Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research最新文献_第7页

Maternal exercise during pregnancy prevents neurocognitive impairments in the juvenile offspring induced by prenatal stress 母亲在怀孕期间的运动可以预防由产前压力引起的幼子神经认知障碍

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.001

Carlos Bustamante, Carlos Ancatén, Cristian Gutiérrez-Rojas, Rodrigo Pascual

{"title":"Maternal exercise during pregnancy prevents neurocognitive impairments in the juvenile offspring induced by prenatal stress","authors":"Carlos Bustamante, Carlos Ancatén, Cristian Gutiérrez-Rojas, Rodrigo Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Maternal exercise has shown beneficial effects on maternal/foetal health; however, the effects of maternal exercise on neurocognitive development in prenatally stressed offspring are unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine if maternal exercise during pregnancy prevents the effects of stress on spatial memory and learning as well as on the dendritic outgrowth of hippocampal neurons in prenatally stressed offspring.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control (C), restraint stress (RS) and restraint stress + voluntary wheel running (RS + VWR). Between gestational day 1 and 14 the dams from the RS + VWR group were subjected to the VWR protocol for 4 h per day. Moreover, from gestational day 14 until delivery the pregnant females from RS and RS + VWR group were subjected to three daily stress sessions. Between postnatal day 52 and 56, the male mice born of the three groups of dams were evaluated in the Morris Water Maze, and then, their neuronal morphology was analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The stressed mice showed higher escape latencies and a significant reduction in both the number of entries to and in the time spent in the quadrant target of the maze, compared to controls, along with a reduction in the dendritic outgrowth of the hippocampal neurons. Moreover, stressed mice born from exercised mothers showed an improvement in spatial learning and memory, along with an increase in the dendritic length of dentate granule cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Maternal exercise during pregnancy may be a beneficial factor to prevent the cognitive impairments and to ameliorate partially the impairments in the hippocampal dendritic outgrowth exhibited by prenatally stressed mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91712199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage among adolescents: A systematic review 减少青少年过度使用移动设备的干预措施的有效性:一项系统综述

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002

Saoirse Mac Cárthaigh

{"title":"The effectiveness of interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage among adolescents: A systematic review","authors":"Saoirse Mac Cárthaigh","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Excessive mobile device usage has been linked to poor sleep quality and quantity and impaired mental health among adolescents. In light of these findings, a systematic review was conducted to determine the most effective interventions to reduce excessive mobile device usage.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After a comprehensive search of academic databases, five studies were found to meet this review’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were then evaluated for methodological quality, methodological relevance and relevance to the current research question.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This systematic review found compelling evidence for the effectiveness of application-based interventions for excessive mobile device use. However, to date, the evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions appears weak.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Application-based interventions leveraged the need for social validation and the powerful reinforcement of notifications to encourage mobile device use-limiting behaviours. The implications of the findings are discussed and directions for future research are provided. The findings of this review have limited generalizability until further research is conducted outside of the South Korean context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44296111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A study on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from Eastern India 东印度视神经脊髓炎患者的研究

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003

Soumava Mukherjee, Gautam Guha, Manoj Roy, Sinjan Ghosh, Shankar Prasad Saha

{"title":"A study on patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from Eastern India","authors":"Soumava Mukherjee, Gautam Guha, Manoj Roy, Sinjan Ghosh, Shankar Prasad Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To study the clinical presentation and response to immunosuppressives in patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a female preponderance of the disease (6.5:1) with mean age of disease onset 26.6 years. Isolated ON was the most common presentation at disease onset (60 %). Among motor symptoms at disease onset, only quadriparesis predicted a worse EDSS outcome at last follow up (p = 0.003). Visual acuity ≤6/60 and bilateral involvement was more common in the seropositive patients than in seronegative patients. Anti MOG Antibody was tested in 64.2 % of seronegative patients and was negative. Rituximab was most effective in preventing relapses (no relapses) followed by azathioprine (reduction of ARR of 90.1 %) and mycophenolate (reduction of ARR of 58.6 %). Also the reduction in median EDSS score and median FSS score for vision was greatest for the patients who received rituximab (52.9 % and 33.3 % respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Relapsing course of the disease was frequently observed with isolated optic neuritis being the most common symptom at disease onset. Among the motor features only quadriparesis at disease onset predicted a worse disease outcome. Rituximab was most effective in reducing the median EDSS score on follow up and preventing relapse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Underlying domains of anxiety trait in a Costa Rican sample: Preliminary results 哥斯达黎加样本中焦虑特质的潜在领域:初步结果

