Neural Development最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Embryonic development of a centralised brain in coleoid cephalopods.","authors":"Ali M Elagoz, Marie Van Dijck, Mark Lassnig, Eve Seuntjens","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00196-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00196-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminal differentiation precedes functional circuit integration in the peduncle neurons in regenerating Hydra vulgaris.","authors":"Alondra Escobar, Soonyoung Kim, Abby S Primack, Guillaume Duret, Celina E Juliano, Jacob T Robinson","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00194-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00194-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how neural circuits are regenerated following injury is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Hydra is a powerful model for studying this process because it has a simple neural circuit structure, significant and reproducible regenerative abilities, and established methods for creating transgenics with cell-type-specific expression. While Hydra is a long-standing model for regeneration and development, little is known about how neural activity and behavior is restored following significant injury. In this study, we ask if regenerating neurons terminally differentiate prior to reforming functional neural circuits, or if neural circuits regenerate first and then guide the constituent naive cells toward their terminal fate. To address this question, we developed a dual-expression transgenic Hydra line that expresses a cell-type-specific red fluorescent protein (tdTomato) in ec5 peduncle neurons, and a calcium indicator (GCaMP7s) in all neurons. With this transgenic line, we can simultaneously record neural activity and track the reappearance of the terminally-differentiated ec5 neurons. Using SCAPE (Swept Confocally Aligned Planar Excitation) microscopy, we monitored both calcium activity and expression of tdTomato-positive neurons in 3D with single-cell resolution during regeneration of Hydra's aboral end. The synchronized neural activity associated with a regenerated neural circuit was observed approximately 4 to 8 hours after expression of tdTomato in ec5 neurons. These data suggest that regenerating ec5 neurons undergo terminal differentiation prior to re-establishing their functional role in the nervous system. The combination of dynamic imaging of neural activity and gene expression during regeneration make Hydra a powerful model system for understanding the key molecular and functional processes involved in neural regeneration following injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the cellular expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor aa and bb genes and their receptors in the adult zebrafish brain during constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis","authors":"Danielle Fernezelian, Sabrina Pfitsch, Sepand Rastegar, Nicolas Diotel","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00195-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-024-00195-1","url":null,"abstract":"The complex interplay between vascular signaling and neurogenesis in the adult brain remains a subject of intense research. By exploiting the unique advantages of the zebrafish model, in particular the persistent activity of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the remarkable ability to repair brain lesions, we investigated the links between NSCs and cerebral blood vessels. In this study, we first examined the gene expression profiles of vascular endothelial growth factors aa and bb (vegfaa and vegfbb), under physiological and regenerative conditions. Employing fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunostaining and histology techniques, we demonstrated the widespread expression of vegfaa and vegfbb across the brain, and showed their presence in neurons, microglia/immune cells, endothelial cells and NSCs. At 1 day post-lesion (dpl), both vegfaa and vegfbb were up-regulated in neurons and microglia/peripheral immune cells (macrophages). Analysis of vegf receptors (vegfr) revealed high expression throughout the brain under homeostatic conditions, with vegfr predominantly expressed in neurons and NSCs and to a lower extent in microglia/immune cells and endothelial cells. These findings were further validated by Vegfr3 and Vegfr4 immunostainings, which showed significant expression in neurogenic radial glial cells. Following brain lesion (1 dpl), while vegfr gene expression remained stable, vegfr transcripts were detected in proliferative cells within the injured parenchyma. Collectively, our results provide a first overview of Vegf/Vegfr signaling in the brain and suggest important roles for Vegf in neurogenesis and regenerative processes.","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LRRK2 kinase activity is necessary for development and regeneration in Nematostella vectensis.","authors":"Grace Holmes, Sophie R Ferguson, Patrick Alfryn Lewis, Karen Echeverri","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00193-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00193-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, is an emerging model organism with a high regenerative capacity, which was recently found to possess an orthologue to the human Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene. Mutations in this gene are the most common cause of inherited Parkinson's Disease (PD), highlighting the importance of understanding its function. Despite two decades of research, however, the function of LRRK2 is not well established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the function of LRRKs in Nematostella vectensis, we applied small molecule inhibitors targeting the kinase activity of LRRK2 to examine its function in development, homeostasis and regeneration in Nematostella vectensis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo analyses inhibiting the kinase function of this enzyme demonstrated a role of nvLRRK2 in development and regeneration of N. vectensis. These findings implicate a developmental role of LRRK2 in Nematostella, adding to the expanding knowledge of its physiological function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our work introduces a new model organism with which to study LRRK biology. We report that LRRK kinase activity is necessary for the development and regeneration of Nematostella. Given the short generation time, genetic trackability and in vivo imaging capabilities, this work introduces Nematostella vectensis as a new model in which to study genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11308222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: scMultiome analysis identifies a single caudal