’ effects on an endangered species. However, Pickrell uses these individual species as a springboard to examine the much broader range of challenges imperiling the continent’s threatened flora and fauna even before the wildfires. For example, in the sixth chapter, Pickrell profiles the iconic duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) as well as other species that share the platypus’s aquatic habitat. Platypus populations, previously decimated by the fur trade, were already under duress because riparian land clearing exposes streams to sunlight, which raises water temperatures above thresholds the monotreme can tolerate. Grazing cattle trample stream bluffs, eliminating burrowing sites. Agricultural runoff leads to eutrophication, fouling the habitat for fish, crayfish, mussels and turtles as well as platypuses. Drought, irrigation diversions, and dams reduce the size of streams, or dry them up altogether; platypuses are ungainly on land and are unlikely to be able to migra","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"334 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41831101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BOOK LIST","authors":"","doi":"10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/0885-8608-42.4.342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"342 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45423437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Long-Term Monitoring of Riverscour Plant Communities to Inform Science-Based Management","authors":"Stephanie J. Perles, Timothy Fotinos, Evan M. Raskin","doi":"10.3375/21-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3375/21-22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the condition of natural resources in protected areas is fundamental to their management and preservation. Long-term monitoring can provide crucial data for managers to prioritize management actions and subsequently determine their effectiveness. In five national park units in the eastern United States, the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program monitors rare riverscour communities—open habitats in which sun-loving plants grow over rocky substrates along high-gradient streams. Based on a decade of monitoring experience, we present recommendations for monitoring riverscour communities including sampling methodology, data collection methods, and subsequent management actions. Given increasing stressors from changing climate, invasive species, and altered hydrology, understanding how riverscour communities are changing is increasingly important to their protection.","PeriodicalId":49780,"journal":{"name":"Natural Areas Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"177 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}