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001

Daniela Ugalde-Araya , Carolina Coto-Vílchez , Alejandro Ávila-Aguirre , Gabriela Chavarría-Soley , Henriette Raventós , Javier Contreras Rojas

{"title":"Underlying domains of anxiety trait in a Costa Rican sample: Preliminary results","authors":"Daniela Ugalde-Araya , Carolina Coto-Vílchez , Alejandro Ávila-Aguirre , Gabriela Chavarría-Soley , Henriette Raventós , Javier Contreras Rojas","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Imprecision of the psychiatric phenotype might partially explain the failure of genetic research to identify genes that contribute to susceptibility of anxiety disorders. Previous research concluded two underlying constructs, worry and rumination, might explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican patients with history of mania. The goal of the current study is to explore the presence of latent constructs for quantitative anxiety in a group of subjects with a wide diagnostic phenotype and non-affected individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of anxiety trait in 709 subjects. Our sample was comprised by 419 subjects with psychiatric disorders and 290 non-affected individuals. We used principal factors extraction method with squared multiple correlations of the STAI (trait subscale).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found the following preliminary results: a three-factor solution with a good simple structure and statistical adequacy was obtained with a KMO of 0.92 (>0.6) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity of 5644,44 (p < 0.05). The STAI items were grouped into three factors: anxiety-absent, worry and rumination based on the characteristics of the symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Two underlying constructs, worry and rumination may explain anxiety sub-syndromic symptoms in Costa Rican subjects. Our proposed underlying structure of subsyndromal anxiety in individuals should be considered as an important factor in defining better phenotypic characterizations on a broader diagnostic concept. Worry and rumination as a phenotypic characterization may assist in genotyping; however, its predictive value on actual illness outcome still requires more research. The Genome-Wide QTL analysis for anxiety trait in the same sample is ongoing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38324824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial Balint组训练对重症护士职业倦怠和工作生活质量的影响:一项随机对照试验

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002

Huigen Huang , Huashuang Zhang , Yongbiao Xie , Shi-Bin Wang , Hong Cui , Lihua Li , Hua Shao , Qingshan Geng

{"title":"Effect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Huigen Huang , Huashuang Zhang , Yongbiao Xie , Shi-Bin Wang , Hong Cui , Lihua Li , Hua Shao , Qingshan Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Burnout and low quality of work life were linked to poor professional conduct, increased risk of medical errors and suicide for intensive care nurses. This study was to examine whether the Balint group training intervention could relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a randomized controlled trial at five ICUs in Guangdong province, China. Totally 152 nurses were randomly assigned to the Balint group with 8 weekly 1.5 -h training sessions and the control group with no interventions. The outcomes were assessed at pre-, mid- and post-training intervention with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS) questionnaires.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At pre-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS and MBI for both groups ranged in 131.63–133.43 and 69.96–70.07, respectively, suggesting the high burnout and low quality of work life for ICU nurses. At mid-intervention, no significant differences were observed. At post-training intervention, the scores of QNWLS for the intervention group (141.93 ± 13.61) was significantly higher than the control group (132.39 ± 10.66), which was mainly contributed by the improvement in the work life-home life and work world dimensions. For MBI, the burnout for intervention group (58.33 ± 7.38) was significantly lower than the control group (70.50 ± 7.01) at post-training intervention, which was contributed by the improvement in the depersonalization and emotional exhaustion dimensions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>the ‘healthy worker effect’ cannot be excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Balint group training was an effective way to relieve burnout and improve the quality of work life for ICU nurses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Exploring perceived control, a low-control task, and a brief acceptance intervention in a low and high transdiagnostic anxiety sample 探索感知控制，低控制任务，和短暂的接受干预在低和高跨诊断焦虑样本

