{"title":"The Trends of Zionist Literature in the Middle of the Twentieth Century The Novel \" ,חרבת חזעהKhirbet Khuzah\": Smelinsky Blooms as a Model","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Hebrew literature described the settlement of Palestine as the return of the absent. Despite the obvious flaws in this understanding, And that it is a necessity of life and civilization that other people had to believe in an employee colonial consciousness, he produced a movement, and established a theory supported by all the coloial powers, Accordingly, he built his state and established a society that is still strange of its kind. Although eight decades have passed since his birth Arabic literature described the tragedy of Palestine, a sad description in the free Palestinian, Arab and human imagination, Its painful scenes have been repeated from the beginning of the last century until now, On the other hand, it has escalated to the present day, It was embodied in productions that reflected the Zionist collective consciousness in stories that prepared the Arab on the other side to the fullest extent, for more than one purpose. The first is the mobilization of the Zionist energies in one row, and the second is the weakening of the opposition’s determination under the influence of European and American propaganda and support. This was done through operations backed by a joint European-American media machine, which negatively affected Al-Arabi, This was done through operations backed by a joint European-American media machine, which negatively affected AlArabi, In contrast to the process of the Hebrew discourse supported and transcendental support, and rejecting the existence of anything else to the greatest extent. The mechanism of colonial support for this settlement did not stop and the succession of occupation and the expansion settlement annexation did not stop at the beginnings of the invasion projects, which was described by the fighters as fertile land and that they admire its nature to the greatest extent. and they will establish civilized projects on it that will serve them. More than that, they said: that it has become from this day their land without dispute and that its owners have nothing and do not deserve it, and the leaders of the hostile army forgot its poor inhabitants and children who hold the ends of their mothers' dresses hiding in them and look at the soldiers - their enemies - with sharp hatred looks and dig in their memories their images and forms while they were carrying their weapons, as the writer describe that, and that any children will come one day chasing their enemies to recover what they lost, as the writer predicted this on the tongue of one of the soldiers. Cargo vehicles came to carry the survivors of the killing from the people of Kherbat Khaza'a from their gathering place to where deportation orders are required, and the fighting vehicles carry the soldiers with their weapons parading the village and its surroundings and chasing the fleeing unarmed citizens from the battlefield that was carried out unilaterally. Which prompted the fighters to call the people of the country that they don't fight their en","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flying Outside the Flock: A Kafkaesque Reading of the Novel (The Taste of the Wolf) By the Kuwaiti Writer Abdullah Al-Busais","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The experience of Kuwaiti writer and auther Abdullah Al-Busais is remarkable for its originality and creative ability to question the intellectual and cultural systems in Gulf societies. Moreover, the novel (Taste of the Wolf) comes to put the issue of the role of social customs and traditions in making human identity in an eloquent, descriptive and anatomical language capable of analyzing social cultural structures. This research discusses the vision of the novel in discussing the impact of traditional societies on their children and on the formation of their identities in the light of Kafka's literature which experienced the same spirit: the spirit of monetary and cultural accountability of conservative societies, and the impact of this accountability in suppressing the individual identity of members of the group. This research will compare Kafka's novel (The Metamorphosis) and the novel (The Taste of the Wolf), after analyzing Kafka's biography, from a Freudian perspective, through the issue of the Oedipal relationship which was represented in Kafka's relationship with his father and society; which is the same relationship represented in Dhiban's struggle with his community. Then, the following section presents the most important details of the novel (The Metamorphosis) as a Kafkaesque reaction to his suffering in his Czech-Jewish society. The subsequent section of the study analyzes the novel (The Taste of the Wolf) in the light of Kafkaesque concepts, as an example of the link of society with the formation of cultural identity, the oppression of children, and the inability to move except through this complex social system. This is followed by the theme of transformation into an animal as the last part of this study analyzes Dhiban's identification with the wolf animal, and the link between this transformation and the transformation of the hero of the second novel, (The Metamorphosis), Georgios Samsa to a large insect, and the social and cultural significance of this transformation. Keywords: Kafka, Abdullah Al-Busais, Kafkaesque, Animal humanism, Human.