hindbrain compartment in the developing zebrafish nervous system","authors":"Jessica Warns, Yong-II Kim, Rebecca O’Rourke, Charles G. Sagerström","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00192-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-024-00192-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction: Neural Dev 19, 12 (2024)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-024-00189-z&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported errors in the additional file:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. In the supplementary information section, the caption ‘Supplementary Material’ should be change to ‘Additional file’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. The additional files are posted in the incorrect order. See below table for the correct order and additional file captions\u0000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect captions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correct captions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 1: Table S1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 2: Table S2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 3: Table S3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 4: Table S4&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 5: Figure S1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 6: Table S5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 7: Figure S2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 8: Table S6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 9: Table S7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 10&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 10: Figure S3&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material 11&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additional File 11: Table S8&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. The legend/description of the additional files were missing. The missing additional file legends/descriptions were included as Additional File 12. Supplemental legends in this correction article.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The original article [1] has been corrected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"&gt;&lt;li data-counter=\"1.\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warns J, Kim YI, O’Rourke R, et al. scMultiome analysis identifies a single caudal hindbrain compartment in the developing zebrafish nervous system. Neural Dev. 2024;19:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-024-00189-z.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jessica Warns, Yong-II Kim, Rebecca O’Rourke &amp; Charles G. Sagerström&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Department of Science and Math, Northern State University, 1200 S. Jay St, Aberdeen, SD, 57401, USA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jessica Warns&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Jessica Warns&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141880845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A zebrafish gephyrinb mutant distinguishes synaptic and enzymatic functions of Gephyrin","authors":"Emma J. Brennan, Kelly R. Monk, Jiaxing Li","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00191-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-024-00191-5","url":null,"abstract":"Gephyrin is thought to play a critical role in clustering glycine receptors at synapses within the central nervous system (CNS). The main in vivo evidence for this comes from Gephyrin (Gphn)-null mice, where glycine receptors are depleted from synaptic regions. However, these mice die at birth, possibly due to impaired molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) synthesis, an essential role Gephyrin assumes throughout an animal. This complicates the interpretation of synaptic phenotypes in Gphn-null mice and raises the question whether the synaptic and enzymatic functions of Gephyrin can be investigated separately. Here, we generated a gephyrinb zebrafish mutant, vo84, that almost entirely lacks Gephyrin staining in the spinal cord. gephyrinbvo84 mutants exhibit normal gross morphology at both larval and adult stages. In contrast to Gphn-null mice, gephyrinbvo84 mutants exhibit normal motor activity and MoCo-dependent enzyme activity. Instead, gephyrinbvo84 mutants display impaired rheotaxis and increased mortality in late development. To investigate what may mediate these defects in gephyrinbvo84 mutants, we examined the cell density of neurons and myelin in the spinal cord and found no obvious changes. Surprisingly, in gephyrinbvo84 mutants, glycine receptors are still present in the synaptic regions. However, their abundance is reduced, potentially contributing to the observed defects. These findings challenge the notion that Gephyrin is absolutely required to cluster glycine receptors at synapses and reveals a new role of Gephyrin in regulating glycine receptor abundance and rheotaxis. They also establish a powerful new model for studying the mechanisms underlying synaptic, rather than enzymatic, functions of Gephyrin.","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"422 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neph1 is required for neurite branching and is negatively regulated by the PRRXL1 homeodomain factor in the developing spinal cord dorsal horn.","authors":"João Baltar, Rafael Mendes Miranda, Maria Cabral, Sandra Rebelo, Florian Grahammer, Tobias B Huber, Carlos Reguenga, Filipe Almeida Monteiro","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00190-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00190-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell-adhesion molecule NEPH1 is required for maintaining the structural integrity and function of the glomerulus in the kidneys. In the nervous system of Drosophila and C. elegans, it is involved in synaptogenesis and axon branching, which are essential for establishing functional circuits. In the mammalian nervous system, the expression regulation and function of Neph1 has barely been explored. In this study, we provide a spatiotemporal characterization of Neph1 expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord. After the neurogenic phase, Neph1 is broadly expressed in the DRGs and in their putative targets at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, comprising both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, we found that PRRXL1, a homeodomain transcription factor that is required for proper establishment of the DRG-spinal cord circuit, prevents a premature expression of Neph1 in the superficial laminae of the dorsal spinal cord at E14.5, but has no regulatory effect on the DRGs or on either structure at E16.5. By chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the dorsal spinal cord, we identified four PRRXL1-bound regions within the Neph1 introns, suggesting that PRRXL1 directly regulates Neph1 transcription. We also showed that Neph1 is required for branching, especially at distal neurites. Together, our work showed that Prrxl1 prevents the early expression of Neph1 in the superficial dorsal horn, suggesting that Neph1 might function as a downstream effector gene for proper assembly of the DRG-spinal nociceptive circuit.