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001

L.P. Wadsworth , S.A. Hayes-Skelton

{"title":"Exploring perceived control, a low-control task, and a brief acceptance intervention in a low and high transdiagnostic anxiety sample","authors":"L.P. Wadsworth , S.A. Hayes-Skelton","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limited perceived control has been theorized and measured to be a cognitive aspect of anxiety disorder development and maintenance. The goal of the present study was to investigate perceived internal and external control as transdiagnostic features of anxiety in a diverse urban sample.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We explored the relations between anxiety, perceived control, and acceptance skills experimentally using a low control computer task and a brief acceptance intervention between task trials.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data revealed significant negative correlations between perceived internal and external control and levels of transdiagnostic anxiety. The high anxiety group reported lower acceptance skills at baseline and greater levels of anxiety across trials of the low control task. There was evidence of an anxiety reduction effect via the acceptance intervention across all participants compared to the control group, but we did not see the hypothesized interaction between group and anxiety level (possibly due in part to sampling randomization failure, as acceptance group had significantly higher anxiety at baseline).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our findings validate previous research linking low trait perceived control and high trait anxiety in a diverse sample and provide evidence that acceptance-based interventions may provide more adaptive strategies for navigating low control situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Relation between vitamin D level and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of major depressive disorder—A sample of Egyptian patients 维生素D水平与重度抑郁症严重程度、症状及认知功能障碍的关系——以埃及患者为例

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001

Sandra W. Elseesy , Tamer Goueli , Akmal Mostafa , Alaa Afif , Mohamed A. Khalil

{"title":"Relation between vitamin D level and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of major depressive disorder—A sample of Egyptian patients","authors":"Sandra W. Elseesy , Tamer Goueli , Akmal Mostafa , Alaa Afif , Mohamed A. Khalil","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vitamin D helps in the regulation of neurotransmission and neuroprotection. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency might lead to inactivated receptors and may result in depression.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The study assessed the relation between serum level of vitamin D and severity, symptomatology and cognitive dysfunction of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a sample of Egyptian patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were measured with electro-chemiluminescence binding assay in 75 patients with MDD. Vitamin D deficiency was described as <20 ng/ml. Patients were recruited from Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital, Kasr Al Ainy outpatient clinic. Patients were subjected to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID), Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D), Mini- mental status examination (MMSE), Wechsler memory subtests (story A and paired associate learning test (PALT)), Benton visual retention test (BVRT) and Trail B test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>94.6 % of patients had vitamin D deficiency. There was no significant correlation between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression according to HAM-D. Regarding symptoms of depression, there was a statistically significant difference between levels of vitamin D, being more deficient with genital symptoms: decreased libido and menstrual disturbances. There was no statistically significant correlation between level of vitamin D and cognitive functions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MDD was associated with vitamin D deficiency but no statistical significant correlation could be established neither between levels of vitamin D and severity of depression nor between levels of vitamin D and cognitive dysfunction. Vitamin D level was statistically correlated with decreased libido and menstrual disturbances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Pages 10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137431012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional reactivity and neuropsychological assessment in ten cases of ablated temporal lobe tumors 10例颞叶切除肿瘤的情绪反应及神经心理评价

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004

Roberta Ciuffini , Maria Cristina Rossetti , Alfonso Marrelli , Luca Napoleoni , Marco Varrassi , Carmine Marini , Alessandra Splendiani , Rodolfo Rossi , Paolo Stratta