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Around the Originality of the Dramatic Work of Louis-Benoît PICARD","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the problematic of the originality of the theatrical work of Louis-Benoît Picard (1769-1828). He repeatedly recognized that several sources of inspiration allowed the production of all his comedies to great success. The use of intertextuality as a methodological tool revealed in a text expose the relations of obvious or latent co-presence between several authors. This study clearly established that authors such as Molière, La Bruyère, Gresset, and Beaumarchais have had a major influence on the theatrical work of Picard. However, this is not without ignoring the influence of Picard himself on later literary productions. This intertextuality of Picard's work broadens the horizon of the decoding of its originality to decline in the effective adherence of his work to the cyclical changes that distinguish it from its predecessors. Keywords: Louis-Benoît Picard, theater, Originality, Sources of inspiration, Influence.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Damascene Historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Mualla al-Asadi (Died 286 A.H/899 A.D) and his Book \"Akhbar alSufyani\"","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to shed light on the Damascene historian Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Mualla al-Asadi (d. 286 AH/ 899 AD), and his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani”. It aims to define ibn Al-Mualla’s personal life, enumerates his sheikhs and students, explains his sciences and historical writings, and defines in detail his book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani” in terms of its title and subject, ibn Al-Mualla’s resources and methodology in it, what subsequent historians say about him, and its historical importance. The research concluded that ibn Al-Mualla assumed a distinguished scientific position in Damascus. He distinguished himself in the science of history and authored several books in which the most important is the book “Akhbar Al-Sufyani”. It was about the revolution of Ali bin Abdullah Al-Sufyani in 195 AH /811 AD, which was spread according to the narration of his student Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Ghazwan. The historian ibn Asaker has many of its texts. These texts show the features of ibn Al-Mualla’s approach and its resources in his book, namely, his adoption of the objective method in his composition, his commitment to the chain of transmission, his dependence on contemporary narrators, his keenness on the accurate history of the event, its interpretation, its partial details, determining its geographical location, and its inclusion of letters, speeches and poems. Keywords: Ahmad ibn al-Mualla al-Asadi, Kitab Akhbar al-Sufyani, Levantine historians of the 3th A.H/ 9 A.D century, Historiography of the Arab Islamic history, al-Sufyani Revolution in the year 195 A.H/811 A.D.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Argumentative of Dialogue of Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi (The Sixth Night of the Book of Enjoyment and Sociability as an Applied Model)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Argumentative studies are among the most important studies that investigate the relationship of discourse with the recipient in terms of influence and persuasion. There was a need to research the argumentative discourse mechanisms in order to know the intent of the discourse as a message that includes persuasive and influential dimensions. The argumentative view of the discourse goes beyond the aesthetic goal to the affective element through the communicative goal of the discourse, and also devotes rhetorical and artistic aesthetics to the formulation of influence and persuasion and highlighting it in the discourse. Argumentation is one of the most important means for the speaker to convey his perceptions to the recipient, relying on a number of mechanisms that contribute to achieving his goals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of argumentation of AlTawhidi in his book enjoyment and sociability, through an applied study for one sample,which is the sixth night; that dealt comparison between Arabs and Persians, relying on contemporary linguistic perceptions of the concept of pilgrims and its various mechanisms, the research is based on an applied textual study that attempts to reveal the reservoirs of ingenuity in arguing with the Persian other in a language based on argument and proof in presenting the monotheistic point of view defending the Arabs. The study discussed the mechanisms of Al-Tawhidi in justifying his argumentation in the studied sample; And the methods that he followed in forming an argumentative image are based on evidence and proof. The study adopted the analytical descriptive approach as a systematic path of applied research on the sixth night of enjoyment and sociability by examining the argumentative mechanisms adopted by Al-Tawhidi in defending the Arabs. These mechanisms have emerged in several methods of question and answer, and discussion of the issues, adopting the method of luring in order to reach the results. In addition to the method of measurement and presentation of evidence, the importance of argumentative mechanisms appeared in diversifying the method of presenting issues for discussion with multiple mechanisms that contributed to providing a communicative environment for discourse so that it was not confined to one side, but was interactive, which gave the results reached by al-Tawhidi a greater influential and persuasive value. An effective argumentative value also emerged for the linguistic mechanisms on which the discourse was based in the studied sample, in addition to investing the Japanese and artistic mechanisms in formulating the influential discourse in the formation of the argumentative discourse. The applied study of the pilgrims in the enjoyment and sociability of the sixth night is a