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"scMultiome analysis identifies a single caudal hindbrain compartment in the developing zebrafish nervous system.","authors":"Jessica Warns, Yong-Ii Kim, Rebecca O'Rourke, Charles G Sagerström","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00189-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00189-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A key step in nervous system development involves the coordinated control of neural progenitor specification and positioning. A long-standing model for the vertebrate CNS postulates that transient anatomical compartments - known as neuromeres - function to position neural progenitors along the embryonic anteroposterior neuraxis. Such neuromeres are apparent in the embryonic hindbrain - that contains six rhombomeres with morphologically apparent boundaries - but other neuromeres lack clear morphological boundaries and have instead been defined by different criteria, such as differences in gene expression patterns and the outcomes of transplantation experiments. Accordingly, the caudal hindbrain (CHB) posterior to rhombomere (r) 6 has been variably proposed to contain from two to five 'pseudo-rhombomeres', but the lack of comprehensive molecular data has precluded a detailed definition of such structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used single-cell Multiome analysis, which allows simultaneous characterization of gene expression and chromatin state of individual cell nuclei, to identify and characterize CHB progenitors in the developing zebrafish CNS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified CHB progenitors as a transcriptionally distinct population, that also possesses a unique profile of accessible transcription factor binding motifs, relative to both r6 and the spinal cord. This CHB population can be subdivided along its dorsoventral axis based on molecular characteristics, but we do not find any molecular evidence that it contains multiple pseudo-rhombomeres. We further observe that the CHB is closely related to r6 at the earliest embryonic stages, but becomes more divergent over time, and that it is defined by a unique gene regulatory network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that the early CHB represents a single neuromere compartment that cannot be molecularly subdivided into pseudo-rhombomeres and that it may share an embryonic origin with r6.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doublecortin-like kinase is required for cnidocyte development in Nematostella vectensis.","authors":"Johanna E M Kraus, Henriette Busengdal, Yulia Kraus, Harald Hausen, Fabian Rentzsch","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00188-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00188-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complex morphology of neurons requires precise control of their microtubule cytoskeleton. This is achieved by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate the assembly and stability of microtubules, and transport of molecules and vesicles along them. While many of these MAPs function in all cells, some are specifically or predominantly involved in regulating microtubules in neurons. Here we use the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as a model organism to provide new insights into the early evolution of neural microtubule regulation. As a cnidarian, Nematostella belongs to an outgroup to all bilaterians and thus occupies an informative phylogenetic position for reconstructing the evolution of nervous system development. We identified an ortholog of the microtubule-binding protein doublecortin-like kinase (NvDclk1) as a gene that is predominantly expressed in neurons and cnidocytes (stinging cells), two classes of cells belonging to the neural lineage in cnidarians. A transgenic NvDclk1 reporter line revealed an elaborate network of neurite-like processes emerging from cnidocytes in the tentacles and the body column. A transgene expressing NvDclk1 under the control of the NvDclk1 promoter suggests that NvDclk1 localizes to microtubules and therefore likely functions as a microtubule-binding protein. Further, we generated a mutant for NvDclk1 using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that the mutants fail to generate mature cnidocytes. Our results support the hypothesis that the elaboration of programs for microtubule regulation occurred early in the evolution of nervous systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic development of a centralised brain in coleoid cephalopods.","authors":"Ali M Elagoz, Marie Van Dijck, Mark Lassnig, Eve Seuntjens","doi":"10.1186/s13064-024-00186-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13064-024-00186-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last common ancestor of cephalopods and vertebrates lived about 580 million years ago, yet coleoid cephalopods, comprising squid, cuttlefish and octopus, have evolved an extraordinary behavioural repertoire that includes learned behaviour and tool utilization. These animals also developed innovative advanced defence mechanisms such as camouflage and ink release. They have evolved unique life cycles and possess the largest invertebrate nervous systems. Thus, studying coleoid cephalopods provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into the evolution and development of large centralised nervous systems. As non-model species, molecular and genetic tools are still limited. However, significant insights have already been gained to deconvolve embryonic brain development. Even though coleoid cephalopods possess a typical molluscan circumesophageal bauplan for their central nervous system, aspects of its development are reminiscent of processes observed in vertebrates as well, such as long-distance neuronal migration. This review provides an overview of embryonic coleoid cephalopod research focusing on the cellular and molecular aspects of neurogenesis, migration and patterning. Additionally, we summarize recent work on neural cell type diversity in embryonic and hatchling cephalopod brains. We conclude by highlighting gaps in our knowledge and routes for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49764,"journal":{"name":"Neural Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}