{"title":"Emotional reactivity and neuropsychological assessment in ten cases of ablated temporal lobe tumors","authors":"Roberta Ciuffini , Maria Cristina Rossetti , Alfonso Marrelli , Luca Napoleoni , Marco Varrassi , Carmine Marini , Alessandra Splendiani , Rodolfo Rossi , Paolo Stratta","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Emotional reactivity (ER) and neuropsychological (Np) status were investigated in a case series of patients that underwent a surgical ablation of temporal lobe tumors (TLT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten patients (6 females, 4 males) who had undergone surgical ablation of TLT and 10 controls matched for age and gender were recruited. ER was tested using International Affective Picture System (IAPS); Clinical Global Impression evaluated behavioral disturbances, affective symptoms and emotional involvement/reaction to the pathological condition. Np assessment was carried out using well established measures; anatomopathological, neuroradiological and clinical data were also collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients showed more positive valence and higher arousal upon viewing neutral images compared to controls. To a lesser extent, the same pattern was observed with socially pleasant images. No affective symptoms were observed at CGI-BP evaluation. Arousal to negative images, with or without social involvement, revealed a moderately strong relationship with the patient’s subjective emotional appraisal of the consequences of the illness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We observed an optimistic emotional environment perception and a detachment from the pathological condition related to lowered emotional involvement and reactivity to negative emotional cues. This pattern of emotional reactivity leads to the hypothesis of an effective coping strategy development to a severe pathological condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46360981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Quality of life for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: Lifestyle and treatment 双相情感障碍患者的生活质量:生活方式和治疗

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2019-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002

Martin Maripuu , Karl-Fredrik Norrback , Rolf Adolfsson

{"title":"Quality of life for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: Lifestyle and treatment","authors":"Martin Maripuu , Karl-Fredrik Norrback , Rolf Adolfsson","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although bipolar disorder (BP) is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL), little is known about the clinical features associated with QOL. Better knowledge about this relationship may improve treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional and retrospective study of 160 bipolar outpatients is part of an extensive study battery that includes patient-rated QOL with the World Health Organization QOL-100. The subscale “overall QOL” was used for analysis. QOL was divided into subgroups denoted “low”, “mid”, and “high”. Clinical data such as disease-specific factors, treatment efforts, and lifestyle were gathered from personal interviews and medical records.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to mid QOL, single analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that low QOL was associated with BP II diagnosis, no previous hospitalization, low grade of current lithium medication, high grade of current antiepileptic medication, short disease duration with lithium, long disease duration without lithium, inactive lifestyle, high BMI, young age, and pre-menopausal women. Compared to mid QOL, high QOL was associated with a hypomanic/manic first affective episode, low BMI, non-smoker, and not currently using anxiolytic or sedatives.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>No longitudinal QOL data were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>QOL for bipolar patients is determined by serval factors that potentially could be altered. To improve QOL, lithium prophylaxis and lifestyle factors seem the most promising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The psychological and physiological sequel of child maltreatment: A forensic perspective 儿童虐待的心理和生理后果:法医视角

Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2019-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.003

Xanthé Mallett , Ulrich Schall

{"title":"The psychological and physiological sequel of child maltreatment: A forensic perspective","authors":"Xanthé Mallett , Ulrich Schall","doi":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It has long been recognized that sustained or repeated child maltreatment has lasting psychological and emotional effects on the victims. This has helped to inform the criminal and civil justice systems how best to deal with perpetrators of abuse, as well social and health services when treating the victims. However, what is generally less well recognized is that physical and emotional abuse has a lasting and potentially non-reversible effect on brain function.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a literature review on the forensic, mental, psychological, and pathophysiological impact of child maltreatment and discuss the implications of child maltreatment as a potential mitigating factor in criminal court in cases where victims of abuse become perpetrators themselves.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Repeated exposure to traumatic experiences changes the responsiveness in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with lasting consequences in the developing brain for structures, such as the hippocampus and amygdala. These physiological changes are thought to cause a range of mental disorders, which are associated with poor affect regulation, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The importance of developing our understanding of the long-term effects of child abuse and neglect cannot be overestimated as the result of child maltreatment will perpetrate criminal acts since offenders have higher rates of mental illness than the general community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49756,"journal":{"name":"Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages 9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npbr.2019.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5