model that gives an integrated picture of the contribution made by the pilgrims studies in studying the mechanisms of influence and persuasion in the traditional discourse in Arabic literature. T","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Reform and the Dilemma of Jordan’s Democratic Position","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at exploring the determinants of political reform, and the problems of democratic repositioning in Jordan. The study will focus on government's relationship with Parliament, and its stand towards Muslim Brotherhood, with security concerns linked to obstacles that stand in the way of the Jordanian democratic reform, along with Jordan’s rank indicators within the international democratic reports. This study was based on the following hypothesis: There is a positive correlation between the regional and international development trends and the deterioration of the economic conditions in Jordan, on the one hand, and the need for more political reform and democratic positioning, on the other hand. To achieve the study purpose, Historical and Descriptive - analytical methods were used. The study concluded that the political reform process has been stagnant, and it has multiple hitches, which may limit the political authority’s capacity toward sound political position. This issue file is being confronted with a lot of obstacles associated with political, constitutional, social, ……etc, that could be summarized as: 1. The absence of a real political determination to achieve political reform. This is due to the dominance of security concerns over the political mind of the Jordanian State. 2. The inability to unify the Jordanian national identity, because of the strength of subsidiary loyalties, at the expense of the national identity. 3. The Jordanian authority still dominates the parliament and there is no influential parliamentary institution. There is no Separation of powers, as the government has the right to issue the temporary laws. The centrality of the king’s role in the Jordanian political system. The King Appoints the Prime Minister and may dismiss him or accept his resignation. He appoints the Ministers; he also dismisses them or accepts their resignation, upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister, without any influential parliamentary role, despite the first parliament in Jordan was elected in 1929 before the declaration of independence. The study also, concluded that the deface of the political landscape has deepened the weakness of political parties, and the weakness of the opposition and electoral laws. The political reform stopped due to the end of the pushing effects. The Arab Spring have contributed to increase the reform, but the subsequent period has seen a marked decreasing in the political reform process. Keywords: Jordan, Political reform, Political positioning, Islamic movement.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The British Stance on the Arab Emirates in the North of the Arabian Peninsula during the First World War 1914-1918","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with a significant historical subject, focusing on the British stance towards the Arab Emirates in the north of the Arabian Peninsula during the First World War, particularly in relation to the British Conflict with the Ottoman Empire. The primary goal for Britain was to end the Ottoman presence in the region and counter the influence of local forces in the north of the Arabian Peninsula. To achieve this objective, Britain employed a combination of both cooperative and coercive methods. Furthermore, the study explores the support from the people of the north of the Arabian Peninsula for the Great Arab Revolt, a movement aimed at liberating and elevating the status of the Arabs. The revolution had the potential to succeed in its aims if not for Britain's failure to honor its promises to the Arabs. This study aims to understand the nature of the British position on the Arab Emirates in the north of the Arabian Peninsula during the First World War and assess the consequences of this stance on the region and the Arabian Peninsula as a whole. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the British plan to assert control over the entire Arab East and understand the circumstances and conditions surrounding the north of the Arabian Peninsula during the First World War. It also examines the reaction of the local forces towards the British intervention. The significance of this research lies in its examination of British policies towards the local forces in the north of the Arabian Peninsula during the First World War and the responses of these forces. It fills a gap in the existing literature, as most writings have primarily focused on the Najd and Makkah regions, paying little attention to the northern Arabian Peninsula. Keywords: ottoman Empire, Colonial Britain, Emirate of hail.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Diplomatic and Political Relations between the Kingdoms of Aragon and Granada during the Reign of Pedro IV (737-789 AH / 1336-1387 AD)","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the diplomatic relations between the Kingdoms of Granada and Aragon during the reign of King Pedro IV (737-789 AH / 1336-1387 AD). The study also explored the political conditions of the two Kingdoms, and how such political conditions contributed to the exchange of embassies and the conclusion of a number of treaties between them, such as the treaty of 745 AH / 1344 AD, the treaty of 759 AH / 1357 AD, the treaty of 768 AH / 1367 AD, and the treaty of 779 AH / 1377 AD. The study also analyzed the correspondence and terms of treaties between the two kingdoms. The diplomatic correspondence and treaties emphasized the depth of the relationships of friendship and affection between the two kingdoms, and also emphasized each party’s pursuit to preserve the security of its kingdom’s borders and its political, diplomatic and military relations. This consequently had some positive consequences, such as assuring the Kingdom of Granada that the Kingdom of Aragon would not attack its lands. Indeed, this will leave it with only the Kingdom of Castile as an enemy, which was seizing every opportunity to recover some lands from the Kingdom of Granada because she considers it her territory that must be redeemed. Therefore, the Kingdom of Granada gained an ally against the Kingdom of Castile who can support her occasionally. However, for various reasons, some of these treaties are violated by Aragon from time to time. The study has a reached a number of findings, most notably: The relations between the kingdoms of Aragon and Granada were not severed, but they were sometimes interrupted due to wars, which led to the signing of a number of peace treaties between the two parties; the expansion of diplomatic exchange between the two kingdoms to include embassies, with the aim of resolving some contentious issues between the two sides, such as piracy, prisoners, and sometimes military interests that required each party to support the other in their wars, especially with Castile. It also became clear that the treaties of peace and peaceful coexistence between Granada and Aragon were characterized by fluctuation because they were fragile and weak due to wars at times and peace at others. Other factors contributing to this fluctuation include the Sultans of Granada's commitment to uphold the will of peace in relations that are compatible with the interests of their state, as well as King Pedro IV's policy of pursuing Aragonese expansion through diplomacy and aid and assistance. Because of this policy, he was able to sign peace treaties with the Kingdom of Granada. Keywords: Treaties, Granada, Aragon, Diplomacy, Politics, Treaties, Pedro IV.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenges and Obstacles of Intellectual Capital among Academics in Jordanian Universities","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The current study seeks to know the academic, economic, and administrative obstacles to maximizing the intellectual capital of academics in Jordanian universities, using the descriptive analytical approach, applied to a sample of (600) researchers and academics, during the period from June (2021) to February (2022). The results revealed that administrative obstacles ranked first, to a high degree, due to the large number of teaching loads, the negative impact of routine on conducting research, the length of the decision-making period to support scientific research, the lack of scientific staff, assistance to carry out research, and the complexity of requests for procedures to support scientific research. Economic obstacles came in the second place, to a high degree, represented by the reluctance of the private sector to support scientific research, poor funding for attending international conferences, low financial rewards for researchers, poor university funding for scientific research, and reduced budgets for scientific research provided to researchers. Academic obstacles came in the third place, to a medium degree, represented by the length of the evaluation period, the reclassification of scientific journals from time to time, the length of the publication period, the complexity of publishing procedures, and the complexity of international standards for publication. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) in the scientific research obstacles scale, due to the variables: gender, specialization, current academic degree, and marital status. In the scientific research obstacles scale, they are attributed to the variables of age, number of years of experience, and monthly income. Keywords: Scientific research challenges, Intellectual capital, Jordanian universities.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mahmoud Darwish’s “Like the Flower of Almond or Beyond”: The Poem of Exile and the Narrative of the Self and Community","authors":"","doi":"10.51405/20.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51405/20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an in-depth analysis of Mahmoud Darwish’s Diwan “Like the Flower of Almond or Beyond” from the perspective of the self-narrative as part of the Palestinian collective identity and its relationship with exile as experienced and narrated by the poet. It becomes clear to the reader that the poet depicts, in this collection of poems, phases from his autobiography and from that of his community. The poet associates his personal narrative of exile with the traumatic Palestinian collective memory of successive tragic transformations generated by all forms of victimization such as exile into diaspora and uprooting from homeland the poet and his fellow countrymen were exposed to. In addition, the poet’s self-narrative reveals, at the same time, his perception of various issues such as death, love, childhood, old age, homeland,language, time, existence, and his view of the other; issues that are closely related to the life of exile that both the poet as an individual and his community lived in. The poet’s self-narrative also portrays, to a large extent, his vision, and the horizons he aspires to reach in this Diwan. Keywords: Mahmoud Darwish, Like the flower of almond or beyond, Modern arabic poetry, Exile poetry, Autobiography.","PeriodicalId":497675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Faculties of Arts","volume":"39 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134999235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}